A new weevil genus from the highlands of China casts doubts on monophyly of Cotasteromimina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Molytinae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
Christoph Germann ◽  
Vasily V. Grebennikov
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Alpine Zone ◽  
Character Weighting ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
Parsimony Criterion ◽  
Ordering Strategies

We describe Zembrus perseus gen. et sp. nov., a new weevil from Yunnan, China. A single flightless male was sifted from under Rhododendron bush in the alpine zone of the Cangshan Mountain Range. The specimen’s appearance suggests affinities to the molytine subtribe Cotasteromimina, which currently comprises six named species in four genera distributed between Japan, the Andaman Islands, Borneo and the Philippines. To test the species’ phylogenetic affinities, we analysed 73 morphological characters of adult specimens of 23 molytine and one rooting species. Besides Z. perseus, the ingroup includes four named species, each representing a named genus of Cotasteromimina, and two other, likely closely related unnamed species. Phylogenetic analysis using the parsimony criterion and four character-weighting and/or ordering strategies consistently failed to detect a clade of Cotasteromimina, either with or without Z. perseus. The most parsimonious trees are inconsistent, the bootstrap consensus trees are almost entirely unresolved, and previously published DNA data are phylogenetically indecisive. We conclude that either adult morphological characters constitute an inadequate data source to test monophyly of Cotasteromimina or that the subtribe is not monophyletic or both. We illustrate the relevant adult structures of Z. perseus and most of the in- and out-group taxa used in the analysis.

Morphological and taxonomical review of the genus Nirmides Hering (Lepidoptera, Limacodidae) with description of eight new species

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Solovyev
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
New Synonymy

The genus Nirmides Hering, 1931 is revised. Nowadays it includes 17 species, known from Thailand, Vietnam and the Andamans to the Philippines. Eight species are described as new to science: N. siamasp. n. (Thailand), N. ihleisp. n. (Thailand), N. dianasp. n. (Andaman Islands), N. samaressp. n. (Philippines, Samar), N. lourensisp. n. (Philippines, Luzon), N. similissp. n. (Philippines, Mindanao), N. kanlaonensissp. n. (Philippines, Negros), and N. hollowayisp. n. (Borneo). Lectotypes are designated for Susica basalis Walker, 1862 and Nirmides basalis f. fusca Hering, 1931. The taxon Nirma micron van Eecke, 1929 is removed from synonymy with Nirmides basalis (Walker, 1862) and restored to a separate species. A new synonymy is proposed: Nirmides micron (van Eecke, 1929) = Nirmides manwahi Holloway, 1990, syn. n. The homology of the sclerites of the male genitalia is discussed; the musculature of the male genitalia is examined. A key to species is given.

scholarly journals The SIMPOC Philippine Survey of Children 2001: A Data Source for Analyzing Occupational Injuries to Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charita L. Castro ◽  
Sarah Gormly ◽  
Amy R. Ritualo
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Occupational Activities ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Children’S Work

Child labor is a global issue that exists in both industrialized and developing countries. With the unanimous adoption of International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 182 in 1999 calling for the immediate elimination of the worst forms of child labor, ratifying member countries have committed themselves to identifying hazardous work for children in the context of their respective legislative frameworks. Part of tackling the problem of child labor is knowing what types of occupational activities children are engaged in, what types of work environments they are under, and what risks of injuries and illnesses they are exposed to while working. Using the Philippines as a country example, this study introduces a promising data source on children's work and presents a methodology for examining hazardous work to children through the examination of injury rates. Data for this study rely primarily on a nationally representative dataset from the Survey of Children 2001 carried out by the Philippine National Statistics Office, covering the months of October 2001 to September 2002.

scholarly journals Morphometry and Phylogeny of the Different Populations of Selaginella tamariscina (P. Beauv.) Spring and S. pulvinata (Hook. & Grev.) Maxim. in Northern Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Udon Pongkawong ◽  
◽  
Jatupol Kampuansai ◽  
Rossarin Pollawatn ◽  
Arunothai Jampeetong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Selaginella Tamariscina

Abstract “Dok Hin” is the Thai local name for Selaginella species that form rosettes. They commonly distributes in Siberia, Manchuria, southern China, Japan, the Philippines and Thailand. Morphology of Dok Hin is very resemble leading to misidentification. So, exactly number of species of Dok Hin in Thailand and their differences in morphological characteristics is not well understood. Thus, revision of morphological characters and phylogenetic confirmation of the taxonomic identification are needed. This study aims to examine morphological charateristics and phylogenetic patterns in eight populations of the Dok Hin in Northern Thailand. Morphology of Dok Hin from each populations was quantitatively examined using 15 vegetative and 6 reproductive characters meanwhile phylogenetic analyses was explored by DNA barcode ITS2. The results of the phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of two species of Dok Hin, S. tamariscina and S. pulvinata. Selaginella tamariscina can be distinguished from S. pulvinata by its presence of a pseudotrunk above ground and ridges of dorsal leaves. On the other hand, the results of phylogenetic analysis indicated the differences among populations of S. pulvinata as well. Chiang Mai populations of S. pulvinata was characterized by peculiar set of characters long leaves and leaf apices look like caudate, while the rest of their populations have shorter leaves and leaf apices look like aristate. It indicates that S. pulvinata has genetic and phenotypic divergence among populations. However, additional studies of Dok Hin populations in other parts of Thailand and studies on different genetic markers are necessary to confirm the taxonomic status of S. pulvinata. Keywords: Dok Hin, Morphometric, Phylogeny, Pseudotrunk, Resurrection plant

Redescription of Mastigias papua (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae) with designation of a neotype and recognition of two additional species

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4457 (4) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANA ROCHA DE SOUZA ◽  
MICHAEL N DAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Approach ◽  
Patterns And Processes

Mastigias, the ‘golden’ or ‘spotted’ jellyfish, is distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific. Specimens are identified routinely as Mastigias papua, although eight species were described historically, and molecular analyses evince at least three phylogenetic species. Understanding species diversity in Mastigias has become a priority because of its growing relevance in studies of boom-bust dynamics related to environmental change, cryptic species, local adaptation, parallel evolution, and peripatric speciation. However, species delimitation and identification are inhibited by a dearth of type specimens for most species, including M. papua. We address these issues by resampling Mastigias from the type locality in Waigeo, West Papua, as well as in the Philippines, and by comparing cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and up to 34 morphological characters of 268 Mastigias specimens from surrounding regions in the Indo-Pacific. We also gathered data from the historical descriptions of the eight species of Mastigias to estimate the identity of the two other currently revealed clades. Using this integrative taxonomic approach, we re-describe Mastigias papua as endemic to the tropical western Pacific islands (including Papua, Palau, Enewetak) and designate a neotype for the species. Additionally, based on morphological similarity and geographic overlap, we identified a second clade most probably as M. albipunctatus (from Japan, Komodo, Berau and Philippines) and a third clade tentatively as either M. andersoni or M. ocellatus. This study highlights the benefits of combining molecular analyses, samples from type locations, traditional descriptions and statistical analyses of morphological variation in systematic studies, and the concomitant potential of such studies to increase understanding of evolutionary patterns and processes in Scyphozoa.

Systematics and phylogeography of the Australasian mangrove crabs Parasesarma semperi and P. longicristatum (Decapoda : Brachyura : Sesarmidae) based on morphological and molecular data

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Shahdadi ◽  
Peter J. F. Davie ◽  
Christoph D. Schubart
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Mangrove Crabs ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Parasesarma semperi (Bürger, 1893) was first described from Bohol in the Philippines and is considered to be widely distributed in Southeast Asia. Parasesarma longicristatum (Campbell, 1967) was originally described as a subspecies of P. semperi from Queensland, Australia, and later recognised as a full species. In this study, we re-examine specimens of the two species from across their entire geographic range using genetic markers, a morphometric analysis, and traditional morphological characters. Previous taxonomic species diagnoses were found to be unreliable, but morphometric principle component analyses consistently separate the two species, with the length to width ratio of the propodus of the fourth pereiopod being of particular importance. Genetic data corresponding to the mitochondrial genes COI, ND1 and 16S confirmed a close sister relationship between the two species, forming reciprocally monophyletic groups. Both species have high haplotype diversities and high intraspecific gene flow.

New species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 and Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 (Crellidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Chilean shallow and Argentinean deep waters, with a synthesis on the known phylogenetic relationships of crellid sponges

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5052 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-379
Author(s):  
JULIO C.C. FERNANDEZ ◽  
MARIANELA GASTALDI ◽  
GERMÁN ZAPATA-HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
LUIS M. PARDO ◽  
FABIANO L. THOMPSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Molecular Phylogenies ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

Here, we describe four new species of Crellidae Dendy, 1922 and discuss characters and relationships from published molecular phylogenies including crellid sponges. New species proposed are Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov., from southern Chile (15 m depth), C. (P.) desventuradae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Zapata-Hernández & Hajdu, sp. nov., from Desventuradas Archipelago (10–20 m depth), Crella (P.) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson & Hajdu, sp. nov., from deep waters off Argentina (750 m depth) and Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi & Hajdu, sp. nov., from the Chilean fjords region (ca. 20 m depth). These new species are set apart from each other and from known species mainly due to aspects of their spiculation. Chelae microscleres and acanthostyles supply characters that might be used to infer phylogenetic relationships and to verify the monophyly of Crella Gray, 1867 and Crellidae, which has seemingly been contradicted by preliminary molecular data available in the systematics’ literature. Our own interpretation of phylogenetic affinities, in the light of morphological characters from previous taxonomic studies, argues for a classification reassessment of materials (vouchers) included in these molecular phylogenies, especially in the case of Crella incrustans (Carter, 1885). We argue that currently available molecular phylogenetic outcomes for crellid sponges are not supportive of the polyphyly of Crella and Crellidae.  

Palynodiversity in the Climbers of Andaman Islands, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Mudavath Naik ◽  
J. Kailas ◽  
H. Ramakrishna ◽  
Boyina Rao
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Andaman Island ◽  
South Andaman

The present investigation deals with the study of pollen diversity of forty one climbers of forests in South Andaman Island. These 41 taxa belong to diversified families viz. Acanthaceae, Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Capparaceae, Combretaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Hernandiaceae, Lauraceae, Passifloraceae, Polygonaceae, Malvaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rubiaceae and Sapindaceae. The pollen of these taxaare diversified in morphological characters viz., symmetry, shape, polarity, apertural pattern and ornamentation.

Tree-Building Algorithms and Philosophies

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-185
Author(s):  
Andrew V. Z. Brower ◽  
Randall T. Schuh
Keyword(s):  
Computer Software ◽  
Bayesian Techniques ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Computational Capability ◽  
Intractable Problems ◽  
Character Weighting ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Tree Building ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parsimony Criterion

This chapter evaluates “quantitative cladistics” in detail, including the issues of fit, parsimony algorithms, and character weighting. Although systematists have long associated characters with taxa, the relationship between character data and “phylogeny” has not always been obvious. The ideas of Willi Hennig clarified this relationship, and the formalization of these concepts in a quantitative method, via the parsimony criterion, allowed for computer implementation of phylogenetic inference and the feasible solution of previously intractable problems. It is this computational capability that took the study of taxonomic relationships from an almost purely qualitative and speculative enterprise to one dominated by the use of computer software and “objective” methodologies. The chapter then discusses the use, advantages, and disadvantages of maximum likelihood and Bayesian techniques as alternative approaches to the application of parsimony.

An interesting new species of Kamimuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China, with notes on K. grandispinata Du & Sun

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4700 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
WEIHAI LI ◽  
RAORAO MO ◽  
JUAN YANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Mountain Range

Kamimuria circumspina sp. n. from Wuling Mountains in Guizhou Province, China, is described as new to science. The morphological characters of the new species are discussed and compared with similar perlid taxa and congeners. Kamimuria grandispinata Du & Sun is rediscovered from the same mountain range. 

scholarly journals The threatened and near-threatened birds of Luzon, Philippines, and the role of the Sierra Madre mountains in their conservation

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Køie Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Special Concern ◽  
Near Threatened

SummaryFieldwork on the distribution, status and ecology of birds was conducted in the northern Sierra Madre mountain range, Luzon, Philippines, during March–May 1991 and March-May 1992. The findings show the area to be one of the most important for conservation of threatened species of birds in all Asia. The results are here combined with evidence from earlier surveys by other searchers. Fourteen threatened and 18 near-threatened species are now known from the area. This paper reports on all the threatened and near-threatened resident species of the island of Luzon, with special emphasis on their occurrence in the Sierra Madre mountains. In addition, the paper treats species with very limited global distribution that breed in Luzon, and lists species of forest birds endemic to the Philippines that have not previously been reported from the Sierra Madre mountains. Maps show the known sites for 17 species of special concern for conservation. New data on the altitudinal distribution of threatened and near-threatened species suggest that it is essential to protect primary forest at all elevations.

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