scholarly journals Evaluation of bovine beta casein polymorphism in two dairy farms located in northern Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Massella ◽  
Silvia Piva ◽  
Federica Giacometti ◽  
Gaetano Liuzzo ◽  
Angelo Vittorio Zambrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Common Variants ◽  
Milk Intolerance ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Sequences Analysis

Bovine beta casein A1 is one of the most common variants in dairy cattle breeds; it is considered a risk factor in milk intolerance and in other important human diseases, because of the bioactive peptide beta casomorphin-7 (BCM7) produced by raw or processed A1-milk, but not by A2- milk, during digestion. The aim of this study was to perform a cheap and rapid method to investigate beta casein polymorphism in copious animals. The study included 2 dairy farms with a totally of 1230 cows. Beta casein genotypes were estimated evaluating Exon 7 region of bovine beta casein gene (CSN2) by sequences analysis. In the population included in the study 5 variants (A1, A2, B, F, I) and 13 genotypes (A1A1, A1A2, A1B, A1F, A1I, A2A2, A2B, A2F, A2I, BB, BF, BI, FI) were detected. The method showed high sensibility and specificity, resulted low-cost and few time consuming.

Effect of different calving classes in the first calving on subsequent milk production in Holstein dairy cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
A Heravi Moussavi ◽  
M Danesh Mesgaran
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Revenue from dairy farms is directly dependent upon reproductive efficiency because it affects milk production and the number of calves born (Thurmond et al., 1990). Pregnancy loss can have devastating effects on economical success in dairy farms. Normal annual abortion risks have been cited to be 3–5%, once cows are beyond 42 days of pregnancy (Hovingh, 2002), or similarly an observable 2–5% in most dairies (Kirk, 2003). Although, there is little or no indication that milk production is a risk factor for increased pregnancy losses in dairy cattle (Santos et al., 2004), there is little information on the effect of pregnancy losses on subsequent milk production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different calving classes including eutocia, dystocia, stillbirth and abortion in the first calving on subsequent milk production in Iranian Holstein dairy cows.

scholarly journals Bayesian Estimation of the True Seroprevalence and Risk Factor Analysis of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Pakistan

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1404
Author(s):  
Ali Sakhawat ◽  
Marzena Rola-Łuszczak ◽  
Zbigniew Osiński ◽  
Nazia Bibi ◽  
Jacek Kuźmak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Exotic Breed ◽  
Posterior Estimate

The objective of this study was to determine the true seroprevalence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in dairy cattle from Pakistan at the animal and herd-level. We tested 1380 dairy cattle from 451 herds and 92 water buffalo. The sera were tested by ELISA and the results were analyzed using Bayesian inference. The median posterior estimate of the herd level true BLV prevalence was 1.4%, with a 95% credible interval (CI) 0.7–3.1, whereas the median posterior estimate of the within-farm true seroprevalence was 3.8% with a 95% CI 2.8–4.8. All 92 sera collected from water buffalo were negative. Several risk factors potentially associated with seropositivity to BLV infections in Pakistan were analyzed using logistic regression model based on calculation of an odds ratio (OR). The study showed an association between seropositivity and medium herd (≥50) size (OR = 23.57, 95% CI: 3.01–103.48). Common housing of indigenous cattle with exotic-breed cattle (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 06–2.35) or housing indigenous or their crossbred cattle with exotic-breed cattle (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.14–3.01) had no effect on the BLV seroprevalence. Similarly, common housing of cattle and water buffalo was not risk factor for increased BLV seropositivity (OR = 27.10, 95% CI: 0.63–119.34).

scholarly journals Mendelian randomisation for psychiatry: how does it work, and what can it tell us?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn E. Wootton ◽  
Hannah J. Jones ◽  
Hannah M. Sallis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Randomised Control Trials ◽  
Successful Prevention

AbstractThe successful prevention of mental illness relies upon the identification of causal, modifiable risk factors. However, observational evidence exploring such risk factors often produces contradictory results and randomised control trials are often expensive, time-consuming or unethical to conduct. Mendelian randomisation (MR) is a complementary approach that uses naturally occurring genetic variation to identify possible causal effects between a risk factor and an outcome in a time-efficient and low-cost manner. MR utilises genetic variants as instrumental variables for the risk factor of interest. MR studies are becoming more frequent in the field of psychiatry, warranting a reflection upon both the possibilities and the pitfalls. In this Perspective, we consider several limitations of the MR method that are of particular relevance to psychiatry. We also present new MR methods that have exciting applications to questions of mental illness. While we believe that MR can make an important contribution to the field of psychiatry, we also wish to emphasise the importance of clear causal questions, thorough sensitivity analyses, and triangulation with other forms of evidence.

Prevalence and risk-factor analysis of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in faecal samples of organically and conventionally farmed dairy cattle

2005 ◽  
Vol 109 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kuhnert ◽  
Christoph R. Dubosson ◽  
Markus Roesch ◽  
Esther Homfeld ◽  
Marcus G. Doherr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Risk Factor Analysis ◽  
Faecal Samples

scholarly journals Impact Of Genotypes And Parity On Reproductive And Productive Attributes In Dairy Cattle Of Natore District, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
M Saiful Islam ◽  
Susanta Kumar Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

Impact of genotypes and parity on some vital reproductive and productive attributes in the local (L×L, n = 100) and four crossbred cows (L×F, L×SL, L×JR and L×S; n = 318) raised in randomly selected smallholder dairy farms scattered all over Natore District and adjacent areas have been assessed during a period from September 2007 to June 2010. With regard to reproductive attributes, significant differences existed among the cattle genotypes (P<0.05) except for gestation length (GL) and age at weaning (AW). The lowest age at puberty (AP) was found for L×F (21.42±0.37 months), while the highest for L×L (31.67±0.74 months). In terms of productivity, L×F cows produced the highest daily milk yield (DMY; 6.22±0.13 L), coupled with the highest total lactation yield (TLY; 2163.43±47.77 L), while L×L produced the lowest values (1.49±0.04 L and 416.40±12.3 L, respectively) for the traits. The effect of parity on both reproductive and productive attributes showed that the middle-aged dairy cows of the 3rd and 4th parities performed better than the younger (1st and 2nd parities) or the older (5th and beyond) ones. Considering the overall performance, the L×F cows could be ranked as the best genotype followed by their L×SL, L×JR, L×S and L×L counterparts in the study area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9727 JLES 2011 6: 91-96

scholarly journals Low cost driver device for microclimate maintenance in the pre-milking of dairy cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irenilson M. da Silva ◽  
Héliton Pandorfi ◽  
Ângelo J. S. de Vasconcelos ◽  
Renato Laurenti ◽  
Cristiane Guiselini
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Driver ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Laboratory Calibration ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System ◽  
And Control

Due to the importance of the environment on animal production and thus environmental control, the study aims to build a system for monitoring and control the meteorological variables, temperature and relative humidity, low cost, which can be associated with an evaporative cooling system (ECS). The system development included all the stages of assembly, test and laboratory calibration, and later the validation of the equipment carried in the field. The validation step showed results which allowed concluding that the system can be safely used in the monitoring of these variables. The controller was efficient in management of the microclimate in the waiting corral and allowed the maintenance of the air temperature within the comfort range for dairy cattle in pre-milking with averaged 25.09 ºC during the afternoon. The equipment showed the lower cost (R$ 325.76) when compared to other middle market (R$ 450.00).

scholarly journals PREVALENSI CACING HATI SAPI PERAH PADA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Siswanto Siswanto ◽  
Madi Hartono ◽  
Purnama Edy Santosa ◽  
Sri Suharyati ◽  
Hindun Larasati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Faecal Samples

The study was conducted on dairy cattle livestock at Lampung Province in July - August 2012, aiming to determine the prevalence of liver worms. Disease in livestock caused by liver worm infections are called Fasciolosis. Fasciolosis is an important parasitic disease because it can cause high economic losses. The research method was the census method. Data retrieval were 125 dairy cattle faecal samples from people's dairy farms in Lampung Province. The datas obtained were analyzed descriptively. Examination of faecal samples was carried out at the Lampung Veterinary Center using the Sedimentation Test. The results showed the prevalence of liver worms in dairy cattle in Lampung Province was 12.00%, 15 dairy cattle those were positively infested by liver worms. The highest dairy cattle prevalence in West Lampung Regency at 33.33%, while the lowest prevalence is in dairy cattle in Bandar Lampung City and Tanggamus Regency at 0%. Keywords:  Dairy Cattle Livestock, Lampung Province, Liver Worms, Prevalence, Sedimentation Test

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