scholarly journals Assumption of drugs with self-injurer purpose: a retrospective study about 111 patients hospitalized in Policlinico of Modena

2013 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Lucio Brugioni ◽  
Paola Magnani ◽  
Eleonora Berti ◽  
Cristina Gozzi ◽  
Francesca De Niederhausern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Suicidal Attempt ◽  
Pharmacologic Therapy ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Suicidal Attempts ◽  
History Of

AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this work was to evaluate the epidemiology of suicidal attempts by ingestion of drugs in our area. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study considering all patients admitted to the hospital between January 2004 and December 2006 for suicidal attempts using drugs. RESULTS A total of 111 patients were seen in our Department in the evaluated period. The large majority of patients were women (75%). Suicidal attempt was more common in individuals aged 31 to 40 years. The more common drugs used were: BDZ (28%), anti-depressive (21%), anti-psychotics (10%) and anti-epileptics (8%). A gastric washout was performed in 65.8% of all patients admitted to the hospital. The most used antidote was flumazenil. Alterations of laboratory exams were seen only in a small percentage of the cases. In the majority of cases, suicide was at the first attempt. 71% of patients were followed by psychiatrist and were taking daily psychiatric pharmacologic therapy; 5% had a history of previous admission to the hospital in a psychiatric ward; only 24% had no a history of a prior mental illness. 43% of patients were admitted to a psychiatric ward after intensive treatment in our department. Self-discharging was not usual (10%), and only few patients were restrained against their will (3%). CONCLUSIONS Our study has identified some risk factors for a suicidal attempt. Family doctors should have a stronger control of their patients with mental illness especially during the first period of treatment. In future it should be very helpful to create an informatic network connecting all departments involved in the care of these patients. Moreover, it is crucial to increase the role of family doctors in the care of psychiatric patients after their hospitalization.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Otitis Media With Effusion in Children: Future Therapeutic Implications

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982098745
Author(s):  
Mirko Aldè ◽  
Federica Di Berardino ◽  
Paola Marchisio ◽  
Giovanna Cantarella ◽  
Umberto Ambrosetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Vestibular Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinic Population

Objective To evaluate the role of social isolation during the lockdown due to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) in modifying the prevalence of otitis media with effusion (OME) and the natural history of chronic OME. Study Design Retrospective study. Setting Tertiary level referral audiologic center. Methods We assessed the prevalence of OME among children aged 6 months to 12 years who attended the outpatient clinic for hearing or vestibular disorders during 2 periods before the lockdown, May-June 2019 (n = 350) and January-February 2020 (n = 366), and the period immediately after the lockdown, May-June 2020 (n = 216). We also compared the disease resolution rates between a subgroup of children with chronic OME (n = 30) who were diagnosed in summer 2019 and reevaluated in May-June 2020 and a similar subgroup (n = 29) assessed in 2018-2019. Results The prevalence of OME in this clinic population was 40.6% in May-June 2019, 52.2% in January-February 2020, and 2.3% in May-June 2020. Children with chronic OME had a higher rate of disease resolution in May-June 2020 (93.3%) than those examined in May-June 2019 (20.7%, P < .001). Conclusion Closure of schools and the physical distancing rules were correlated with a reduction in the prevalence of OME and favored the resolution of its chronic forms among children who attended the outpatient clinic. These data could suggest that in the presence of chronic OME, keeping young children out of group care settings for a period might be beneficial to allow for OME resolution.

scholarly journals Moral Treatment: Philippe Pinel

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrs. Sushma. C ◽  
Dr. Meghamala. S. Tavaragi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Demonic Possession ◽  
Moral Treatment ◽  
Modern Psychiatry ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Philippe Pinel a pioneer, a french psychiatrist, a physician, known as father of modern psychiatry, revolutions psychiatric care of patients with mental illness by introducing concept of moral treatment. Pinel rejected the then prevailing popular notion that mental illness was caused by demonic possession and stated that mental disorders could be caused by a variety of factors including psychological or social stress, congenital conditions, or physiological injury, psychological damage, or heredity. Philippe Pinel for the first time in history of psychiatric patients treated them humanly by unchaining patients known as madmen. This historic event was done for first time in Bicêtre Hospital in 1798 a Parisian insane asylum. In this article a brief history of life and work of pioneer Philippe Pinel is mentioned.

Talking to children about parental mental illness: The experiences of well parents

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Ballal ◽  
Janardhana Navaneetham
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Parental Mental Illness ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Mental Health Systems ◽  
The Family ◽  
Supportive Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Of Information

Background: Children of parents with mental illness are not routinely included in psychoeducational and supportive family interventions provided by adult mental health systems. The family, therefore, is an important and, sometimes, the only source of information and support for them. Aim: To understand the experiences of well parents in talking to their children about parental mental illness. Method: This article presents the findings of a qualitative study of the experiences of well parents in talking to their children about parental mental illness. Ten well parents whose spouses were diagnosed with a severe mental illness participated in the study. Socio-demographic information, family details and history of the spouse’s mental illness along with their experiences of talking to children about parental mental illness, the perceived risks and benefits, challenges they faced and the role of others in the process were recorded. Qualitative data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings: The themes of ‘distancing children from parental mental illness’, ‘avoiding conversations about the illness’, ‘giving and receiving emotional support’, ‘providing explanations of the illness’ and ‘regulating other sources of information’ show the complex ways in which well parents influence their children’s understanding of parental mental illness. The findings are examined in the background of what is known about this topic from the perspective of children or of the parent with illness. Possible ways to support well parents in families affected by parental mental illness are discussed. Conclusion: This study is a step forward in the understanding of how families talk to children about parental mental illness and provides the perspective of the well parent.

RUPTURE OF AMNIOTIC MEMBRANES IN PRETERM, AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OBSTETRICS COMPLICATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Iroda Tosheva ◽  
◽  
N. Ashurova ◽  
Gulchekhra Ikhtiyarova
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Perinatal Center ◽  
History Of ◽  
Amniotic Membranes

This article presents the results of the retrospective study of the childbirth history of 106 pregnant women in whom labor was complicated by premature rupture of the membranes, delivery in the Bukhara regional perinatal center for the period 2017-2019 years. The results show the significant role of premature rupture of the membranes in the development of obstetrics and perinatal complications, especially in women with a history of somatic and gynecological anamnesis

Grommets and cholesteatoma in children

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 1000-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Herdman ◽  
J. L. W. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Cortical Mastoidectomy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epithelial Invasion ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Retraction

Cholesteatoma in children may be a sequel to chronic exudative otitis media with tympanic membrane retraction but he the role of grommets in the possible facilitation of squamous epithelial invasion into the middle ear is not yet clear. A retrospective study was made of the history and prior treatment in 25 children who underwent mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma at St. Mary's Hospital between 1975 and 1986. Thirteen patients had undergone previous middle ear aeration procedures which included myringotomy, cortical mastoidectomy and grommets. There was no difference in the site or severity of cholesteatoma in the operated and non-operated cases. Of the seven patients with a history of multiple grommets three had primarily attic, and three had primarily mesotympanic disease. The latter had greater ossicular erosion. One patient with an intact tympanic membrane had grommet insertion subsequently developed a cholesteatoma. While cholesteatoma due directly to the presence of grommets is rare, it appears that children who require multiple grommet insertions constitute a high risk group and should be very closely monitored.

Per una storia dell'affidamento dei malati psichiatrici alle famiglie: Towards a history of the family care of psychiatric patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Guarnieri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychiatric Staff

SummaryInserting adults with psychic problems into families has recently been practiced in various European countries and also in Italy, where some mental health departments support such families. Beyond the well known story of Gheel, the etero and omofamily care of psychiatric patients has a forgotten history. Methods – On the basis of unexplored and exceptionally rich sources from the archives of the asylums in Florence, as well as of the Province di Florence, which funded assistance to the mentally ill – this research focuses on the subsidized “domestic custody” of hundreds of psychiatric patients, who had already been institutionalized. Beginning in 1866, outboarding was supported by the provincial administration in Florence with the collaboration of the asylum medical direction. Results – In the late 19th C. and in the early 20th C. prestigious psychiatrists sought alternatives to the institutionalisation. These alternatives involved varied participants in a community (the patients and their families, the administrators and the medical specialists, the neighborhood and the police). The families played a special role that historians of the psychiatry exclusively dedicated to the insane asylums have not really seen. Conclusions – The role of the families in the interaction with the psychiatric staff is not, even on a historiographical level, simply an additional and marginal chapter of the practices and of the culture of the mental health. These archival evidence contradicts some common places on the past of the Italian psychiatry before 1978, and provokes new reflections of possible relevance to the present.

Attitudes toward psychiatry and psychiatric patients in medical students: Can real-world experiences reduce stigma?

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s218-s218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pascucci ◽  
E. Stella ◽  
M. La Montagna ◽  
A. De Angelis ◽  
P. Parente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Psychiatric Patient ◽  
Real World ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionStigma towards psychiatry and mental illness significantly worsens the quality of life of psychiatric patients. Negative prejudices in medical students make it difficult for future doctors to send patients to mental health services and promote an increased risk of premature death.AimsOur aim is to assess stigma towards mental illness and psychiatry in medical students, and to study the influence of real-world experiences, such as having visited a psychiatric ward, having personally met a psychiatric patient or having friends and/or family members who suffer from a mental illness.MethodsOne hundred and thirteen Italian medical students completed the following tests:– Attitudes Towards Psychiatry (ATP-30);– Community Attitudes Towards Mental Ill (CAMI);– Perceived Discrimination Devaluation Scale (PDD);– Baron-Cohen's Empathy Quotient (EQ).ResultsHaving visited a psychiatric ward correlates with a better attitude towards psychiatry (P = 0.008), rather than towards the mentally ill. Having personally known someone with mental disorders correlates with less stigmatizing scores in CAMI: total score (P = 0.002), authoritarianism (P < 0.001), benevolence (P = 0.047) and social restriction (P = 0.001). Similar results emerged in those who have close relationships with a psychiatric patient. There is no statistical significance as to empathy.ConclusionsThe students who have visited a psychiatric ward have a less stigmatizing vision of psychiatry, while having personally known psychiatric patients favors a less stigmatizing attitude towards them. Those who have not had this experience, have a more hostile and intolerant vision of mental illness, and consider psychiatric patients as inferior subjects that require coercive attitudes and that would be better to avoid because socially dangerous.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland – a unique and influential voice

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Colin McKay ◽  
Heather Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
History Of

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the unique and independent role of the Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the reader through the history of the Commission, its changing status, roles and responsibilities, its influence and impact, and current priorities. It is based on details of the Commission ' s development, narrative from current employees and published investigations and advice. Findings – The Mental Welfare Commission has advanced significantly since its original establishment. It plays a vital role in protecting the human rights of people in Scotland with learning disabilities and mental illness, by visiting those who are in receipt of care or treatment, investigating situations of concern, providing advice and guidance, monitoring the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 and Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act 2000 and shaping relevant policy and legislation. Originality/value – This paper provides an introduction to the work of the Commission, which will be of value to readers in Scotland and beyond. It illustrates its importance in preserving the rights of individuals with learning disabilities and mental illness in line with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and other legislation.

scholarly journals Emergent Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation in Acute Variceal Bleeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 003-013
Author(s):  
Mithil B. Pandhi ◽  
Andrew J. Kuei ◽  
Andrew J. Lipnik ◽  
Ron C. Gaba
Keyword(s):  
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt ◽  
Portosystemic Shunt ◽  
Pharmacologic Therapy ◽  
Variceal Hemorrhage ◽  
Gastroesophageal Varices ◽  
Portal Decompression ◽  
Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Tips

AbstractEmergent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation is most commonly employed in the setting of acute variceal hemorrhage. Given a propensity for decompensation, these patients often require a multidisciplinary, multimodal approach involving prompt diagnosis, pharmacologic therapy, and endoscopic intervention. While successful in the majority of cases, failure to medically control initial bleeding can prompt interventional radiology consultation for emergent portal decompression via TIPS creation. This article discusses TIPS creation in emergent, acute variceal hemorrhage, reviewing the natural history of gastroesophageal varices, presentation and diagnosis of acute variceal hemorrhage, pharmacologic therapy, endoscopic approaches, patient selection and risk stratification for TIPS, technical considerations for TIPS creation, adjunctive embolotherapy, and the role of salvage TIPS versus early TIPS in acute variceal hemorrhage.

People Never See Us Living Well: An Appraisal of the Personal Stories About Mental Illness in a Prospective Print Media Sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Nairn ◽  
J. H. Coverdale
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Living Well ◽  
Personal Strengths

Objective: Having found no discussions of self-depictions offered by psychiatric patients in the mass media we sought such items in a prospective national sample of print media and analysed how those speakers portrayed themselves. Method: As part of a larger study of media depictions of mental illnesses in print media all items with any mental health or illness aspect that appeared in a New Zealand publication over a four-week period were collected. The resulting collection of 600 items ranged from news briefs to full-page newspaper articles. From that set we selected and analysed items in which a person identified as having been a psychiatric patient or as having a mental disorder was either quoted by the reporter who had interviewed them, or personally described their experiences. Employing both propositional analyses and discourse analysis we explored how the speakers were positioned and identified patterns or themes in their construction of living with a mental illness. Results: Only five articles (0.8%) met our criteria for a person with a mental disorder being reported directly. In those items the journalists had positioned the speakers as credible, expert sources who, in representing their lives and experiences, drew on five clusters of resources, that we titled: Ordinariness/Living Well; Vulnerability; Stigma; Crisis; and Disorder/ Treatment. Ordinariness/Living Well foregrounded the role of personal strengths in living well and in overcoming adversity, particularly that associated with being stigmatized. We identified that theme as central to the ways in which these speakers depicted themselves as recognizably human and understandable. Conclusion: The findings are preliminary but these depictions are different from those reported by most researchers. Unlike those depictions, these speakers provided accessible and recognizably human self-portrayals. That finding intensifies our concern that most researchers appear to be unaware that these consumer voices are largely absent from mass media depictions of mental illnesses.

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