scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF THE ROOFING DESIGN ON HEAT STRESS IN DAIRY COW HOUSING

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Paolo Liberati
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Global Behaviour ◽  
Relevant Factors

A simulation model determining the heat flow exchange between housed animals and the roofing was developed considering various relevant factors: constructive materials, slope, height, orientation, latitude, external air temperature, solar load, animal position. Results show that the most important factor to reduce heat load is the insulation. For non-insulated roofing the slope and the orientation are the most relevant factors. Considering the total exchanged energy, the non insulated roof has a good nocturnal global behaviour.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT HOUSING SYSTEMS FOR COWS DURING HEAT STRESS

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-91
Author(s):  
O. O. Borshch ◽  
O. V. Borshch
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Ventilation Systems

The work aimed to study the effect of high temperatures on the comfort of keeping Holstein cows with different options for loose housing. The study of the effect of high temperatures on the comfort of keeping cows was carried out in the period from 02.07–12.07 2018 in the Kyiv region. Three farms were selected with loose cow housing systems and various options for the level of animal comfort. The first option is loose housing in an easy-to-collect room. The second option is loose keeping in an easily collectible room with fans and a water irrigation system. The third option is for walking and feeding grounds with sheds. During the daily observation period, the main indicators of the microclimate in the recreation area (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed), respiration rate, assessment of the severity of respiration and heat load indices were determined. The best performance among the studied housing technologies was recorded on a farm using irrigation and ventilation systems. During the period of the highest heat stress (12.00–16.00 h), the air temperature (Т) did not exceed 29.05±0.50 °С, the respiratory rate – 77.0±1.33 times/mins, the environmental stress index (ESI) – 39.07±0.14 °С, the heat load index (HLI) – 73.56±2.48. The lowest indices of the comfort of keeping were in an easily assembled room: T – 31.1±2.24 °C, respiratory rate – 82.0±1.80 times/min, ESI – 41.62±0.17 °C, HLI – 77.88±0.64. Intermediate indicators were for the content on the stern area: T – 30.3±2.31 °C, respiratory rate – 76.0±1.82 times/mins, ESI – 41.62±0.17 °C, HLI – 77.42±0.51. In all options for keeping cows, an increase in temperature to an average daily +27.7 °C became a significant stress factor that significantly influenced the dynamics of the respiration rate, the assessment of the severity of respiration, the value of ESI and HLI. It was found that for keeping cows in buildings using irrigation and ventilation systems, as well as on walking grounds, the indicators of the temperature-humidity index (THI), frequency and severity of respiration during the period of maximum temperature load (12.00–16.00 h) were lower than those for keeping in an easily assembled room.

scholarly journals On the Spatial Patterns of Urban Thermal Conditions Using Indoor and Outdoor Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Sadroddin Alavipanah ◽  
Dagmar Haase ◽  
Mohsen Makki ◽  
Mir Muhammad Nizamani ◽  
Salman Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Cold Spot ◽  
Temperature Pattern ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

The changing climate has introduced new and unique challenges and threats to humans and their environment. Urban dwellers in particular have suffered from increased levels of heat stress, and the situation is predicted to continue to worsen in the future. Attention toward urban climate change adaptation has increased more than ever before, but previous studies have focused on indoor and outdoor temperature patterns separately. The objective of this research is to assess the indoor and outdoor temperature patterns of different urban settlements. Remote sensing data, together with air temperature data collected with temperature data loggers, were used to analyze land surface temperature (outdoor temperature) and air temperature (indoor temperature). A hot and cold spot analysis was performed to identify the statistically significant clusters of high and low temperature data. The results showed a distinct temperature pattern across different residential units. Districts with dense urban settlements show a warmer outdoor temperature than do more sparsely developed districts. Dense urban settlements show cooler indoor temperatures during the day and night, while newly built districts show cooler outdoor temperatures during the warm season. Understanding indoor and outdoor temperature patterns simultaneously could help to better identify districts that are vulnerable to heat stress in each city. Recognizing vulnerable districts could minimize the impact of heat stress on inhabitants.

Capturing heat stress induced variability in spikelet sterility using panicle, leaf and air temperature under field conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendran Sathishraj ◽  
Raju Bheemanahalli ◽  
Mahendran Ramachandran ◽  
Michael Dingkuhn ◽  
Raveendran Muthurajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Spikelet Sterility

scholarly journals MAPPING DAIRY COW HEAT STRESS IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO—A COMMON GEOGRAPHIC PATTERN FROM 2010–2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. A4.3-A5 ◽  
Author(s):  
KE Bishop-Williams ◽  
O Berke ◽  
DL Pearl ◽  
DF Kelton
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Geographic Pattern ◽  
Southern Ontario

Using a Forest Stand Simulation Model to Examine the Ecological and Climatic Significance of the Late-Quaternary Pine-Spruce Pollen Zone in Eastern Virginia, U.S.A.

1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon B. Bonan ◽  
Bruce P. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation Models

AbstractFull-glacial pollen records from southeastern United States are composed primarily of pine and spruce, with lesser amounts of fir, birch, and oak. A simulation model of forest dynamics was used to reconstruct the composition and structure of these forests on the Delmarva Peninsula of Virginia, where pollen data were available to test the model, and climate and soils data were available to drive the model. Reconstructed annual precipitation and summer air temperature were consistent with modern analog estimates from the pollen record. Annual precipitation was also consistent with climates simulated by atmospheric general circulation models, but summers were colder. Correcting these simulated climates for possible errors resulted in summer air temperature consistent with our estimate. However, two alternative parameter sets relating simulated tree growth to air temperature sums precluded robust forest reconstructions. With one parameter set, the species dominating the simulated forests were not consistent with the pollen record. The other parameter set produced forests more consistent with paleoecological data, indicating that the climate was correct. These differences in simulated forest composition reflected inadequacies in the parameterization of air temperature effects in forest models.

An infrared-based coefficient to screen plant environmental stress: concept, test and applications

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Yu Qiu ◽  
Kenji Omasa ◽  
Sadanori Sase
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Crop Water Stress Index ◽  
Water Stress Index

By introducing a reference dry leaf (a leaf without transpiration), a formerly proposed plant transpiration transfer coefficient (hat) was applied to detect environmental stress caused by water shortage and high temperature on melon, tomato and lettuce plants under various conditions. Results showed that there were obvious differences between leaf temperature, dry reference leaf temperature and air temperature. The proposed coefficient hat could integrate the three temperatures and quantitatively evaluate the environmental stress of plants. Experimental results showed that the water stress of melon plants under two irrigation treatments was clearly distinguished by using the coefficient. The water stress of a tomato plant as the soil dried under a controlled environmental condition was sensitively detected by using hat. A linear relationship between hat and conventional crop water stress index was revealed with a regression determination coefficient R2 = 0.97. Further, hat was used to detect the heat stress of lettuce plants under high air temperature conditions (28.7°C) with three root temperature treatments (21.5, 25.9 and 29.5°C). The canopy temperature under these treatments was respectively 26.44, 27.15 and 27.46°C and the corresponding hat value was –1.11, –0.74 and –0.59. Heat stress was also sensitively detected using hat. The main advantage of hat is its simplicity for use in infrared applications.

Mapping rural community and dairy cow heat stress in Southern Ontario: A common geographic pattern from 2010 to 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Bishop-Williams ◽  
Olaf Berke ◽  
David L. Pearl ◽  
David F. Kelton
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Geographic Pattern ◽  
Southern Ontario
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