scholarly journals Engineering solutions applied to pneumatic drills to reduce losses of dust from dressed seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pochi ◽  
M. Biocca ◽  
G. Brannetti ◽  
R. Fanigliulo ◽  
P. Gallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Fixed Point ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Electrostatic Filter ◽  
Seed Distribution

Neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam) and fipronil for maize (Zea mays L.) seed dressing have been claimed to play a role in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) decline, since pneumatic precision drills used for sowing contribute to the dispersion of the abrasion dust produced by dressed seeds. The active ingredients (a.i.) can contaminate the environment and can lead to the exposure of operators and bystanders during sowing operations. To achieve a significant reduction of dust drift and to enhance the safety for the operators, CRA-ING studied and developed novel engineering solutions applicable to drills, based on an air-recycling/filtering system. In the first system, the air’s excess is forced outward through suitable filters placed on the modified lid of the seed hopper. It can be easily applied to commercial drills in use. The second system was specifically designed for new drills. It consists of a collector duct that receives the air expelled from the vacuum fan opening, creating constant pressure conditions. Part of the air is recycled into the seed hoppers, as the air in excess is directed outward through a single main filter. A third system, based on the second one, entails the use of an electrostatic filter to improve its efficiency. Moreover, to avoid the operator’s exposure to the dust during the seed loading, we show an integrated solution based on the use of a modified pre-charged plastic container that replace the drill’s hoppers. Preliminary tests ascertained the regular seed distribution with the drills equipped with the prototypes. Then, trials were carried out at fixed point and in field, for detecting the amounts of the drifted a.i., using commercial maize seed dressed with thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, clothianidin and fipronil. The test results show powder and a.i. drift reductions up to a maximum of 94.5% measured at ground level (with fipronil as a.i.) as a consequence of the use of the prototypes.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Desikan Abu Dan Lama Simpan Terhadap Kualitas Benih Jagung (Zea mays L.) Pada Penyimpanan Ruang Terbuka

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K Lesilolo ◽  
Jacob Patty ◽  
N. Tetty
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Growth Vigor

This study was aimed to determine the proper dose of ash desiccant on maize seed stored for 30, 60 and 90 days. The design used was a Completely Randomized Factorial Design, with two factors and three replications.  The first factor was desiccant dose (D) : Do = 0 % (control), D1 = 5 % (12.5 g of seed weight), D2 = 10% (25 g of seed weight), D3 = 15 % (37 g of seed weight), D4 = 20 % (50 %g of seed weight), D5 = 25 % (62.5 g of seed weight).  The second factor was length of storage (S) : S1 = 30 day storage, S2 = 60 day storage and S3 = 90 day storage. The result show that use of desiccant only gave effect on the water content of seeds (12.31 %) and speed of seed growth vigor parameters (24.84 %).  Use of desiccant in 90 day storage were able to maintain water content of seeds (12.43 %), seed germination viability parameter (100 %), and vigor of seeds, which consisted of seed growth simultaneity (66.77 %) and seed growth speed (28.71 %).  The interaction between the use off ash desiccant and the length of storage had no effect on  viability and vigor of maize (Zea mays L) seeds but had an effect on their water content after storage (12.73%).

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF B, K10, AND AR CHROMOSOMES ON THE RESISTANCE OF MAIZE TO VIRAL INFECTION

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
Scott C McGirr ◽  
J E Endrizzi
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Brome Mosaic Virus ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus ◽  
Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Leaf Necrosis

ABSTRACT Studies were conducted to determine if accessory (B) chromosomes, the abnormal tenth (K10) chromosome or the aberrant ratio (AR) phenomenon of maize (Zea mays L.) affect the resistance of the plants to viral infection. Genetically similar stocks of maize with and without these elements were compared to determine what effect they would have on the plants response to Brome Mosaic Virus (BMV), Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV), Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV) and Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus (BSMV).—The test results with BSMV were not found to be conclusive. With BMV and MDMV, neither the B orK10 chromosomes were found to alter infections; however, these chromosomes were found to affect the resistance of the plants to WSMV infection. The B chromosomes were found to delay the onset of leaf necrosis by 15%, while the K10 chromosome was found to increase the susceptibility to necrosis by 100%. The AR phenomenon was not found to alter the resistance of maize to BMV infection. However, it was found to increase the susceptibility of maize to MDMV infection by 36% and to decrease the susceptibility of maize to WSMV infection by 92%.

scholarly journals Spermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2421
Author(s):  
Canhong Gao ◽  
Mohamed S. Sheteiwy ◽  
Chen Lin ◽  
Yajing Guan ◽  
Zaid Ulhassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Doses

Chilling stress greatly inhibited the seed germination, plant growth, development and productivity in this study. The current research aimed to study the effects of different polyamine (PA) inhibitor combinations (Co), e.g., D-arginine (D-Arg), difluoromethylormithine (DFMO), aminoguanidine (Ag) and methylglyoxyl–bis-(guanyhydrazone) (MGBG) at different doses, i.e., 10 µM Co, 100 µM Co, 500 µM Co, 1000 µM Co and 1000 µM Co + 1 mM Spd (Spermidine) in two inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.), i.e., Mo17 and Huang C, a sensitive and tolerant chilling stress, respectively. The combination treatments of PA inhibitors reduced the biosynthesis of putrescine (Put) in the tissues of both studied inbred lines. Application with 500 µM Co and 1000 µM Co did not result in a significant difference in Put concentrations, except in the coleoptile of Mo17. However, combining Spd to 1000 μM of PA inhibitors enhanced the Put, Spd, spermine (Spm) and total PAs in the roots, coleoptile and mesocotyls. Put and total PAs were increased by 39.7% and 30.54%, respectively, when Spd + 1000 µM Co were applied relative to their controls. Chilling stress and PA inhibitors treatments affected both inbred lines and resulted in differences in the PA contents. Results showed that enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of PAs (ornithine decarboxylase as ODC and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase as SAMDC) were significantly downregulated by 1000 µM Co in the tissues of both inbred lines. In contrast, the activity of PAO, a Pas degradation enzyme, was significantly improved by 1000 µM Co under chilling stress. However, Spd + 1000 µM Co significantly improved the activities of ODC and SAMDC and their transcript levels (ODC and SAMDC2). While it significantly downregulated the PAO activity and their relative genes (PAO1, PAO2 and PAO3) under chilling stress. Overall, this study elucidates the specific roles of Spd on the pathway of PA inhibitors and PA biosynthesis metabolism in maize seed development in response to chilling stress. Moreover, the Huang C inbred line was more tolerant than Mo17, which was reflected by higher activities of PA biosynthesis-related enzymes and lower activities of PAs’ degradative-related enzymes in Huang C.

scholarly journals Uji Fisik Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Tongkol Jagung (Zay Mays L)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indri Kusuma Dewi ◽  
Mey Rachmawati ◽  
Fathiya Abdinnisa' Ma'rifah ◽  
Puspita Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Effect Method ◽  
Organoleptic Parameters

Abstract Background : Corn cobs have the potential to protect the skin, so far the research has only been limited to testing the extracts and has not been formed in a cosmetic preparation. Gel is a cosmetic preparation that is ideal for sunscreens because it is less oily, not sticky, soft, elegant, can form a layer of film that adheres well and protects the skin, and evaporation of water content creates a soothing and pleasant effect. Method: The method is used to determine the physical appearance of the gel with organoleptic parameters, homogeneity, dispersion and absorbency. Result: The purpose of this study was to determine the results of the physical test of sunscreen gel preparations from corn cobs extract (Zea mays L). Conclusion: The physical test results from the sunscreen gel extract of corn cobs extract (Zay Mays L.) had the results of organoleptic test, homogeneity test, spreadability test and adherence to the standard.

scholarly journals Effect of Artificial Detasseling and Defoliation on Maize Seed Production

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Paulo Czepak ◽  
Marcio Kliemann ◽  
Omar Schmildt ◽  
Rubens Neres Araujo ◽  
Vinicius de Souza Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Hybrid Corn ◽  
Central Lines ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Set Up

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of artificial detasseling and defoliation on the production of Pioneer 30F90 simple hybrid corn (Zea mays L.) seeds. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design, consisting of seven treatments (Control; detasseling; detasseling + defoliation of the top leaf; detasseling + defoliation of the two upper leaves; detasseling + defoliation of the three upper leaves; detasseling + defoliation of the upper four leaves; detasseling + defoliation of the upper five leaves), with 4 replicates. The plots were composed of 6 spaced rows of 0.90 cm by 6.00 m in length. At the time of the issue of 50% of the tassel were carried out the treatments. For the evaluations the two central lines of each plot were collected, eliminating 1.00 m from each end, totaling a useful area of 7.2 m². At harvest, the crop presented a final stand of 5 plants m² (50000 ha-1). According to the results obtained, it was concluded that the detasseling positively influenced the production components, due to the decrease of the auto-shading. The higher the level of defoliation, the lower the active photosynthetic area of the plant, and consequently the lower the productivity. The most affected production components in defoliation are grain numbers in the row, grain numbers in the ear and weight of 1000 grains. detasseling and defoliation do not interfere with the germination of corn seeds.

scholarly journals AKIBAT PEMANGKASAN TASEL DAN DAUN DI BAWAH TONGKOL TERHADAP PRODUKSI BIJI JAGUNG ( Zea mays, L )

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
surtinah
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Random Block Design

Seed maized have ability in piling up dry materials, but process thatdepended from result of photosynthesis conducted by leaf at the time of growth ofvegetative and also at the time of generative growth, its problem do tasel also playa part in conglomeration of dry materials to seed. Object of this research is to getmost precise maize crop organ clipping and give best maize seed production. Research conducted by using random block design in factorial; first factoris pruning of tasel which consist of 2 level that is clipped and do not be clipped.Second factor is leaf pruning under cob which consist of 3 level that is withoutprunned, pruning 3 piece of leaf, and pruning entire leaf. Continued test usedDNMRT at level 5 % parameter perceived is dry wight of cob / crop (g), weigh ofpipilan dry / crop (G). and wight 100 seed of pipilan dry / crop (g). Result of research indicated that pruning of tasel can improve dry wight ofcob / crop, weight of pipilan dry / crop, and wight 100 seed of pipilan dry

scholarly journals Isolasi dan Identifikasi Endomikoriza pada Perakaran Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) Dataran Sedang serta Perbanyakannya pada Tingkat Kadar Air Tanah Berbeda

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
NGAKAN MADE ADI WEDAGAMA ◽  
I MADE SUKEWIJAYA ◽  
NI LUH KARTINI ◽  
I NYOMAN RAI
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Very High

Isolation and Identification of Endomycorrhizal on Corn Root (Zea mays L.) at Medium Plain and its Propagation at Different Soil Water Level. Endomycorrhizal has several benefits that can increase the absorption of water and nutrients, protect plants from root pathogens and toxic elements, play a role in the improvement of soil structure, and increase the solubility of nutrients. The purpose of this research is to find out the types endomycorrhizal contained in the corn roots at medium plains in Gianyar Regency, and the influence of different soil water level to endomycorrhizal ability to reproduce spores. This research was conducted from September 2017 to February 2018. The method of the research includes exploration, isolation, identification, propagation of spores endomycorrhizal, and soil samples analysis. Isolation and identification result found 2 genus of spores endomycorrhizal that was Glomus and Acaulospora, with various spore amount and the level of infection endomycorrhizal was very high with percentage of 83.33-86.67%. Spores propagation test results showed that the highest percentage enhacement of spores endomycorrhizal amount was found in the third soil sampling location in soil water level of 40% field capacity treatment with percentage of 551.85%. The level of endomycorrhizal infections at the roots of all treatment of soil sampling location and soil water level were very high with percentage of 100%.

Excess Boron Reduces Polyphenol Oxidase Activities in Embryo and Endosperm of Maize Seed during Germination

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hülya Ölçer ◽  
İsmail Kocaçalışkan
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Maize Seeds

The effects of increasing concentrations of boron (0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 20 mм) as boric acid on the rate of germination and polyphenol oxidase activities in embryo and endosperm tissues of maize seeds (Zea mays L. cv. Arifiye) were studied. The germination percentage of maize seeds was not affected by boron concentrations up to 10 mм, and decreased by 20 mм. Distilled water and lower boron concentrations (0.1 and 1 mм) increased polyphenol oxidase activities at the beginning of germination up to 12 h whereas its excess levels (10 and 20 mм) decreased polyphenol oxidase activities in embryos and endosperm during germination. Polyphenol oxidase activities with o-diphenolic substrates (caffeic acid, catechol and dopa) were found to be higher than with a monophenolic substrat (tyrosine) in both embryos and endosperms. Further, caffeic acid oxidizing polyphenol oxidase was found to show more activity in embryos of the seeds germinating in distilled water when compared to other substrates.

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