Physiological changes in maize seed (Zea mays L.) quality associated with genotype, drying temperature and aging

Seed produced on three widely grown public corn (Zea mays L.) inbreds were tested for tolerance to drying injury. Inbred parents A632, B73, and Mo17 were grown in 1979 and 1980. The single cross H99 × H95 was used as a pollinator both years. Random ear samples were collected, to obtain ears with moisture percentages ranging from approximately 50 to 20%, and dried to 12% moisture at 35 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C, and 50 °C. Inbred parents were found to differ in tolerance to high drying temperatures. A632 was the most tolerant to high drying temperatures whereas B73 and Mo17 were relatively intolerant. Field performance of dried seed was similar to that observed in laboratory tests. Combined analyses yielded significant inbred-parent by harvest-moisture by drying-temperature interactions for germination and cold-test emergence percentages. These interactions do not allow for simple recommendations of safe harvest moistures and drying temperatures. Components from the combined analysis that had a P > F of 0.30 or less were then used to predict mean values for A632, B73, and Mo17 germination, cold-test emergence, seedling dry weight and the ratio of shoot to root dry weight. Values for the ratio variable indicated that root development is more susceptible to injury than is shoot development. These predicted values provide seed producers with information on the quality responses that they could expect when seed of A632, B73, or Mo17 is harvested at different moisture contents and dried at different drying temperatures.Key words: Drying, seed quality, Zea mays L.

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Cadmium Accumulation and Physiological Changes in Zea mays L.

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.281 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 281-284

Author(s):

Tong Bao

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Enzyme System ◽

Chlorophyll Concentration ◽

Cadmium Accumulation ◽

Oxidative Stress Response ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Cd Stress ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme System

Corn (Zea Mays L.) seedlings were in four cadmium (Cd) levels of 0-1mg/L in a hydroponic system to analyze the antioxidant enzyme system, Cd content in the shoots and roots, growth responces in the leaves of corn and phytosiderphore release. There was a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, chlorophyll concentration (Chl), shoot and root biomass and phytosiderphore release from Cd 0mg/L to 1mg/L. This indicated that Cd stress induced an oxidative stress response in corn seedlings, characterized by a decrease in activities of SOD and chl concentration. Root and shoot Cd contents of corn increased with their exposure Cd level, and the highest Cd concentration occurred in roots, followed by leaves.

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Penggunaan Desikan Abu Dan Lama Simpan Terhadap Kualitas Benih Jagung (Zea mays L.) Pada Penyimpanan Ruang Terbuka

Agrologia ◽

10.30598/a.v1i1.298 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. K Lesilolo ◽

Jacob Patty ◽

N. Tetty

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Water Content ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Growth Speed ◽

Maize Seed ◽

Seed Growth ◽

Two Factors ◽

Result Show ◽

Growth Vigor

This study was aimed to determine the proper dose of ash desiccant on maize seed stored for 30, 60 and 90 days. The design used was a Completely Randomized Factorial Design, with two factors and three replications. The first factor was desiccant dose (D) : Do = 0 % (control), D1 = 5 % (12.5 g of seed weight), D2 = 10% (25 g of seed weight), D3 = 15 % (37 g of seed weight), D4 = 20 % (50 %g of seed weight), D5 = 25 % (62.5 g of seed weight). The second factor was length of storage (S) : S1 = 30 day storage, S2 = 60 day storage and S3 = 90 day storage. The result show that use of desiccant only gave effect on the water content of seeds (12.31 %) and speed of seed growth vigor parameters (24.84 %). Use of desiccant in 90 day storage were able to maintain water content of seeds (12.43 %), seed germination viability parameter (100 %), and vigor of seeds, which consisted of seed growth simultaneity (66.77 %) and seed growth speed (28.71 %). The interaction between the use off ash desiccant and the length of storage had no effect on viability and vigor of maize (Zea mays L) seeds but had an effect on their water content after storage (12.73%).

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Spermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10112421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2421

Author(s):

Canhong Gao ◽

Mohamed S. Sheteiwy ◽

Chen Lin ◽

Yajing Guan ◽

Zaid Ulhassan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Chilling Stress ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Maize Seed ◽

Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase ◽

Combination Treatments ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Doses

Chilling stress greatly inhibited the seed germination, plant growth, development and productivity in this study. The current research aimed to study the effects of different polyamine (PA) inhibitor combinations (Co), e.g., D-arginine (D-Arg), difluoromethylormithine (DFMO), aminoguanidine (Ag) and methylglyoxyl–bis-(guanyhydrazone) (MGBG) at different doses, i.e., 10 µM Co, 100 µM Co, 500 µM Co, 1000 µM Co and 1000 µM Co + 1 mM Spd (Spermidine) in two inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.), i.e., Mo17 and Huang C, a sensitive and tolerant chilling stress, respectively. The combination treatments of PA inhibitors reduced the biosynthesis of putrescine (Put) in the tissues of both studied inbred lines. Application with 500 µM Co and 1000 µM Co did not result in a significant difference in Put concentrations, except in the coleoptile of Mo17. However, combining Spd to 1000 μM of PA inhibitors enhanced the Put, Spd, spermine (Spm) and total PAs in the roots, coleoptile and mesocotyls. Put and total PAs were increased by 39.7% and 30.54%, respectively, when Spd + 1000 µM Co were applied relative to their controls. Chilling stress and PA inhibitors treatments affected both inbred lines and resulted in differences in the PA contents. Results showed that enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of PAs (ornithine decarboxylase as ODC and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase as SAMDC) were significantly downregulated by 1000 µM Co in the tissues of both inbred lines. In contrast, the activity of PAO, a Pas degradation enzyme, was significantly improved by 1000 µM Co under chilling stress. However, Spd + 1000 µM Co significantly improved the activities of ODC and SAMDC and their transcript levels (ODC and SAMDC2). While it significantly downregulated the PAO activity and their relative genes (PAO1, PAO2 and PAO3) under chilling stress. Overall, this study elucidates the specific roles of Spd on the pathway of PA inhibitors and PA biosynthesis metabolism in maize seed development in response to chilling stress. Moreover, the Huang C inbred line was more tolerant than Mo17, which was reflected by higher activities of PA biosynthesis-related enzymes and lower activities of PAs’ degradative-related enzymes in Huang C.

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Management of Early Harvesting Time and Drying Temperature on Maize (Zea mays L.) Seeds Storability and Seeds Vigor

Asian Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.3923/ajps.2021.555.559 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 555-559

Author(s):

Natthida Trakunpais ◽

Pitipong Thobunluep ◽

Sutkhet Nakasathie ◽

Sukumarn Lertmongko ◽

Damrongvudhi Onwimol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Drying Temperature ◽

Harvesting Time

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PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF DRYING TEMPERATURES ON CORN SEED QUALITY

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps84-072 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 497-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

NADER SEYEDIN ◽

JOSEPH S. BURRIS ◽

THOMAS E. FLYNN

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Zea Mays ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Embryonic Axis ◽

Percentage Germination ◽

Drying Process ◽

Drying Temperature ◽

Corn Seed ◽

Hydrolysis Of

The effects of drying temperatures on certain physiological parameters associated with germination of corn (Zea mays L.) seed were determined on two commonly grown inbreds. Seed produced on both maternal inbreds Mo17 (intolerant of high drying temperatures) and A632 (relatively tolerant) leached significantly more sugars into water when dried at 50 °C than at 35 °C. Leaching was most pronounced during the first hour. Electrical conductivity of leachate from maternal inbreds Mo17 and A632 was greater for seed dried at 50 °C than at 35 °C. Seedlings grown from embryos of the maternal inbred Mo17 seed dried at 50 °C had significantly lower shoot and root dry weights and percentage germination than did seedlings grown from embryos of Mo17 seed dried at 35 °C. Histochemical light microscopy of Mo17 and A632 embryos showed that the number of starch grains in the embryonic axis was substantially reduced by the high drying temperature. Embryos from Mo17 seed dried at 50 °C contained a carotenogenic pigment. Almost none of this pigment was produced by A632. Our results suggest that the high drying temperature may result in hydrolysis of starch in the embryonic axis of the seed during the early stages of the drying process. The greater electrical conductivity of leachate from seed dried at 50 °C than those dried at 35 °C may be indicative of membrane damage.Key words: Seed drying, histochemistry, embryo, culture, membrane, Zea mays L.

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Engineering solutions applied to pneumatic drills to reduce losses of dust from dressed seeds

Journal of Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.4081/jae.2013.376 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (2s) ◽

Author(s):

D. Pochi ◽

M. Biocca ◽

G. Brannetti ◽

R. Fanigliulo ◽

P. Gallo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Fixed Point ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Constant Pressure ◽

Ground Level ◽

Test Results ◽

Maize Seed ◽

Plastic Container ◽

Electrostatic Filter ◽

Seed Distribution

Neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam) and fipronil for maize (Zea mays L.) seed dressing have been claimed to play a role in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) decline, since pneumatic precision drills used for sowing contribute to the dispersion of the abrasion dust produced by dressed seeds. The active ingredients (a.i.) can contaminate the environment and can lead to the exposure of operators and bystanders during sowing operations. To achieve a significant reduction of dust drift and to enhance the safety for the operators, CRA-ING studied and developed novel engineering solutions applicable to drills, based on an air-recycling/filtering system. In the first system, the air’s excess is forced outward through suitable filters placed on the modified lid of the seed hopper. It can be easily applied to commercial drills in use. The second system was specifically designed for new drills. It consists of a collector duct that receives the air expelled from the vacuum fan opening, creating constant pressure conditions. Part of the air is recycled into the seed hoppers, as the air in excess is directed outward through a single main filter. A third system, based on the second one, entails the use of an electrostatic filter to improve its efficiency. Moreover, to avoid the operator’s exposure to the dust during the seed loading, we show an integrated solution based on the use of a modified pre-charged plastic container that replace the drill’s hoppers. Preliminary tests ascertained the regular seed distribution with the drills equipped with the prototypes. Then, trials were carried out at fixed point and in field, for detecting the amounts of the drifted a.i., using commercial maize seed dressed with thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, clothianidin and fipronil. The test results show powder and a.i. drift reductions up to a maximum of 94.5% measured at ground level (with fipronil as a.i.) as a consequence of the use of the prototypes.

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Effect of Artificial Detasseling and Defoliation on Maize Seed Production

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2019/v28i430114 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marcio Paulo Czepak ◽

Marcio Kliemann ◽

Omar Schmildt ◽

Rubens Neres Araujo ◽

Vinicius de Souza Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Seed Production ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Block Design ◽

Maize Seed ◽

Hybrid Corn ◽

Central Lines ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Set Up

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of artificial detasseling and defoliation on the production of Pioneer 30F90 simple hybrid corn (Zea mays L.) seeds. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design, consisting of seven treatments (Control; detasseling; detasseling + defoliation of the top leaf; detasseling + defoliation of the two upper leaves; detasseling + defoliation of the three upper leaves; detasseling + defoliation of the upper four leaves; detasseling + defoliation of the upper five leaves), with 4 replicates. The plots were composed of 6 spaced rows of 0.90 cm by 6.00 m in length. At the time of the issue of 50% of the tassel were carried out the treatments. For the evaluations the two central lines of each plot were collected, eliminating 1.00 m from each end, totaling a useful area of 7.2 m². At harvest, the crop presented a final stand of 5 plants m² (50000 ha-1). According to the results obtained, it was concluded that the detasseling positively influenced the production components, due to the decrease of the auto-shading. The higher the level of defoliation, the lower the active photosynthetic area of the plant, and consequently the lower the productivity. The most affected production components in defoliation are grain numbers in the row, grain numbers in the ear and weight of 1000 grains. detasseling and defoliation do not interfere with the germination of corn seeds.

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EFFECT OF DRYING RATE AND TEMPERATURE ON DRYING INJURY OF CORN SEED

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps89-092 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 763-774 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

ULRICH HERTER ◽

JOSEPH S. BURRIS

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Drying Rate ◽

Drying Temperature ◽

Corn Seed ◽

Seed Deterioration ◽

Low Humidity ◽

Excised Embryos

Seed injury has frequently occurred during the drying of corn Zea mays L. seed. This study was conducted to define the effects of drying temperature and drying rate on seed quality. Shelled samples were not injured when dried at 35 °C, even though they dried more rapidly than ear samples at 50 °C. However, shelled seed samples lost viability much more rapidly than ear samples when dried at 50 °C. Drying seed at 50 °C and elevated humidity versus low humidity reduced drying rate and slowed seed deterioration but did not eliminate it. Both temperature and drying rate are factors in drying injury. Excised embryos dried at 22–50 °C germinated well even though they dried at rates up to 40% per hour. Rapid drying may have rendered proteins tolerant to heat before injury occurred.Key words: Drying, temperature, injury, corn, seed, quality

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