scholarly journals La deontología médica desde la tradición hipocrática al Cristianismo

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Herranz Rodríguez

L’obiettivo fondamentale di questo articolo è quello di confrontare due versioni del giuramento di Ippocrate: quello famoso pagano e il “Giuramento secondo Ippocrate per come dovrebbe essere prestato da un cristiano”, pressocché sconosciuto. L’atteggiamento dei primi cristiani verso la medicina è stata guidata dalla loro memoria viva di Gesù, che, come guaritore e consolatore, non ha mai negato il suo aiuto ai malati, non solo ebrei, ma anche samaritani o pagani. I primi medici cristiani, di conseguenza, non ponevamo i pazienti in una posizione preferenziale, e quindi erano in grado di sviluppare una sintesi specifica di abilità professionale, di amore fraterno e il senso salvifico della sofferenza. Essi hanno risposto alla malattia umana non con esorcismi e magia, ma con la medicina e con un’etica medica sorprendentemente “moderna”. La versione cristiana del Giuramento presenta, nonostante l’accoglienza alla lettera di molti principi del giuramento pagano, alcune novità rivoluzionarie. La sostituzione nel giuramento alle divinità pagane con l’invocazione a Dio Padre e la dichiarazione di “non mentire” pone la nuova formula in una prospettiva di trascendenza e l’eternità. L’alleanza tra maestro e discepolo con l’aggiunta dei propri doveri di aiuti finanziari e dipendenza pratica si è mutata in un aperto riconoscimento del reciproco rispetto tra insegnante e studente. Nel nuovo contesto, l’essere posseduti da una forte vocazione professionale, diventa l’unico requisito per l’accesso all’apprendimento dell’arte medica. Ora la lealtà verso il paziente ha la precedenza sulla sottomissione al maestro: il corporativismo medico è bandito. La versione cristiana omette anche la la “clausola chirurgica”, così che le vecchie barriere alla pari dignità di tutte le specialità mediche sono state rimosse. In considerazione di questi e di altri valori del Giuramento cristiano, l’autore si rammarica della quasi universale ignoranza di questo importante documento, e della scarsità di studi dedicato alla sua storia e ai suoi contenuti. Il confronto delle due versioni, pagana e cristiana, aiuta a comprendere l’impatto emotivo e permanente che i medici cristiani dell’antichità hanno determinato all’etica della medicina. ---------- The basic aim of this article is to compare two versions of the Hippocratic Oath: the famous pagan one and the almost unknown “Oath according to Hippocrates in so far as a Christian may swear it”. The attitude of early Christians toward medicine was guided by their lively remembrance of Jesus, who, as healer and comforter, never denied his help to the sick, not only Jews, but also Samaritans or Pagans. Early Christian physicians, in consequence, placed patients without discrimination in a preferential position, and so they were able to develop a specific synthesis of professional prowess, brotherly love and a redemptive sense of suffering. They responded to human disease not with exorcisms or magic, but with medicine and with a surprisingly “modern” medical ethics. The Christian version of the Oath introduces, despite its literal acceptance of many tenets of the Pagan Oath, some revolutionary novelties. The substitution of the swearing by the pagan deities for the invocation to God the Father and the declaration “I lie not” places the new formula in a perspective of transcendence and eternity. The old covenant between master and disciple with its added duties of financial help and practice dependence is changed to an open recognition of mutual respect between teacher and student. In the new circumstances, to be possessed by a strong professional calling becomes the only requirement for access to the medical art’s learning. Now loyalty to the patient takes precedence over submissiveness to the master: medical corporativism is banished. The Christian version omits also the “surgery clause”, so the old barriers to the equal dignity of all medical specialties are removed. In view of these and other values of the Christian Oath, the author regrets the almost universal ignorance surrounding this important document, and the scarcity of studies devoted to its history and contents. All the same, the comparison of both versions, Pagan and Christian, of the Oath helps to understand the impressive and permanent impact that Christian physicians of the Antiquity brought about to the ethics of medicine.

2022 ◽  
Vol 99 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 409-413
Author(s):  
P. E. Krynyukov ◽  
V. B. Simonenko ◽  
V. G. Abashin ◽  
G. R. Musailov

The article deals with the history of the origin of Hippocratic Oath, the main issues of professional medical (medical) ethics (bioethics) from the standpoint of modern trends in the development of medicine: euthanasia, induced abortion, gender relations and transgender transition.


1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren-Zong Qiu

Chinese medicine has a history of at least 2,000 years. The first explicit literature on medical ethics did not appear until the seventh century when a physician named Sun Simiao wrote a famous treatise titled “On the Absolute Sincerity of Great Physicians” in his work The Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Pieces of Gold. In this treatise, later called The Chinese Hippocratic Oath, Sun Simiao required the physician to develop first a sense of compassion and piety, and then to make a commitment to try to save every living creature, to treat every patient on equal grounds, and to avoid seeking wealth because of his expertise.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiser Mahmood

Medical ethics has a very long history and it investigates ethical issues arising in medicine and health care provision by applying the principles of moral philosophy. The ancient ethical codes were often expressed in the form of oaths. The best known medical oath in the western tradition is the Oath of Hippocrates and often regarded as the very foundation of Western medical ethics. The Hippocratic School produced a large body of writings on medicine, science and ethics. In the ensuing centuries the principles of Christian humanism dominated the practice of medicine. Towards the end of 18th century the role of physicians in dealing with disease in individuals as well as population groups led to the drafting codes of professional conduct. Changing attitudes of society and the major advances in medical science at the beginning of the 20th centuries led to recognition of the need for modification of the Hippocratic Oath. This need was met by the Declaration of Geneva, formulated by the World Medical Association in 1947, supplemented by Declaration on particular aspects of medical ethics. Now, the advanced medical technologies or revolutionary developments in the biomedical sciences as well as in clinical medicine and its communication to the public has led to a growing need for the medical professional to be fully aware of society`s views on various developments. This, no doubt, enables ethical guidelines to reflect and safeguard the interests and wellbeing of patients.


1972 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Veatch

From the first, professional ethics has been a hybrid. The Hippocratic Oath exudes that ambiguity. The scientific enterprise, which basically has universalistic tendencies, created a group with special knowledge and interests; eventually it took on a separate identity as a profession. Concern for the ethical point of view, which has the universalizability of normative statements as its foundation, is particularized by focusing on a specialized body of knowledge of a restricted professional group.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James F Welles

Although nobody much reads the original Hippocratic Oath any more, it is essentially a commitment to keeping trade secrets. The modern version focuses on not taking advantage of patients sexually while providing medical care directed toward their health and well-being. Unfortunately, it does not address the current, rampant corruption of financial abuse which the insurance industry imposes on American physicians. How many time a day does a doctor provide services which are not necessary for the patient’s health?.


2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois Shepherd

The AHP Code of Ethics requires members to serve the best interests of their clients, be clear and honest with them, and keep their secrets confidential. Members pledge to represent their skills and qualifications honestly and to make appropriate referrals to others more qualified when out of their depth. AHP stands for “Associated Hair Professionals,” or hair stylists, but their Code of Ethics looks a lot like the Hippocratic Oath and the current Principles of Medical Ethics of the American Medical Association. All of these ethics statements emphasize honesty, confidentiality, competence, serving patients’ (or clients’) best interests, and willingness to refer to other qualified professionals. But it’s not just doctors and hair professionals who have Codes of Ethics. The SPCP — Society of Permanent Cosmetic Professionals —requires its members to “maintain high professional standards consistent with sound practices,” “conduct business relationships in a manner that is fair to all,” and avoid false or misleading statements to the effect that the application of permanent makeup is not tattooing, not permanent, and not painful. (Physicians might consider that last point — I’m grateful for the time my doctor once warned me, “This is really going to hurt.”)


Author(s):  
Dr. Carolina Diamandis ◽  
The IAAT Ethics in Medicine Working Group

Medicine has always reflected the behavior of its practitioners. It can look back on an impressive history with the Hippocratic Oath, which is approximately 2000 to 2500 years old. But despite this history, the question remains why there should be medical ethics or whether it is not sufficient to demand morally of a physician what is to be demanded of every citizen anyway. A paper by the “Ethics in Medicine Working Group“ of the International Association of Therapists & Medical Doctors (IAAT).


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