Medical Ethics: Professional or Universal?

1972 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Veatch

From the first, professional ethics has been a hybrid. The Hippocratic Oath exudes that ambiguity. The scientific enterprise, which basically has universalistic tendencies, created a group with special knowledge and interests; eventually it took on a separate identity as a profession. Concern for the ethical point of view, which has the universalizability of normative statements as its foundation, is particularized by focusing on a specialized body of knowledge of a restricted professional group.

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Van Wyk

It surely is not an overstatement to say that the first successful cloning of a sheep in 1997 in Scotland can be described as a Copernican revolution - not only in medical ethics but also in man's world view. The question thus arises how long it will eventually take before a human being will be cloned This issue, however, foregrounds the ethical concern of whether a process that scientifically can be implemented and a result that can be achieved always ought to be executed Ofcourse there are many pro's as far as the cloning of a human being is concerned, but what about the con's? Focusing on this specific issue, it is attempted to find a provisional answer from a theological-ethical point of view.


Author(s):  
Cicero Jerônimo dos Santos ◽  
José Fernandes Baleeiro

Nos últimos anos tem se abordado com frequência a humanização na prática dos profissionais de saúde. Isto nos remete a refletir sobre vários aspectos que cercam nossa profissão, a assistência ao paciente crítico e os princípios éticos regem a prática destes profissionais. Este trabalho teve como principais objetivos, discorrer sobre a prática atual da assistência em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e abordar e refletir acerca da ética profissional aplicada assistência em unidade de terapia intensiva. Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa de levantamento bibliográfico, as fontes de dados utilizadas foram: BVS, SciELO, MEDLINE. O profissional atua em UTI com paciente crítico deve programar o cuidado de maneira eficiente, eficaz, ética e humanizada e ainda ser capaz de administrar todas as interfaces da assistência ao indivíduo. A equipe multiprofissional deverá focar sua atenção paciente como um todo, de modo a resgatar sua dignidade transmitindo-lhe segurança e confiança.Descritores: Visão do Enfermeiro, Ética Profissional, Paciente Crítico. The vision of nurses on the ethical point of view in critical patients in ICUAbstract: In recent years he has been frequently discussed in the humanization of health practice. This leads us to reflect on various aspects surrounding our profession, critical patient care and ethical principles governing the practice of these professionals. This work had as main objectives, discuss the current practice of care in the intensive care unit and to address and reflect on professional ethics applied to assist in the intensive care unit. This is a qualitative study of literature, the data sources used were: VHL, Scielo and Medline. The professional acts in the ICU with critical patient care must implement efficiently, effective, humane and ethical and still be able to manage all interfaces of care to the individual. The multidisciplinary team should focus their attention patient as a whole, in order to rescue their dignity by sending it safely and confidently.Descriptors: Vision of the Nurse, Professional Ethics, Critical Patient. La visión de los enfermeiros em el punto de vista etico em los pacientes críticos em UCIResumen: En los pasados años se ha discutido con frecuencia en la humanización de la práctica de la salud. Esto nos lleva a reflexionar sobre distintos aspectos de nuestra profesión, la atención al paciente crítico y los principios éticos que rigen la práctica de estos profesionales. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivos principales, analizar la práctica actual de la atención en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y para abordar y reflexionar sobre la ética profesional y prestar asistencia en la UCI. Este es un estudio cualitativo de la literatura, las fuentes de datos utilizadas fueron: BVS, Scielo y Medline. Los actos profesionales en la UCI con el cuidado del paciente crítico deben implementar de manera eficiente, eficaz, humana y ética, y aun así ser capaz de manejar todas las interfaces de la atención al individuo. El equipo multidisciplinario debe centrarse la atención de su paciente como un todo, con el fin de rescatar su dignidad mediante el envío de forma segura y con confianza.Descriptores: Visión de lo Enfermero, Ética Profesional, Paciente Crítico.


2018 ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Beca

ResumenEl trabajo analiza el curso Ética Profesional en la carrera de Derecho en la Universidad Católica de Temuco. Examina la forma como se abordaba la ética profesional antes de la creación del curso, y lo que ha ocurrido con él a través de sucesivos cambios curriculares y la introducción del modelo por competencias. El curso aporta al sello identitario, mediante un enfoque multidisciplinario. El curso ha vinculado teoría y práctica, desde que comenzó a implementarse, hasta llegar actualmente a comprenderlo en la lógica de competencias. Esta mirada implica formar a los estudiantes para resolver dilemas éticos, lo que se hace mediante la metodología del ver–juzgar–actuar. Esta metodología de discernimiento es propia de la tradicióncatólica, pero se usa en este contexto sin un cariz religioso. El método en cuestión permite ir educando la autonomía a fn de tomar decisiones. Se analiza la importancia de contextualizar la enseñanza ética y la forma como esto se ha hecho en el curso. Finalmente se aborda la relevancia de formar la conciencia ética de los estudiantes.Palabras clave: Experiencia de enseñanza – Ética profesional –Método de discernimient.ResumoO artigo analisa o curso de Ética Profssional na Escola de Direito na Universidade Católica de Temuco. Examina a forma de como abordar a ética profssional antes da criação do curso, e o que tem acontecido com ele através de sucessivas mudanças curriculares e a introdução do modelo de competências. O curso aporta ao selo de identidade, através de uma abordagem multidisciplinar. O curso tem ligado teoria e prática, desde que começou a se programar até chegar atualmente a compreendê-lo na lógica de competência. Este olhar implica formar aos estudantes para resolver dilemas éticos, o que é feito pela metodologia do ver-julgar-agir. Este método de discernimento é próprio da tradição Católica, mas é usado neste contexto, sem um aspecto religioso. O método em questão permite ir educando na autonomia com a fnalidade de tomar decisões. Analisa-se a importância de contextualizar o ensino da ética e a forma como isso tem sido feito no curso. Finalmente se aborda a relevância de formar consciência ética dos estudantes.Palavras-chave: Experiência de ensino - Ética Profssional - Método de discernimento.AbstractThis paper analyses the Professional Ethics course at the School of Law of Universidad Católica de Temuco. It reviews the way in which ethics was addressed before the course was created, and what has happened with it through the subsequent curricular changes and the implementation of a competency based model. The course contributes to the seal of identity through a multidisciplinary approach. Theory and practice have been progressively bound together since the course was introduced, to reach a point, nowadays, in which the course is understood within the logic of competencies. This point of view implies educating students for solving ethical dilemmas, which is done through the see–judge–act methodology. This discernment methodology belongs to the Roman Catholic tradition, but is used in this context without its religious complexion. This method allows educating autonomy in order to make decisions. It also analyses the importance of contextualizing ethics education and the way in which this has been done in the course. Finally, it addresses the relevance ofcreating an ethical consciousness of the students.Keywords: Teaching experience – Professional Ethics – Discernment method


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Schröder-Bäck ◽  
T Schloemer ◽  
K Martakis ◽  
C Brall

Abstract Background The outbreak of SARS in 2002 lead to a public health ethics discourse. The crisis management of that time was ethically analysed and lessons to be learned discussed. Scholarship and WHO, among others, developed an ethics of pandemic preparedness. The current “corona crisis” also faces us with ethical challenges. This presentation is comparing the two crises from an ethical point of view and a focus on Europe. Methods An ethics framework for pandemic preparedness (Schröder et al. 2006 and Schröder-Bäck 2014) is used to make a synopsis of ethical issues. Ethical aspects of 2002 and 2020 that were discussed in the literature and in the media are compared. For 2020, the focus is on interventions in Italy, Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. Results Topics that emerged from the 2002 crisis were, among others, revolving around aspects of stigmatisation and fair distribution of scarce resources (esp. vaccines, antivirals). Currently, most urgent and ethically challenging aspects relate to social distancing vs. autonomy: Isolation and quarantine are handled differently across Europe and the EU. Questions of transferability of such interventions prevail. Contexts vary vertically over time (2002 vs. 2020) and horizontally (e.g. between Italy and Germany at the same time). Furthermore, trust in authorities, media and health information is a key issue. Conclusions Ethical aspects are key for good pandemic preparedness and management. The context of the crises between 2002 and 2020 has slightly changed, also based on “lessons learned” from 2002. This has implications on ethical issues that are being discussed. New lessons will have to be learned from the 2020 crisis. Key messages Pandemic preparedness and outbreak management entail many ethical tensions that need to be addressed. Currently, questions of trust and transferability are key to the crisis management, further ethical issues could still emerge.


Philosophy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Moore

The author begins with an outline of Bernard William's moral philosophy, within which he locates William's notorious doctrine that reflection can destroy ethical knowledge. He then gives a partial defence of this doctrine, exploiting an analogy between ethical judgements and tensed judgements. The basic idea is that what the passage of time does for the latter, reflection can do for the former: namely, prevent the re-adoption of an abandoned point of view (an ethical point of view in the one case, a temporal point of view in the other). In the final section the author says a little about how reflection might do this.


2022 ◽  
Vol 99 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 409-413
Author(s):  
P. E. Krynyukov ◽  
V. B. Simonenko ◽  
V. G. Abashin ◽  
G. R. Musailov

The article deals with the history of the origin of Hippocratic Oath, the main issues of professional medical (medical) ethics (bioethics) from the standpoint of modern trends in the development of medicine: euthanasia, induced abortion, gender relations and transgender transition.


Bioderecho.es ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria María González Suárez

Con motivo de la situación actual a la que nos enfrentamos por la pandemia de la COVID-19 se ha planteado en diversas ocasiones la implantación de un certificado verde digital. El 17 de marzo de 2021 la Comisión Europea presentó una propuesta de creación del certificado con el fin de facilitar el ejercicio del derecho a la libre circulación dentro de la Unión Europea durante la pandemia. Todo ello plantea diversas cuestiones jurídicas en cuanto a la protección de datos sanitarios, el derecho a la libre circulación y la eficacia y proporcionalidad de medidas que deben ser objeto de análisis tanto desde el punto de vista jurídico como del punto de vista ético ya que, en ciertas ocasiones la aplicación de medidas puede afectar al derecho a la igualdad de los ciudadanos. Due to the current situation we are facing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the implementation of a digital green certificate has been proposed on several occasions. On March 17, 2021, the European Commission presented a proposal to create the certificate in order to facilitate the exercise of the right of free movement within the European Union during the pandemic. All this raises various legal questions regarding the protection of health data, the right of free movement and the efficacy and proportionality of measures that must be analyzed from both the legal and ethical point of view since, on certain occasions the application of measures may affect the right of equality of citizens.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
AGNIESZKA ŻOK ◽  
EWA BAUM

Human dreams of a long and healthy life are becoming increasingly real. The advancement of medical technology allows to modify the genome or personalised therapy in order to avoid troublesome side effects. This process also leads to the blurring of boundaries between humans and animals. Rats with induced human diseases are used for testing drugs for incurable illness; humanised pigs can donate organs that are compatible with the genome and immune system of the recipient. A brave new human is approaching, and new “human” animals are making this possible. The main objective of the article is to show the differences between the refinement of people and other animals and to analyse this phenomenon from an ethical point of view.


2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio P. Faggioni

Fra le patologie della gravidanza la corioamnionite e la preeclampsia rappresentano situazioni difficili sia dal punto di vista clinico sia dal punto di vista etico. L’articolo affronta con particolare attenzione il problema dell’anticipazione del parto prima che il feto abbia raggiunto la soglia della viabilità. Vengono esaminate le posizioni principali della Tradizione cattolica e le risposte a specifici quesiti date dal Sant’Uffizio tra la fine del XIX secolo e l’inizio del XX. L’Autore ritiene che l’applicazione del principio del duplice effetto a queste situazioni non sia del tutto convincente e propone una soluzione alternativa nella individuazione del solo bene possibile. ---------- Chorioamnionitis and preeclampsy represent difficult situations among pregnancy pathologies both from a clinical and from an ethical point of view. The article treats with particular attention the issue of induced preterm parturition before fetus has reached the threshold of viability. The main positions of the Catholic Tradition and the answers given by the Holy Office at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th are examined. The author believes that the application of the principle of double effect to such situations is non completely convincing and he proposes as an alternative solution the identification of the only possible good.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document