scholarly journals Informed consent and medical ethics

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiser Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Hippocratic Oath ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Ethical Guidelines

Medical ethics has a very long history and it investigates ethical issues arising in medicine and health care provision by applying the principles of moral philosophy. The ancient ethical codes were often expressed in the form of oaths. The best known medical oath in the western tradition is the Oath of Hippocrates and often regarded as the very foundation of Western medical ethics. The Hippocratic School produced a large body of writings on medicine, science and ethics. In the ensuing centuries the principles of Christian humanism dominated the practice of medicine. Towards the end of 18th century the role of physicians in dealing with disease in individuals as well as population groups led to the drafting codes of professional conduct. Changing attitudes of society and the major advances in medical science at the beginning of the 20th centuries led to recognition of the need for modification of the Hippocratic Oath. This need was met by the Declaration of Geneva, formulated by the World Medical Association in 1947, supplemented by Declaration on particular aspects of medical ethics. Now, the advanced medical technologies or revolutionary developments in the biomedical sciences as well as in clinical medicine and its communication to the public has led to a growing need for the medical professional to be fully aware of society`s views on various developments. This, no doubt, enables ethical guidelines to reflect and safeguard the interests and wellbeing of patients.

Oxford Handbook of Medical Ethics and Law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Smajdor ◽  
Jonathan Herring ◽  
Robert Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Critical Reasoning ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
The Law

The Oxford Handbook of Medical Ethics and law provides a practical and accessible guide to the legal and ethical issues which a medical professional might face. It explains the major ethical theories - consequentialism, deontology, virtue ethics and principlism -and presents a method for moral decision-making, based on the application of theory and critical reasoning. The books sets out the key legal principles governing medical practice including the obtaining of consent; the law of negligence; the principles of confidentiality; the law on organ donation; and the legal regulation of end of life. The book goes on to present a number of ‘real life’ situations in which the ethical and legal principles are applied in a concrete and clear way. The book also contains extracts from the key legislation governing the practice of medicine.

scholarly journals Basic ideas on medical ethics

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
MHK Talukder ◽  
R Nazneen ◽  
MZ Hossain ◽  
IJ Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Death Sentence ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Basic Ideas

Introduction: Medical ethics means the moral principles, which should guide the members of the medical profession in the course of their practice of medicine and in relationship with their patients and other members of the profession. Objective: To recapitulate the matter to the medical practitioners so that they can apply them in course of their practice. Methodology: A search focused on the basic terminologies on medical ethics was made in Medline, PubMed and Cochrane database. The search captured citation on history of medical ethics. Both advances in medical ethics and advances in medicine and science with ethical ramifications were included. The topics span clinical medicine (end of life care and medical error), healthcare management (priority setting), science (biotechnology), and education (of medical ethics). Discussion & Conclusion: Core issues in in medical ethics: Autonomy, beneficence, non-malfeasance, justice – dignity, truthfulness and honesty. Different terms in the Field of Medical Ethics: Medical Etiquette, Professional infamous conduct, Professional death sentence, Professional secrecy, A physician should not commit any negligence or mal-practice. Islamic Medical Ethics: A Muslim physician derives his /her conclusion from rules of Islamic laws (Shariah). The goal of medical ethics is to improve the quality of patient care by identifying, analyzing, and attempting to resolve the ethical problems that arise in the practice of clinical medicine. Medical ethics is an important part of the undergraduate medical curriculum. It should not be left to a 'laissez-faire' process of osmosis from teachers to students. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i3.6467Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.3 July 2010, pp.131-135

scholarly journals Survey of Medical Ethics Research with the Science Drawing Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Mousa Yaminfirooz ◽  
Khadijeh Tahmasbei ◽  
Sara Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Ethics Research ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Ethical Counseling

The advancement of human knowledge in the field of medical science has brought activists to the field with new ethical issues. addressing medical ethical issues is one of the essential requirements in the health system. at present, the evaluation of science production can provide a clear picture of the growth, progress and important issues of a scientific field. in this study, we aimed to identify important areas of research in the field of medical ethics through a scientometric study. This is a scientometrics research using one of the most important techniques of this method, namely, the drawing of science. the statistical population of the study consisted of 3333 scientific papers indexed in the WOS database by the end of 2019. a researcher-made checklist was used for data collection and Ravar-matrix and ucinet6 software were used for data analysis. The results showed that the amount of scientific output in the field of medical ethics is 3333, starting with 1946 with two documents and reaching 2019 with 104 documents. the average annual growth rate is 21.03%. the world of medical ethics consists of 9 clusters worldwide and the concepts of bioethics, ethical counseling, education, medical education and autonomy have been the most commonly used keywords in medical ethics research, respectively. Iranian products in this field also consist of 6 clusters which are the key concepts in medical ethics, bioethics, ethics committee, strategic planning and medical education.

scholarly journals Ethics and Professionalism in Medical Science and Its Impact on Health Care

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Rekha V. Shinde ◽  
Kailas V. Shinde ◽  
Pritam R. Bande ◽  
Ranjit Ambad ◽  
Dhruba Hari Chandi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Good Deed ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
The Ideal

Background: Practicing medicine is always rewarding. It brings money sometimes and friendship, experience of fame at other times. At least one gets the credit and satisfaction of having done a good deed. There could be no better deed or donation than giving life back to a patient. Actually the science of life has an unlimited scope for expansion and the physician is one of the constituent of this life science. Every science has limitations, rules and regulations to achieve the ultimate success. ( Medical) Science is light and it illuminates; one’s own intellect is vision. Objectives: 1. To learn about Medical Ethics and how it is useful to improve the health care. 2. Professionalism in Health Care and its importance. 3.  Discuss Medical Ethics and humanities, Professionalism and its impact on Health of the society. Methodology: The datasets used to conclude the study has taken from internet database and relevant books of science of medicine. In this article author tried to explore the trait among medical professional and how it could be develop professionalism towards human health care. Results: Ethics are the cornerstone to the professional practice because honesty and excellence aren’t just working when your profession is most trusted. Conclusions: The ideal physician thus has the qualities as- 1. The patient’s health and well being is goal. 2. The physician continuously strives to acquire further knowledge, skill, and proficiency. 3. The physician is well wisher of and works for the uplift of society. 4. The physician is humble, modest, sympathetic and gentle. Professionalism is the part of Good Medical Practice Guidelines (GMC). According to this the Doctors deities are – Knowledge, Skills, and Performance, Safety and Quality, Communication, Partnership and Teamwork, and Maintaining Trust.

Ethical Issues Relevant to the Assessment of Suicide Risk in Nonclinical Research Settings

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Wilson ◽  
Bruce K. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Conducting Research

Background: Our laboratory recently confronted this issue while conducting research with undergraduate students at the University of Waterloo (UW). Although our main objective was to examine cognitive and genetic features of individuals with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), the study protocol also entailed the completion of various self-report measures to identify participants deemed at increased risk for suicide. Aims and Methods: This paper seeks to review and discuss the relevant ethical guidelines and legislation that bear upon a psychologist’s obligation to further assess and intervene when research participants reveal that they are at increased risk for suicide. Results and Conclusions: In the current paper we argue that psychologists are ethically impelled to assess and appropriately intervene in cases of suicide risk, even when such risk is revealed within a research context. We also discuss how any such obligation may potentially be modulated by the research participant’s expectations of the role of a psychologist, within such a context. Although the focus of the current paper is on the ethical obligations of psychologists, specifically those practicing within Canada, the relevance of this paper extends to all regulated health professionals conducting research in nonclinical settings.

Towards Systematization

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Reichertz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
Target System ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Methodology Development ◽  
Planning Development

Data processing has become an important tool in theoretical and clinical medicine. The main categories of applications are : information analysis, (bio)signal processing and the field of information logistics (information systems).The problems encountered lie in the discrepancy of the basic methods of a formal approach to an empirical science, the complexity of the target system and the system ecology, i.e. the involvement of the user and the system environment during system construction and utilization.Possible solutions to these problems are the application of system techniques, inductive planning, development of medical methodology, development of methods and techniques for user involvement and assessment of motivation and education and educational planning.The necessary general strategy in the development in medical informatics is seen in the continuing systematization of the theoretical and practical approach. It is estimated that this will eventually contribute to the systematization of medical science and practice.

A Cohort study to compare Admission criteria and Academic performance among preclinical students at The Copperbelt University School of Medicine: complete enumeration (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mwila
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Average Score ◽  
First Year ◽  
Admission Criteria ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Better Than

BACKGROUND The Copperbelt University is the second public University in Zambia. The School of Medicine has four major programs namely; Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery, Bachelor of Dental Surgery, Bachelor of Clinical Medicine and Bachelor of Biomedical sciences. The Copperbelt University School of Medicine runs a five-year training program for both the BDS and the MBCHB programs. Students are admitted into the Medical school after successfully completing their first year at the Main campus in the School of Natural Sciences with an average of 4 B grades or higher (B grade is a mark of 65 to 74%). OBJECTIVE The study was done to determine the association between admission criteria and academic performance among preclinical students. Hence, the study compares the academic performance among preclinical students admitted into the Bachelor of Dental Surgery and Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery at the Copperbelt University School of Medicine. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at Michael Chilufya Sata School of medicine Campus. A pilot study was conducted with 30 BDS and 30 MBCHB students and the obtained information helped determine the sample size. SPSS was used to analyze the data. The study period lasted approximately 7 weeks at a cost of K1621. RESULTS In 2014, there was an improvement in average performance between 2nd and 3rd year for each program. An average score of 15.4 (SD 4.2) was obtained in 3rd year compared to 12.8 (SD 4.9) in 2nd year (p<0.001). Meanwhile, 3rd MB ChB mean score was 12.6 (SD 3.7) compared to 10.7 (SD 3.6) in 2nd years (p<0.05). However, in 2016, both programs, 3rd year mean scores were lower than 2nd year (MB ChB 2nd year mean score was 12.0 (SD 4.3) compared to 3rd year with a mean score of 9.5 (SD 4.5), p<0.001; BDS 2nd year mean score was 10.6 (SD 4.0) compared to 3rd year mean score of 8.2 (SD 3.4), p<0.01. On average MB ChB students performed better than BDS students in all the years (p<0.05), except in 2016 when the results were comparable. CONCLUSIONS Results from the study shows that entry criteria has a correlation to academic performance as students admitted with higher grades perform much better than those with lower grades.

scholarly journals “His Soul Is Weeping inside That He Cannot Bury the Dead as before.” Plague and Rebellion in Debrecen (Hungary), 1739–1742

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Ildikó Sz. Kristóf
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Anthropological Study ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Piety ◽  
The City

This is a historical anthropological study of a period of social and religious tensions in a Calvinist city in the Kingdom of Hungary in the first half of the 18th century. The last and greatest plague epidemic to devastate Hungary and Transylvania between cca. 1738 and 1743 led to a clash of different opinions and beliefs on the origin of the plague and ways of fighting it. Situated on the Great Hungarian Plain, the city of Debrecen saw not only frequent violations of the imposed lockdown measures among its inhabitants but also a major uprising in 1739. The author examines the historical sources (handwritten city records, written and printed regulations, criminal proceedings, and other documents) to be found in the Debrecen city archives, as well as the writings of the local Calvinist pastors published in the same town. The purpose of the study is to outline the main directions of interpretation concerning the plague and manifest in the urban uprising. According to the findings of the author, there was a stricter and chronologically earlier direction, more in keeping with local Puritanism in the second half of the 17th century, and there was also a more moderate and later one, more in line with the assumptions and expectations of late 18th-century medical science. While the former set of interpretations seems to have been founded especially on a so-called “internal” cure (i.e., religious piety and repentance), the latter proposed mostly “external” means (i.e., quarantine measures and herbal medicine) to avoid the plague and be rid of it. There seems to have existed, however, a third set of interpretations: that of folk beliefs and practices, i.e., sorcery and magic. According to the files, a number of so-called “wise women” also attempted to cure the plague-stricken by magical means. The third set of interpretations and their implied practices were not tolerated by either of the other two. The author provides a detailed micro-historical analysis of local events and the social and religious discourses into which they were embedded.

BSAS Ethical Policy British Society of Animal Science Ethical guidelines for research in animal science

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jarvis ◽  
J.E.L. Day ◽  
B. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Science Research ◽  
British Society ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance

Animal science research is important in relation to our understanding of animals, their function and performance, and their relationships with their social and physical environments. Animal science research covers a wide range of disciplines and so can lead to the use of a variety of experimental techniques on animals for many different purposes. This has the potential to lead to a multitude of diverse ethical issues. Members of the British Society of Animal Science and authors of papers submitted to the Society for publication come from countries around the world and therefore are subject to differences in legislative requirements and recommendations regarding animal experimentation. These legal requirements, along with the ethical implications of the research must be fully considered before any experimental work is undertaken.

The Ethics of Mobile Health Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S39-S39
Author(s):  
S. Galderisi ◽  
F. Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Health Technologies

IntroductionMobile health (m-health) technology has been growing rapidly in the last decades. The use of this technology represents an advantage, especially for reaching patients who otherwise would have no access to healthcare. However, many ethical issues arise from the use of m-health. Health equity, privacy policies, adequate informed consent and a competent, safe and high quality healthcare need to be guaranteed; professional standards and quality of doctor-patient relationship in the digital setting should not be lower than those set for in-person practice.AimsTo assess advantages and threats that may arise from the wide use of m-health technologies, in order to guarantee the application of the best medical practices, resulting in the highest quality healthcare.MethodsA literature search has been conducted to highlight the most pressing ethical issues emerging from the spreading of m-health technologies.ResultsFew ethical guidelines on the appropriate use of m-health have been developed to help clinicians adopt a professional conduct within digital settings. They focus on the need for professional associations to define ethical guidelines and for physicians to take care of their education and online behavior when using m-health technologies.ConclusionsThe rapid spreading of m-health technologies urges us to evaluate all ethical issues related to its use. It would be advisable to produce an ethical code for the use of these new technologies, to guarantee health equity, privacy protection, high quality doctor-patient relationships and to ensure that m-health is not chosen over traditional care for merely economic purposes.Disclosure of interestSG received honoraria or Advisory board/consulting fees from the following companies: Lundbeck, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Hoffman-La Roche, Angelini-Acraf, Otsuka, Pierre Fabre and Gedeon-Richter. All other authors have declared.

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