scholarly journals The validity of rasterstereography: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Mohokum ◽  
Samuel Schülein ◽  
Adrian Skwara
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Column ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Spinal Deformities ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Thoracic Hyperkyphosis ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Scoliosis Progression

o investigate and monitor the progression of scoliosis and other spinal deformities in patients following idiopathic scoliosis (IS), non-invasive and radiation-free techniques are recommended because of the need for repeated radiographs. In a clinical setting, spine parameters can be quickly, cheaply and easily assessed using rasterstereography (RS). To assess the validity of the radiation-free technique RS based on surface topography compared with radiographs. MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library and EMBASE were systematically searched for studies which investigate the validity of rasterstereography compared with x-ray measurements. Studies published between January 1, 1990 and July 31, 2013 in English, German and French were included. Studies dealing with magnetic resonance imaging were excluded. Twelve studies with 570 patients were included; these articles were published between 1990 and 2013. The majority of studies investigated patients with IS, but other spinal pathologies included were thoracic hyperkyphosis and Scheuermann’s disease. With regard to the quality assessment criteria for the included studies, three out of twelve studies were evaluated using a twelve point scale and two used a scale with eleven points. We conclude that RS facilitates clinical practice by analysing the spinal column. It is completely radiation-free and could help to monitor scoliosis progression.

Neuroimaging Outcomes in Studies of Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-486
Author(s):  
Lucy Beishon ◽  
Kannakorn Intharakham ◽  
David Swienton ◽  
Ronney B. Panerai ◽  
Thompson G. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Early Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: Cognitive Training (CT) has demonstrated some benefits to cognitive and psychosocial function in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and early dementia, but the certainty related to those findings remains unclear. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which CT improves cognitive functioning may help to understand the relationships between CT and cognitive function. The purpose of this review was to identify the evidence for neuroimaging outcomes in studies of CT in MCI and early Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Methods: Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library were searched with a predefined search strategy, which yielded 1778 articles. Studies were suitable for inclusion where a CT program was used in patients with MCI or AD, with a structural or functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) outcome. Studies were assessed for quality using the Downs and Black criteria. Results: Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library were searched with a predefined search strategy, which yielded 1778 articles. Studies were suitable for inclusion where a CT program was used in patients with MCI or AD, with a structural or functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) outcome. Studies were assessed for quality using the Downs and Black criteria. Conclusions: CT resulted in variable functional and structural changes in dementia, and conclusions are limited by heterogeneity and study quality. Larger, more robust studies are required to correlate these findings with clinical benefits from CT.

scholarly journals Carbon Ion Radiotherapy Acts as the Optimal Treatment Strategy for Unresectable Liver Cancer During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Li ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Xiaohu Wang ◽  
Sha Li ◽  
Weiqiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Carbon Ion Radiotherapy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Carbon Ion ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Cochrane Library

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly disrupted the normal treatment of patients with liver cancer and increased their risk of death. The weight of therapeutic safety was significantly amplified for decision-making to minimize the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Herein, the safety and effectiveness of carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for unresectable liver cancer (ULC) were evaluated, and Chinese experiences were shared to solve the predicament of ULC treatment caused by SARS-CoV-2. Worldwide studies were collected to evaluate CIRT for ULC as the world has become a community due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We not only searched five international databases including the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus but also performed supplementary retrieval with other sources. Chinese experiences of fighting against COVID-19 were introduced based on the advancements of CIRT in China and a prospective clinical trial of CIRT for treating ULC. A total of 19 studies involving 813 patients with ULC were included in the systematic review. The qualitative synthetic evaluation showed that compared with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), CIRT could achieve superior overall survival, local control, and relative hepatic protection. The systematic results indicated that non-invasive CIRT could significantly minimize harms to patients with ULC and concurrently obtain superior anti-cancer effectiveness. According to the Chinese experience, CIRT allows telemedicine within the hospital (TMIH) to keep a sufficient person-to-person physical distance in the whole process of treatment for ULC, which is significant for cutting off the transmission route of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, CIRT could maximize the utilization rate of hospitalization and outpatient care (UHO). Collectively, CIRT for ULC patients not only allows TMIH and the maximized UHO but also has the compatible advantages of safety and effectiveness. Therefore, CIRT should be identified as the optimal strategy for treating appropriate ULC when we need to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to improve the capacity of medical service in the context of the unprecedented COVID-19 crisis.

Detection of wood decay and cavities in living trees: A review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
AYODELE O. SOGE ◽  
Olatunde I. Popoola ◽  
Adedeji A. Adetoyinbo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Increment Borer ◽  
Validation Of Results

It has been established that wood decay and cavities in tree stems contribute significantly to tree failures. Several techniques have been reported by researchers for detecting wood decay and cavities in living trees. These techniques are reviewed in this study under two broad categories: invasive and non-invasive methods. The invasive methods include traditional (decay detecting drill, increment borer, and boroscope), radiographic, acoustic, and electrical resistivity techniques. The non-invasive methods comprise microwave scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray tomography, and traditional techniques involving the use of mallets. Two or more methods are usually combined to investigate the health status of a tree for comparison and validation of results. The prospects and challenges of the various techniques in diagnosing wood decay, cavities, and other structural defects in living trees are reported. This review aims to help researchers in this field identify areas of further work towards the efficient monitoring and management of forest and urban trees.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Tomographic Technique and Its Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Takiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Optical Tomography ◽  
Acoustic Tomography ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tomographic Technique ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Non Destructive

X-ray tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are excellent techniques for non-destructive or non-invasive inspections, however, they have shotcomings including the expensive cost in both the devices themselves and their protection facilities, the harmful side effects of the X-rays to human bodies and to the environment. In view of this argument, it is necessary to develop new, inexpensive, safe and reliable tomographic techniques, especially in medical imaging and non-destructive inspections. There are new tomographic techniques under development such as optical tomography, photo-acoustic tomography, ultrasonic tomography and so on, from which we take ultrasonic tomography as the topic in this paper. We introduce a review of the known ultrasonic tomographic techniques and discuss their future development.

Intracranial microhemorrhages in the setting of COVID-19: what we know so far

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092110041
Author(s):  
John C Benson ◽  
Christopher H Hunt ◽  
James P Klaas ◽  
David F Kallmes
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Multiple Patients

Background Diffuse intracranial susceptibility abnormalities have recently been described among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although prior studies have consisted of case reports and/or series. This brief literature review seeks to compile and catalogue the available data to elucidate characteristic features of such findings. Materials and methods Scientific articles and studies on intracranial microhemorrhages in the setting of COVID-19 were searched on PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library. Included studies described intracranial microbleed(s) on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with COVID-19. If multiple patients were described, only patients with intracranial microhemorrhage on magnetic resonance imaging were included for analysis. Patient demographics, severity of illness (e.g. intensive care unit admission and/or intubation), time from diagnosis of COVID-19 to magnetic resonance imaging, and location(s) of any observed microhemorrhages were noted. Results A total of 39 patients with suspected intracranial microhemorrhages have been described in prior studies. The average age of patients was 64.7 years; 21.9% were women. The average time between COVID-19 diagnosis and magnetic resonance imaging was 31.7 days. All patients in the cohort were admitted to critical care and were either intubated or treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during their clinical course. Microhemorrhages were most commonly located in the subcortical/juxtacortical white matter and corpus callosum. Conclusions Intracranial microbleeds are a well-documented finding in patients with severe COVID-19, and are most commonly callosal and subcortical/juxtacortical in location.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging for pathobiological assessment and interventional treatment of the coronary arteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_C) ◽  
pp. C46-C56
Author(s):  
Timo Heidt ◽  
Simon Reiss ◽  
Thomas Lottner ◽  
Ali C Özen ◽  
Christoph Bode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Agents

Abstract X-ray-based fluoroscopy is the standard tool for diagnostics and intervention in coronary artery disease. In recent years, computed tomography has emerged as a non-invasive alternative to coronary angiography offering detection of coronary calcification and imaging of the vessel lumen by the use of iodinated contrast agents. Even though currently available invasive or non-invasive techniques can show the degree of vessel stenosis, they are unable to provide information about biofunctional plaque properties, e.g. plaque inflammation. Furthermore, the use of radiation and the necessity of iodinated contrast agents remain unfavourable prerequisites. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a radiation-free alternative to X-ray which offers anatomical and functional imaging contrasts fostering the idea of non-invasive biofunctional assessment of the coronary vessel wall. In combination with molecular contrast agents that target-specific epitopes of the vessel wall, MRI might reveal unique plaque properties rendering it, for example, ‘vulnerable and prone to rupture’. Early detection of these lesions may allow for early or prophylactic treatment even before an adverse coronary event occurs. Besides diagnostic imaging, advances in real-time image acquisition and motion compensation now provide grounds for MRI-guided coronary interventions. In this article, we summarize our research on MRI-based molecular imaging in cardiovascular disease and feature our advances towards real-time MRI-based coronary interventions in a porcine model.

Nasal injury in preterm infants receiving non-invasive respiratory support: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. F29-F35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilini I Imbulana ◽  
Brett J Manley ◽  
Jennifer A Dawson ◽  
Peter G Davis ◽  
Louise S Owen
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Nasal Injury ◽  
Nasal High Flow Therapy ◽  
The Cochrane Library

ObjectiveBinasal prongs are the most commonly used interface for the delivery of nasal positive airway pressure (CPAP) to preterm infants. However, they are associated with pressure-related nasal injury, which causes pain and discomfort. Nasal injury may necessitate a change in interface and occasionally damage is severe enough to require surgical repair. We aim to determine the incidence and risk factors for nasal injury in preterm infants, and to provide clinicians with strategies to effectively prevent and treat it.DesignWe conducted a systematic search of databases including MEDLINE (PubMed including the Cochrane Library), EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus. Included studies enrolled human preterm infants and were published prior to 20 February 2017.ResultsForty-five studies were identified, including 14 ra ndomised controlled trials, 10 observational studies, two cohort studies, eight case reports and 11 reviews. The incidence of nasal injury in preterm infants ranged from 20–100%. Infants born <30 weeks’ gestation are at highest risk. Strategies shown to reduce nasal injury included: nasal barrier dressings (2 studies, n=244, risk ratio (RD) −0.12, 95%, CI − 0.20 to −0.04), nasal high flow therapy as an alternative to binasal prong CPAP (7 studies, n=1570, risk difference (RD) −0.14, 95% CI −0.17 to −0.10), and nasal masks rather than binasal prongs (5 studies, n=544, RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.00).Conclusions and relevanceNasal injury is common in preterm infants born <30 weeks’ gestational age receiving CPAP via binasal prongs. Larger randomised trials are required to fully evaluate strategies to reduce nasal injury.

X-ray microtomography

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
H.W. Deckman ◽  
B.F. Flannery ◽  
J.H. Dunsmuir ◽  
K.D' Amico
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Individual Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Panoramic Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

Efficacy of compression stockings in preventing post-thrombotic syndrome in patients with deep venous thrombosis: a systematic review and metaanalysis

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Martin Burgstaller ◽  
Johann Steurer ◽  
Ulrike Held ◽  
Beatrice Amann-Vesti
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Post Thrombotic Syndrome ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Preventive Efficacy ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Abstract. Background: Here, we update an earlier systematic review on the preventive efficacy of active compression stockings in patients with diagnosed proximal deep venous thrombosis (DVT) by including the results of recently published trials. The aims are to synthesize the results of the original studies, and to identify details to explain heterogeneous results. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and Medline for original studies that compared the preventive efficacy of active compression stockings with placebo or no compression stockings in patients with diagnosed proximal DVT. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Results: Five eligible RCTs with a total of 1393 patients (sample sizes ranged from 47 to 803 patients) were included. In three RCTs, patients started to wear compression stockings, placebo stockings or no stockings within the first three weeks after the diagnosis of DVT. The results of two RCTs indicate a statistically significant reduction in post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) of 50% or more after two or more years. The result of one RCT shows no preventive effect of compression stockings at all. Due to the heterogeneity of the study results, we refrained from pooling the results of the RCTs. In a further RCT, randomization to groups with and without compression stockings took place six months after the diagnosis of DVT, and in another RCT, only patients with the absence of PTS one year after the diagnosis of DVT were analyzed. One RCT revealed a significant reduction in symptoms, whereas another RCT failed to show any benefit of using compression stockings. Conclusions: At this time, it does not seem to be justifiable to entirely abandon the recommendations regarding compression stockings to prevent PTS in patients with DVT. There is evidence favoring compression stockings, but there is also evidence showing no benefit of compression stockings.

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