scholarly journals Introduction to the Special Section on Clinical High Risk for Mental Illness: Transdiagnostic Framework, Detection Strategies, Assessment, Treatment and Outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Boldrini ◽  
Marco Solmi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Harry Stack Sullivan ◽  
Detection Strategies

Historically, the idea of preventing severe mental disorders by intervening in their prodromal stages was first introduced by the psychoanalyst Harry Stack Sullivan. Sullivan (1994) claimed that schizophrenia was the result of maladaptive relationships and experiences, rather than hereditary or biological factors and, as such, could be prevented. (...)

scholarly journals An Overview of Cognitive Remediation Therapy for People with Severe Mental Illness

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherrie Galletly ◽  
Ashlee Rigby
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Cognitive Remediation Therapy ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Varying Length

Cognitive remediation refers to nonpharmacological methods of improving cognitive function in people with severe mental disorders. Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) can be delivered via computerised programs, of varying length and complexity, or can be undertaken one-on-one by a trained clinician. There has been a considerable interest in cognitive remediation, driven by recognition that cognitive deficits are a major determinant of outcome in people with severe, chronic mental illnesses. CRT has been shown to be effective, especially if combined with vocational rehabilitation.

Post-error adjustment among children aged 7 years with a familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: A population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Birgitte Klee Burton ◽  
Anders Petersen ◽  
Heike Eichele ◽  
Nicoline Hemager ◽  
Katrine S. Spang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Familial High Risk

Abstract The cognitive control system matures gradually with age and shows age-related sex differences. To gain knowledge concerning error adaptation in familial high-risk groups, investigating error adaptation among the offspring of parents with severe mental disorders is important and may contribute to the understanding of cognitive functioning in at-risk individuals. We identified an observational cohort through Danish registries and measured error adaptation using an Eriksen flanker paradigm. We tested 497 7-year-old children with a familial high risk of schizophrenia (N = 192) or bipolar disorder (N = 116) for deficits in error adaptation compared with a control group (N = 189). We investigated whether error adaptation differed between high-risk groups compared with controls and sex differences in the adaptation to errors, irrespective of high-risk status. Overall, children exhibited post-error slowing (PES), but the slowing of responses did not translate to significant improvements in accuracy. No differences were detected between either high-risk group compared with the controls. Boys showed less PES and PES after incongruent trials than girls. Our results suggest that familial high risk of severe mental disorders does not influence error adaptation at this early stage of cognitive control development. Error adaptation behavior at age 7 years shows specific sex differences.

Incidence of child and adolescent mental disorders in children aged 0-17 with familial high risk for severe mental illness - A Danish register study

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne A.E. Thorup ◽  
Thomas Munk Laursen ◽  
Trine Munk-Olsen ◽  
Anne Ranning ◽  
Preben Bo Mortensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Register Study ◽  
Familial High Risk

scholarly journals Risky sexual behavior and its associated factors among patients with severe mental disorder in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ayelegne Gebeyehu ◽  
Missaye Mulatie
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Severe Mental Disorder ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background People with severe mental disorders are more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors. As a result of these high-risk behaviors, they might contract sexually transmitted infections and become pregnant unintentionally. Despite the high burden of this problem, very little is known about the association between mental disorders and high-risk sexual behaviors; for this reason, the current study aimed at determining the association between these two behaviors in patients with mental disorders attending an outpatient clinic at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Psychiatric Clinic. Methods A total of 223 study participants were recruited via a stratified sampling followed by a systematic sampling technique. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2018. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer-based questionnaire. A four-item questionnaire was adopted from a behavioral surveillance survey and different literature sources. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to assess the strength in addition to the direction of the association between risky sexual behavior and independent variables. An interpretation was made based on the adjusted odds ratio and p-value at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Result Nearly half of the study participants (49.8, 95% CI; 43.9–56.5%) presented risky sexual behavior. The study found that male gender (2.98; adjusted odds ration [AOR] = 2.98; 95% CI; 1.49–5.95), no ability to read and write (3.99; AOR = 3.99; 95% CI: 1.53–10.4), history of hospitalization (3.95; AOR = 3.95; 95% CI: 1.87–8.32), perceived internal stigma (2.45, AOR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.18–5.11), and poor social support (3.07, AOR = 3.07; 95% CI: 1.29–7.30) were significant predictors of risky sexual behaviors among patients with severe mental disorder. Conclusion Risky sexual behavior among patients with a severe mental disorders was high (49.8%). Special attention should be given to male patients, incorporating people with severe mental disorders into the adult education programs, continuous health education regarding risky sexual behavior and utilization of condoms, building self-esteem, and engaging others to provide good social support systems are strongly recommended to alleviate this type of behavior in this population.

scholarly journals Gambaran Strategi Koping Keluarga dalam Merawat Anggota Keluarga yang Menderita Gangguan Jiwa Bera

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelsi Wanti ◽  
Efri Widianti ◽  
Nita Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Family Coping ◽  
Ways Of Coping ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Keluarga yang merawat anggota keluarga dengan gangguan jiwa sering mengalami stres karena perilaku anggota keluarga yang mengalami gangguan jiwa dan stigma yang melekat pada keluarga. Keluarga akan melakukan strategi koping untuk mengatasi stres yang dialami. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi strategi koping keluarga dalam merawat anggota keluarga yang menderita gangguan jiwa berat di rumah di Desa Sukamaju dan Desa Kersamanah Kecamatan Kersamanah Kabupaten Garut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 43 orang anggota keluarga yang merawat pasien gangguan jiwa berat, diambil dengan total sampling. Data penelitian diambil menggunakan kuesioner dari instrumen baku Ways Of Coping (WOC) dan analisis data yang digunakan dalam bentuk persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian dari responden yaitu 20 orang (47%) lebih cenderung menggunakan emotional focused coping, sebagian kecil responden yaitu 13 orang (30%) cenderung menggunakan problem focused coping dan sebagian kecil responden lainnya yaitu 10 orang (23%) dominan menggunakan problem focused coping dan emotional focused coping secara bersamaan. Simpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keluarga dalam merawat pasien gangguan jiwa berat di rumah melakukan usaha untuk menghadapi stres dengan cara mengatur respon emosionalnya untuk menyesuaikan diri dari dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh pasien. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan bagi perawat di puskesmas setempat untuk memberikan konsultasi dan konseling bagi keluarga dalam merawat pasien gangguan jiwa berat di rumah.Kata kunci: Gangguan jiwa berat, keluarga, strategi koping. Describe Of Family Coping Strategies In CaringFamily Members Suffering From Severe Mental DisordersAbstractFamilies who care for family members with mental illness often stresor due to the behavior of family members with mental illness and the stigma attached to the family. The family will do the coping strategies to overcome the stres experienced. The study purpose is to identify family coping strategies in caring for family members who suffer from severe mental disorders at home in Sukamaju and Kersamanah Villages in District of Garut. This design of study is quantitative descriptive with the number of respondents about 43 family members who care for patients with severe mental disorders, using total sampling. The data were taken using a questionnaire of raw instrument Ways Of Coping (WOC) and data analysis used form of a percentage. The results showed the majority of respondents, 20 people (47%) were more likely to use emotional focused coping, a small portion 13 respondents (30%) tend to use problem focused coping and a small portion 10 respondents (23%) predominantly use problem focused coping and emotional focused coping simultaneously. The conclusions of this study indicate that the family in caring for patients with severe mental disorders at home to make efforts to deal with stres by regulating the emotional response to adjust from the impact caused by the patient. The results of this study are expected to provide input for a nurse at a Health care to provide consultation and counseling for families in caring for patients with disorders severe mental at home.Keywords: Coping strategies, family, severe mental disorders.

Predictors of Access to Mental Health Care Services Among Persons with Severe Mental Disorders: A Community-Based Study from Rural South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Vijaya Raghavan ◽  
Aishwarya Gonzalez Cherubal ◽  
Sujit John ◽  
Kotteswara Rao ◽  
R. Padmavati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
South India ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Care Services

Background: Various factors are associated with access to care among patients with severe mental disorders (SMD). The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of access to care among patients with SMD in rural south India. Methods: The study was conducted in Pudukkottai district of Tamil Nadu, India. After screening and confirmation of SMD by community level workers and trained mental health workers, participants were classified as those who have at some time sought treatment and those who have never accessed mental health care services. Results: Among 422 participants with SMD, 74% had at some point in time accessed mental health care services. Logistic regression showed education asthe predictor of access to mental health care services among patients with severe mental disorders. Conclusion: Improving education and awareness on the mental illness and its treatment options will help the patients with mental illness to seek care early leading to favorable outcomes.

Design and Realization of a Comprehensive Management System for Severe Mental Disorders Based on FLUX Mode

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Xinlei ◽  
Ren Xiaogang ◽  
Wu Yue ◽  
Ye Jiufeng
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Management System ◽  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Timing Synchronization ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Information Platform ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Management

The paper is to implement the management and treatment project of severe mental disorders, explore and update the work mode of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of mental illness, thus establishing the information platform of "comprehensive management system of severe mental illness in Suzhou city." The operation of FLUX software architecture with users on the View are eventually mapped toon Action, which is passed to the Dispatcher, then performs the callback function registered on the specified Action. Finally, the operation of Store is completed. In case of the data in the Store being changed, the event of the data change would be triggered. Meanwhile the View monitors the events and responds to them. Software interface technology: communication with multiple systems and platforms is required. Therefore, this system adopts the independent server mode, which can be flexibly matched by views, intermediate tables, WebService and other methods to establish two working modes of "data timing synchronization" and "data real-time synchronization." Its main functions are: work overview, information registration, common queries, information query registration, statistical analysis, statistical analysis_quarterly work overview (hospital), report management, graphic analysis, basic maintenance, and organizational management of patients with severe mental illness. The implementation of the system is conducive to improve the overall work efficiency. The data mining and analysis of the comprehensive management system for mental disorders are to standardize the technical process, reduce the management cost, and provide the basis for improving the comprehensive management level of serious mental illness in Suzhou.

scholarly journals Can We Predict Psychosis Outside the Clinical High-Risk State? A Systematic Review of Non-Psychotic Risk Syndromes for Mental Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Young Lee ◽  
Junhee Lee ◽  
Minah Kim ◽  
Eugenie Choe ◽  
Jun Soo Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Clinical High Risk

scholarly journals T128. ATTACHMENT REPRESENTATIONS IN CHILDREN AT FAMILIAL HIGH RISK OF SEVERE MENTAL DISORDERS. ASSOCIATIONS WITH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, LEVEL OF FUNCTIONING, AND PSYCHOTIC EXPERIENCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S279-S279
Author(s):  
Maja Gregersen ◽  
Ditte Vestbjerg Ellersgaard ◽  
Anne Søndergaard ◽  
Camilla Christiani ◽  
Nicoline Hemager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Disorganized Attachment ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Attachment Representations ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Familial High Risk

Abstract Background There is evidence of higher rates of insecure and disorganized attachment in infancy in children born to parents with severe mental disorders, but evidence on attachment in middle childhood for these children is lacking. This study aims to explore attachment representations in seven-year-old children born to parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. We also aim to explore possible associations between attachment and psychopathology, level of functioning, and psychotic experiences in these children. Methods The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study VIA 7 is a prospective cohort study of 522 seven-year-old children born in Denmark. The cohort consists of children where one or both parents have been diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (N=202), children where one or both parents have been diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder (N=120) and children where neither of the parents have been diagnosed with these disorders (N=200). Attachment representations were assessed with the Story Stem Assessment Protocol whereas psychopathology, level of functioning, and psychotic experiences were assessed with K-SADS. Results Data analyses are ongoing but preliminary results indicate that there are no significant differences in attachment representations between the three groups of children, but that there are associations between higher rates of insecure and disorganized attachment and a higher risk of psychopathology. Results will be presented at the SIRS-conference. Discussion Understanding attachment and its correlates in children at familial high risk of severe mental disorders is important in order to strengthen our understanding of developmental trajectories towards mental disorders in these children.

scholarly journals Predictors of Access to Mental Health Care Services Among Persons with Severe Mental Disorders: A Community-Based Study from Rural South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Vijaya Raghavan ◽  
Aishwarya Gonzalez Cherubal ◽  
Sujit John ◽  
Kotteswara Rao ◽  
R. Padmavati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
South India ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Care Services

Background: Various factors are associated with access to care among patients with severe mental disorders (SMD). The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of access to care among patients with SMD in rural south India. Methods: The study was conducted in Pudukkottai district of Tamil Nadu, India. After screening and confirmation of SMD by community level workers and trained mental health workers, participants were classified as those who have at some time sought treatment and those who have never accessed mental health care services. Results: Among 422 participants with SMD, 74% had at some point in time accessed mental health care services. Logistic regression showed education asthe predictor of access to mental health care services among patients with severe mental disorders. Conclusion: Improving education and awareness on the mental illness and its treatment options will help the patients with mental illness to seek care early leading to favorable outcomes.

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