scholarly journals Surgical techniques: past, present and future

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Qayumi
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Modern Hospital ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Shed Light

The aim of this paper is to provide an analytical survey of the information available on the development of past and present surgical techniques, and to make projections for the future. For the purposes of this paper, the <em>Past</em> starts in the Neolithic period and ends in the 1800s. In this context, I have divided the <em>Past</em> into <em>Prehistoric</em>, <em>Ancient</em> and <em>Middle Ages</em>, and this period ends in the second half of the 19th century when the major obstacles to the further development of surgery, such as overcoming pain and infection, were removed. We will discuss the development of surgical techniques, and the obstacles and opportunities prevalent in these periods. In the context of this paper, the <em>Present</em> begins in 1867, when Louis Pasteur discovered microorganisms, and ends in the present day. There have been many important changes in the development of surgical techniques during this period, such as the transfer of surgery from the unsterile operating room to the modern hospital operating theater, the development of advanced and specialized surgical practices, such as transplants and laparoscopy, and minimally invasive surgical methods, robotic and Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery. It is very difficult to foresee how surgical techniques will develop in the <em>Future</em> because of the unpredictable nature of technological progress. Therefore, in this paper, the forecast for the <em>Future</em> is limited to the next 50- 100 years and is a realistic calculation based on already existing technologies. In this context, the <em>Future</em> is divided into the development of surgical techniques that will develop in the <em>near</em> and <em>distant</em> future. It is anticipated that this overview will shed light on the historical perspective of surgical techniques and stimulate interest in their further development.

scholarly journals THE POSSIBILITY OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE ROENTGEN-SURGICAL TECHNIQUES IN ABDOMINAL SURGERY

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Yu V Ivanov ◽  
D P Lebedev ◽  
A V Alekhnovich
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Subhepatic Abscess

The clinical observations showing the diagnostic and therapeutic capacities of minimally invasive percutaneous roentgen-surgical techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatopancreatoduodenal zone diseases are presented. In these cases, the use of minimally invasive surgical techniques on various stages of diagnosis and treatment have helped to correct diagnosis, and effective treatment, discarding traditional traumatic surgery. In the first clinical observation percutaneous radiosurgical method drainage of an abscess of the liver allowed to reveal chronic form of fascioliasis and conduct specific treatment. In the second - to establish the cause of recurrent subhepatic abscess, in the third-to remove concrements of common bile duct, if unable to perform open surgery or endoscopic papillosfinkterotomiya and remove concrements. Common to all three clinical observations is the fact that up to minimally invasive roentgen-surgical methods of treatment were carried out public activities, which for various reasons proved ineffective. The latest minimally invasive radiosurgical methods allow not only to establish an accurate diagnosis, but may be intermediate or final treatment.This is especially important in severe patients at impossibility of the surgery and if necessary, stabilization of the general status and improving metabolic and functional parameters of the upcoming radical operation. In most cases, a variety of minimally invasive surgical techniques are not competing among themselves, but only complement or substitute one another in every concrete clinical situation.

scholarly journals ROLE OF MINI-INVASIVE SURGERY IN TREATMENT OF LACTATION MASTITIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
O. I. Yakovenko ◽  
T. V. Yakovenko ◽  
V. P. Akimov ◽  
A. N. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Breast Abscess ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
Parturient Woman ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Lactational Mastitis ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding

Introduction. Lactation mastitis is not a rear pathology. It is observed at every tenth parturient woman, mainly in the case of premature termination of breastfeeding. When analyzing the structure of postpartum purulent-inflammatory complications, most researchers report about high frequency lactational mastitis (in 26-67% cases). The technique of conducting wide incisions to drain the breast abscess and drug cessation of lactation was adopted to treat lactational abscess.Purpose. Specify the location for minimally invasive surgical techniques (puncture and drainage of the nidus of infection under ultrasound guidance) in the complex treatment of lactational abscesses of the mammary glands.Materials and methods. 64 parturient women suffering from verified lactation abscesses were observed. Average age of patients was 24,9±4,5 years (from 21 to 44). The research was carried out during 3 years: from 2018 to 2020. All patients were on outpatient treatment and under observation. Conservative and surgical (minimally invasive) methods of breast abscess treatment were applied. Puncture of the lactation abscess was carried out with a thick needle (18g «pink»), at the greatest distance from the areola, after expressing / feeding.Results. 41% of breast abscesses occurred during lactation up to 1 month, while in 34% of cases, the period of lactation was in the range from 1 to 3 months. In 16% of patients, an abscess formed during lactation from 3 to 7 months, in 7% of cases - from 7 to 18 months. Duration of breastfeeding was investigated at the 3rd day, 3rd week and 12th week after surgery. Breastfeeding was interrupted on women’s request. As a result we found out, that minimally invasive (puncture, drainage) surgical methods for treating breast abscesses should be prioritized at complex treatment programs for lactational mastitis.

scholarly journals Transformation of Space Discourse: from Traditional Society to Postmodern Era

2015 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
V. A. Shchipkov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Spatial Concepts ◽  
Holistic Perception ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The paper examines the problem of transforming the perception of space in the paradigms of several cultural epochs. Space discourse is defined via its societal perception, reflection in mythological systems and some philosophical concepts. The author reviews the history of changes of space discourse through continued development of two stages - traditional and post-traditional. The author refers the archaic society, the Antiquity and the Middle Ages to the traditional stage, the Renaissance, the Modernity and the Postmodernity to the post-traditional. The author examines each of these stages and describes mythological and holistic perception of space in archaic society, its further development and hierarchizing in the Antiquity, as well as transfer of the main features of the Classic model into the Medieval period. In addition, the paper examines the process of radical changes in the perception of space beginning in the Renaissance and under the impact of the long process of secularization and general demythologization referred to by the author as the Modernity era. The paper states that this process continued for some centuries emptying the space of myth and reached its highest peak by the end of the 19th century. The author provides a special insight on the reasons of the increased need for myth and cites as an example the emergence of geopolitics as a new discipline. Further, the author describes the main vector of space discourse development from the 20th century until now shaped by the Postmodernity. The article focuses on two particular spatial concepts such as "heterotopia" and "rhizome". According to the author they illustrate the main features of modern space - anti-hierarchy and openness to a new mythologization. The emphasis is put on the main differences of space perception between the postmodern and traditional society. The author makes an assumption that the space discourse of today will also influence the researches of actual global political and territorial architecture.

"Marketocentric" Economics Is Obsolete

2004 ◽  
pp. 36-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Buzgalin ◽  
A. Kolganov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Post Market ◽  
Market Relations ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Universe

The "marketocentric" economic theory is now dominating in modern science (similar to Ptolemeus geocentric model of the Universe in the Middle Ages). But market economy is only one of different types of economic systems which became the main mode of resources allocation and motivation only in the end of the 19th century. Authors point to the necessity of the analysis of both pre-market and post-market relations. Transition towards the post-industrial neoeconomy requires "Copernical revolution" in economic theory, rejection of marketocentric orientation, which has become now not only less fruitful, but also dogmatically dangerous, leading to the conservation and reproduction of "market fundamentalism".

Alma Mater Studiorum. O genezie i początkach uniwersytetów

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Marek Maciejewski
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Canon Law ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
New Era ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The 19Th Century

The origin of universities reaches the period of Ancient Greece when philosophy (sophists, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, stoics and others) – the “Queen of sciences”, and the first institutions of higher education (among others, Plato’s Academy, Cassiodorus’ Vivarium, gymnasia) came into existence. Even before the new era, schools having the nature of universities existed also beyond European borders, including those in China and India. In the early Middle Ages, those types of schools functioned in Northern Africa and in the Near East (Baghdad, Cairo, Constantinople, cities of Southern Spain). The first university in the full meaning of the word was founded at the end of the 11th century in Bologna. It was based on a two-tiered education cycle. Following its creation, soon new universities – at first – in Italy, then (in the 12th and 13th century) in other European cities – were established. The author of the article describes their modes of operation, the methods of conducting research and organizing students’ education, the existing student traditions and customs. From the very beginning of the universities’ existence the study of law was part of their curricula, based primarily on the teaching of Roman law and – with time – the canon law. The rise of universities can be dated from the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of modernity. In the 17th and 18th century they underwent a crisis which was successfully overcome at the end of the 19th century and throughout the following one.

scholarly journals Historical Ecology of Scandinavian Infield Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 817
Author(s):  
Ove Eriksson ◽  
Matilda Arnell ◽  
Karl-Johan Lindholm
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Historical Ecology ◽  
Niche Construction ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Hay Meadows ◽  
Human Niche Construction ◽  
Major Transition ◽  
The 19Th Century

Infield systems originated during the early Iron Age and existed until the 19th century, although passing many transitions and changes. The core features of infield systems were enclosed infields with hay-meadows and crop fields, and unenclosed outland mainly used for livestock grazing. We examine the transitions and changes of domesticated landscapes with infield systems using the framework of human niche construction, focusing on reciprocal causation affecting change in both culture and environment. A first major transition occurred during the early Middle Ages, as a combined effect of a growing elite society and an increased availability of iron promoted expansion of villages with partly communal infields. A second major transition occurred during the 18th and 19th centuries, due to a then recognized inefficiency of agricultural production, leading to land reforms. In outlands, there was a continuous expansion of management throughout the whole period. Even though external factors had significant impacts as well, human niche construction affected a range of cultural and environmental features regarding the management and structure of domesticated landscapes with infield systems. Thus, niche construction theory is a useful framework for understanding the historical ecology of infield systems.

scholarly journals Distal radioulnar joint stabilization with open foveal reinsertion versus tendon graft reconstruction: an experimental study using radiostereometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janni Kjærgaard Thillemann ◽  
Sepp De Raedt ◽  
Torben Bæk Hansen ◽  
Bo Munk ◽  
Maiken Stilling
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Distal Radioulnar Joint ◽  
Tendon Graft ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Radioulnar Joint ◽  
Clinical Recommendation ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Stabilizing Effect

Abstract Purpose Symptomatic instability of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) caused by lesion of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) can be treated with a number of surgical techniques. Clinical examination of DRUJ translation is subjective and limited by inter-observer variability. The aim of this study was to compare the stabilizing effect on DRUJ translation with two different surgical methods using the Piano-key test and a new precise low-dose, non-invasive radiostereometric imaging method (AutoRSA). Methods In a randomized experimental study we evaluated the DRUJ translation in ten human cadaver arms (8 males, mean age 78 years) after cutting the proximal and distal TFCC insertions, and after open surgical TFCC reinsertion (n = 5) or TFCC reconstruction using a palmaris longus tendon graft ad modum Adams (n = 5). The cadaver arms were mounted in a custom-made fixture for a standardized Piano-key test. Radiostereometric images were recorded and AutoRSA software was used for image analyses. Standardised anatomical axes and coordinate systems of the forearm computer tomography bone models were applied to estimate DRUJ translation after TFCC lesions and after surgical repair. Results The DRUJ translation after cutting the proximal and distal TFCC insertions was 2.48 mm (95% CI 1.61; 3.36). Foveal TFCC reinsertion reduced DRUJ translation by 1.78 mm (95% CI 0.82; 2.74, p = 0.007), while TFCC reconstruction reduced DRUJ translation by 1.01 mm (95% CI -1.58; 3.60, p = 0.17). Conclusion In conclusion, foveal TFCC reinsertion significantly decreased DRUJ translation while the stabilizing effect of Adams TFCC reconstruction was heterogeneous. This supports the clinical recommendation of TFCC reinsertion in patients suffering from symptomatic DRUJ instability due to acute fovea TFCC lesions.

Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques to Treat Spine Infection S

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry M. Parker ◽  
Paul C. McAfee ◽  
Ira L. Fedder ◽  
James C. Weis ◽  
W. Peter Geis
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Spine Infection ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical
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