Salt glands in flowering culms of Eriochloa species (Poaceae)

Bothalia ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Arriaga
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Salt Gland ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Pore ◽  
Micro Analysis

Salt glands were found in Eriochloa (Paniceae-Poaceae):  E. monte\idensis, E. pseudoacrotricha and E. punctata.  They occur on the culms, rachises and secondary ramifications of the inflorescence. The glands are bicellular structures with endodermal tissue at the base. They consist of a basal cell and an apical cell, which is a collecting chamber with a large pore at the top. It is proposed to conserve the term salt gland to designate excretory structures associated with endodermal collecting tissue. The elements present in the glands (detected by the use of X-ray micro-analysis) are: Na. Mg. P. S. Cl. K with an increase of the elements from the endodermal tissue to the cap cell. Because of energy needed to transport and excrete salts, salt glands are situated at the base of the inflorescence, which is the zone of maximal development of Kranz structure. It is inferred that  Eriochloa is a facultative halophytic genus, derived recently from a halophytic ancestor.

AIN/GaN and AIGaN/GaN Heterostructures Grown by HVPE on SiC Substrates

1997 ◽  
Vol 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Melnik ◽  
A. E. Nikolaev ◽  
S. I. Stepanov ◽  
A. S. Zubrilov ◽  
I. P. Nikitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Auger Electron ◽  
Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Analysis

AbstractGaN, AIN and AIGaN layers were grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. 6H-SiC wafers were used as substrates. Properties of AIN/GaN and AIGaN/GaN structures were investigated. AIGaN growth rate was about 1 μm/min. The thickness of the AIGaN layers ranged from 0.5 to 5 μm. The AIN concentration in AIGaN layers was varied from 9 to 67 mol. %. Samples were characterised by electron beam micro analysis, Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and cathodoluminescence.Electrical measurements performed on AIGaN/GaN/SiC samples indicated that undoped AIGaN layers are conducting at least up to 50 mol. % of AIN.

X-ray micro-analysis of cultured respiratory epithelial cells from patients with cystic fibrosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SAGSTRÖM ◽  
G. M. ROOMANS ◽  
R. WROBLEWSKI ◽  
J. L. M. KEULEMANS ◽  
A. T. HOOGEVEEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial Cells ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial ◽  
Micro Analysis

scholarly journals A novel gene LbHLH from the halophyte Limonium bicolor enhances salt tolerance via reducing root hair development and enhancing osmotic resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Wang ◽  
Yingli Zhou ◽  
Yanyu Xu ◽  
Baoshan Wang ◽  
Fang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Salt Gland ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Osmotic Resistance ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Limonium Bicolor ◽  
Root Hair Development ◽  
Hair Development

Abstract Background Identifying genes involved in salt tolerance in the recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor could facilitate the breeding of crops with enhanced salt tolerance. Here we cloned the previously uncharacterized gene LbHLH and explored its role in salt tolerance. Results The 2,067-bp open reading frame of LbHLH encodes a 688-amino-acid protein with a typical helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain. In situ hybridization showed that LbHLH is expressed in salt glands of L. bicolor. LbHLH localizes to the nucleus, and LbHLH is highly expressed during salt gland development and in response to NaCl treatment. To further explore its function, we heterologously expressed LbHLH in Arabidopsis thaliana under the 35S promoter. The overexpression lines showed significantly increased trichome number and reduced root hair number. LbHLH might interact with GLABRA1 to influence trichome and root hair development, as revealed by yeast two-hybrid analysis. The transgenic lines showed higher germination percentages and longer roots than the wild type under NaCl treatment. Analysis of seedlings grown on medium containing sorbitol with the same osmotic pressure as 100 mM NaCl demonstrated that overexpressing LbHLH enhanced osmotic resistance. Conclusion These results indicate that LbHLH enhances salt tolerance by reducing root hair development and enhancing osmotic resistance under NaCl stress.

scholarly journals Salt-tolerance screening in Limonium sinuatum varieties with different flower colors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Xu ◽  
Yingli Zhou ◽  
Ping Mi ◽  
Baoshan Wang ◽  
Fang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Gland ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Whole Plants

AbstractLimonium sinuatum, a member of Plumbaginaceae commonly known as sea lavender, is widely used as dried flower. Five L. sinuatum varieties with different flower colors (White, Blue, Pink, Yellow, and Purple) are found in saline regions and are widely cultivated in gardens. In the current study, we evaluated the salt tolerance of these varieties under 250 mmol/L NaCl (salt-tolerance threshold) treatment to identify the optimal variety suitable for planting in saline lands. After the measurement of the fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), contents of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, soluble sugars, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), relative water content, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, and osmotic potential of whole plants, the salt-tolerance ability from strongest to weakest is identified as Pink, Yellow, Purple, White, and Blue. Photosynthetic rate was the most reliable and positive indicator of salt tolerance. The density of salt glands showed the greatest increase in Pink under NaCl treatment, indicating that Pink adapts to high-salt levels by enhancing salt gland formation. These results provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale planting of L. sinuatum in saline soils in the future.

Biogenesis of Plasma Membranes in Salt Glands of Salt-Stressed Domestic Ducklings: Localization of Acyltransferase Activity

1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-873
Author(s):  
A. M. LEVINE ◽  
JOAN A. HIGGINS ◽  
R. J. BARRNETT
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Salt Gland ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Acyltransferase Activity ◽  
Structural Localization ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Golgi Membranes

In response to salt water stress there is a marked increase in the plasma membranes of the epithelial secretory cells of the salt glands of domestic ducklings. In the present study, the fine-structural localization of the acyltransferases involved in synthesis of phospholipids has been investigated in this tissue during this increased biogenesis of plasma membranes. The specific activity of the acyltransferases of the salt gland rose in response to salt stress, and this preceded the rapid increase in weight and cellular differentiation. After the weight increase of the gland became established, the specific activity of the acyltransferases declined, but the total activity remained constant. Salt gland tissue fixed in a mixture of glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde retained 35% of the acyltransferase activity of unfixed tissue. Cytochemical studies of the localization of acyltransferase activity in fixed and unfixed salt gland showed reaction product associated only with the lamellar membranes of the Golgi complex. This localization occurred in partially differentiated cells from salt-stressed glands to the greatest extent; and to only a small extent in cells of control tissue from unstressed salt glands. Omission of substrates resulted in absence of reaction product in association with the Golgi membranes. In addition, vesicles having limiting membranes morphologically similar to the plasma membrane occurred between the Golgi region and the plasma membrane in the partially differentiated cells. The phospholipid component of the plasma membrane appears therefore to be synthesized in association with the Golgi membranes and the membrane packaged at this site from which it moves in the form of vesicles to fuse with the pre-existing plasma membrane.

Methyl jasmonate improves tolerance to high salt stress in the recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Yuan ◽  
Xue Liang ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Shanshan Yin ◽  
Baoshan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Salt Gland ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Plasma Membrane Permeability ◽  
Limonium Bicolor ◽  
Relative Electrical Conductivity

Limonium bicolor is a typical recretohalophyte with salt glands in the epidermis, which shows maximal growth at moderate salt concentrations (100mM NaCl) but reduced growth in the presence of excess salt (more than 200mM). Jasmonic acid (JA) alleviates the reduced growth of L. bicolor under salt stress; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study we investigated the effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application on L. bicolor growth at high NaCl concentrations. We found that treatment with 300mM NaCl led to dramatic inhibition of seedling growth that was significantly alleviated by the application of 0.03mM MeJA, resulting in a biomass close to that of plants not subjected to salt stress. To determine the parameters that correlate with MeJA-induced salt tolerance (assessed as the biomass production in saline and control conditions), we measured 14 physiological parameters relating to ion contents, plasma membrane permeability, photosynthetic parameters, salt gland density, and salt secretion. We identified a correlation between individual indicators and salt tolerance: the most positively correlated indicator was net photosynthetic rate, and the most negatively correlated one was relative electrical conductivity. These findings provide insights into a possible mechanism underlying MeJA-mediated salt stress alleviation.

Intracellular Elemental Concentrations in Resting and Secreting Rat Parotid Glands

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.T. Izutsu ◽  
D.E. Johnson ◽  
M. Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Rat Parotid ◽  
Micro Analysis

Electron probe x-ray micro-analysis was used to study the elemental concentration changes that occur during pilocarpine-stimulated saliva secretion. Quantitative x-ray micro-analysis of elemental concentrations in intracellular compartments of rat parotid glands stimulated in vivo with pilocarpine showed that Na concentration was significantly increased, while K concentration was significantly reduced. The magnitude of these changes was consistent with values obtained in other tissues with the x-ray micro-analysis method, and in the same tissue with other experimental methods. Comparisons with results from studies utilizing dispersed acini suggest that acinar dispersion procedures may affect intracellular elemental concentrations. Total electrolyte concentrations in cytoplasm and secretory granules were estimated to increase on a dry-weight basis following pilocarpine stimulation. The former change is consistent with the notion of a trans-cellular route of salivary fluid flow, while the latter change may be important in the exocytosis of secretory granules.

scholarly journals Influence of Mineral Admixtures on Corrosion Inhibition Effect of Nitrites

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengna Yang ◽  
Junzhe Liu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yushun Li ◽  
Yanhua Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nitrite Ion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Micro Analysis

Chemical quantitative analysis of effective anticorrosion component and micro-analysis of hydration products of fly ash and slag on the influence of the nitrites corrosion inhibition was studied by the free nitrite ion concentration and X-ray diffraction pattern. The free nitrite ion concentration was used to describe the corrosion inhibition effect of nitrites. And the X-ray diffraction patterns were used to analyze the adsorption properties. The research results show that fly ash and slag were beneficial for improving the corrosion inhibition effect of nitrites. Cement-based materials with slag at low content presented high free nitrite ion concentration, but the addition of low content of fly ash harmed the corrosion inhibition effect of nitrites. The specimens incorporated with both fly ash and slag can reach the highest free nitrite ion concentration when the compounding proportion was 1:1. It was concluded that the extent of mineral admixtures of the corrosion inhibition effect of nitrites was affected by its type and content.

scholarly journals Anatomical and histological study of the kidneys and salt glands in great flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Ali Faris Reshag
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Salt Gland ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Collecting Ducts

     This study was designed to explain the anatomy and histology of kidneys and salt glands in Great Flamingos. Eight adult healthy Great Flamingos of both sexes have been used. The results showed that the kidneys in Great Flamingos consist of three separated lobes. The right kidney was longer 8.9±0.3 mm than the left kidney 8.4±0.4mm. The ratio of the kidneys weight to the total body weight was 0.39%. The salt gland was very large crescent shape, and occupied the supraorbital fossa and has 20.8±0.2mm long and 3.9±0.2mm in diameter. The volume of cortex was 60-70% and the medulla was 30-40%. Within the middle region of cortex there were numerous large corpuscles (mammalian type) and few of small corpuscles (reptilian type). There was a variation between the means diameters of mammalian type 59±1µm and reptilian type 42±0.9µm. The proximal and distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts were lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and their means diameters were 46±0.9, 44±1 and 55.1±0.7µm, respectively. Within medulla the thick and thin segments were arranged at the peripheral zone of medullary cone while the collecting ducts were at the central part of cone and all were lined with simple cuboidal epithelium except thin segments were lined with squamous cells. The salt gland were consisted of lobules surrounded by thick connective tissue capsule and each has mass of branched tubuloacinar secretory unites. The latter were made up by single layer of cuboidal cells. The tubules lead into central duct lined by double layer of cuboidal cells while the main duct lined with stratified cuboidal epithelium. The secretory units of salt gland gave negative reaction to PAS and combined AB (pH 2.5) and PAS stains and this indicate the absence of neutral mucosubstances. The results concluded that the kidneys in great flamingo was small size organ with low relative weight in compare to birds size and the salt glands was active organ.

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