Coping styles and defense mechanisms utilised by patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome

The goal of the research was to determine whether people suffering from lrritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), differ from non-Irritable Bowel Syndrome sufferers in terms of their coping styles and defense mechanisms. The research project was divided into two studies, namely: the first studied coping styles used by lrritable Bowel Syndrome sufferers and the second study focused on the defense mechanisms of the same group. The sample consisted of 30 white women between the ages of 25 and 55 years, diagnosed with lrritable Bowel Syndrome. A control group, consisting of 30 same-aged white women was also studied studied. The results show a significant difference between the lrritable Bowel Syndrome group and the non-Irritable Bowel Syndrome group as measured by the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), the Defense Mechanisms lnventory (DMI) and the Coping perations Preference Enquiry (COPE). The implicati&s of these studies may be of great value in the non-pharmacological management or control of lrritable Bowel Syndrome. Possible directions for future research are proposed.OpsommingDie doel van die navorsing was om vas te stel of mense wat aan Prikkelbare Dermsindroom (PDS) ly, verskil van nie-Prikkelbare Dermsindroom lyers in terme van hulle hanteringsmeganismes en verdedigingsmeganismes. Die navorsing is in twee studies verdeel, naamlik: die eerste het hanteringstyle bestudeer wat gebruik word deur persone wat aan Prikkelbare Dermsindroom ly en die tweede studie het die verdedigingsmeganismes bestudeer in dieselfde groep. Die steekproef het bestaan uit 30 wit vrouens tussen die ouderdomme van 25 en 55 jaar wat gediagnoseer is met Prikkelbare Dermsindroom. 'n Kontrolegroep, bestaande uit 30 wit vrouens in dieselfde ouderdomsgroep, is ook bestudeer. Die resultate dui op 'n statisties beduidende verskil tussen die Prikkelbare Dermsindroom groep en die nie-Prikkelbare Dermsindroom groep soos gemeet deur die "Ways of Coping Questionnaire", die "Defense Mechanisms lnventory (DMI)" en die "Coping Operations Preference Enquiry (COPE)". Die implikasie van die studies mag van groot waarde wees in die nie-farmakologiese bestuur of beheer van Prikkelbare Dermsindroom. Moontlike rigtings vir toekomstige navorsing word voorgestel.

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Blastocystis sp. Carriage and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Is the Association Already Established?

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10040340 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 340

Author(s):

Fernando Salvador ◽

Beatriz Lobo ◽

Lidia Goterris ◽

Carmen Alonso-Cotoner ◽

Javier Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Microscopic Examination ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Diagnostic Technique ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Blastocystis Sp ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Asymptomatic Subjects

Background: The aim of the present study is to describe the occurrence of Blastocystis sp. detection among asymptomatic subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome in order to evaluate the potential association between irritable bowel syndrome and the parasitic infection. Methods: Cross-sectional study where adult patients with irritable bowel syndrome diagnosed according to Rome IV criteria were included. A control group was formed by asymptomatic subjects older than 18 years. Exclusion criteria were: immunosuppressive condition or having received any drug with demonstrated activity against Blastocystis sp. within the last 6 months before study inclusion. Epidemiological and clinical information was collected from all included participants. Two stool samples were obtained from all participants: one sample for microscopic examination and one sample for Blastocystis sp. PCR detection. Blastocystis sp. infection was defined by the positivity of any of the diagnostic techniques. Results: Seventy-two participants were included (36 asymptomatic subjects and 36 patients with irritable bowel syndrome). Thirty-five (48.6%) were men, and median age of participants was 34 (IQR 29–49) years. The overall rate of Blastocystis sp. carriage was 27.8% (20/72). The prevalence assessed through microscopic examination was 22.2% (16/72), while the prevalence measured by PCR was 15.3% (11/72). When comparing the presence of Blastocystis sp. between asymptomatic subjects and IBS patients, we did not find any statistically significant difference (36.1% vs. 19.4% respectively, p = 0.114). Conclusions: regarding the occurrence of Blastocystis sp., no differences were found between asymptomatic participants and patients with irritable bowel disease irrespective of the diagnostic technique performed.

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Managing irritable bowel syndrome: The impact of micro-physiotherapy

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2015-0044 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Grosjean ◽

Patrice Benini ◽

Pierre Carayon

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Study Groups ◽

Control Group ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Self Healing ◽

Double Blind ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

The Impact

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has a complex pathology, high prevalence and large impact on patients’ quality of life. As conventional therapy may yield unsatisfactory results, a more holistic approach may be desirable. The current study assessed the effect of micro-physiotherapy on the severity of IBS symptoms.MethodsIn a double-blind study, 61 recurrent IBS patients were randomised to two sessions of micro-physiotherapy or sham micro-physiotherapy. Inclusion criteria were the presence of ≥1 IBS symptom from abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhoea or bloating. Exclusion criteria were previous major intestinal surgery and the presence of chronic diseases. The mean patient age was 53.5±15.3 years. Micro-physiotherapy consisted of micro-palpatory examination to identify osteopathic lesions, followed by micro-massage to stimulate self-healing. The control group underwent a sham procedure. The presence and severity of symptoms was assessed at baseline and at 1-month follow-up by the same gastroenterologist.ResultsTwo patients did not complete the study. There was a significant difference in percentage of patients that improved after the first session, at 74 % for the micro-physiotherapy group and 38 % for the sham group, respectively (p=0.005). After the second session, the initial improvement was maintained in both groups, although with no further gains, and the differences between the study groups remained significant (p=0.007).ConclusionsMicro-physiotherapy significantly improves IBS symptoms and should be explored further for use in mainstream healthcare.

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Lack of Association Found betweenHelicobacter pyloriInfection and Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2016/3059201 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Feng Xiong ◽

Man Xiong ◽

Zonghui Ma ◽

Senxiong Huang ◽

Aimin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Rome Iii ◽

H Pylori ◽

Irritable Bowel

Aims. The association betweenHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is still controversial. Here we performed a retrospective study to explore this issue.Methods. A total of 502 inpatients with Rome III confirmed IBS-D and knownH. pyloristatus from 8 hospitals were enrolled.H. pylori-positive patients, hospitalized in the recent year, were followed up to evaluate the effects ofH. pylorieradication on IBS-D clinical course.Results. Of the 502 IBS-D patients, 206 wereH. pylori-positive, with an infection rate that has no significant difference with that of the general population in Guangdong province (p=0.348). For patients followed up, no significant differences were noted as to overall symptoms (p=0.562), abdominal pain/discomfort (p=0.777), bloating (p=0.736), stool frequency (p=0.835), or stool characteristics (p=0.928) between theH. pylori-eradicated group and the control group. The results were the same in long-term follow-up patients except the improvement of bloating, which showed that the bloating score in theH. pylori-eradicated group was significantly lower (p=0.047).Conclusions. No significant correlation betweenH. pyloriinfection and IBS-D was noted. Overall, IBS-D patients may not benefit fromH. pylorieradication.

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Defense Mechanisms in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Their Relationship with Symptom Severity and Quality of Life

Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases ◽

10.15171/mejdd.2019.143 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 158-165

Author(s):

Fahimeh Saeed ◽

Mansour Salehi ◽

Kaveh Alavi ◽

Hossein Ajdarkosh ◽

Fatemeh Kashaninasab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Control Group ◽

Life Questionnaire ◽

Acting Out ◽

The Mean ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Passive Aggression

BACKGROUND Despite the fact that there is theoretical evidence about the association between unconscious defense mechanisms and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), experimental evidence in this regard is limited. The aim of the present study was to compare the defense mechanisms used by the patients with IBS and a control group, and to investigate the relationship between these mechanisms with the severity of the disease and patients’ quality of life. METHODS Fourty-five patients with IBS (mean age of 37.1 years; 14 males) and 45 controls (mean age of 38.0 years; 13 males) were evaluated. IBS diagnosis was determined based on Rome III criteria and the predominant pattern of the disease was determined based on the patient’s history (13 diarrheapredominant, 16 constipation-predominant, and 16 alternating IBS). Defense Style Questionnaire-40, IBS Severity Scale, and IBS-Quality of Life questionnaire were used. RESULTS The mean scores of projection, acting-out, somatization, autistic fantasy, passive-aggression, and reaction formation in the IBS group were significantly higher than the control group and the mean scores of humor and anticipation mechanisms were higher in the control group. There was no significant correlation between the score of defense mechanisms and the severity of IBS and the patients’ quality of life. CONCLUSION The severity of immature defenses in the IBS group was significantly higher, whereas the severity of mature defenses was higher in the control group. These defenses were not correlated with the severity of IBS. Considering the limited sample size, these relationships need to be more investigated.

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Digestive symptoms in daily life of chronic adrenal insufficiency patients are similar to irritable bowel syndrome symptoms

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87158-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

L. Quénéhervé ◽

D. Drui ◽

J. Blin ◽

M. Péré ◽

E. Coron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Adrenal Insufficiency ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Control Group ◽

Non Profit ◽

Acute Adrenal Insufficiency ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Rome Iv

AbstractGastrointestinal symptoms are frequent in acute adrenal insufficiency. Although digestive symptoms can significantly reduce quality of life, they are rarely described in patients with treated chronic adrenal insufficiency (CAI). We aimed to characterize digestive symptoms in CAI patients. We used the section pertaining functional bowel disorders of the Rome IV questionnaire. A questionnaire was published on the website of the non-profit patient association “Adrenals” (NPPA of CAI patients) for five months. Information on demographics, characteristics of adrenal insufficiency, digestive symptoms and quality of life was collected. The relatives of CAI patients served as a control group. We analyzed responses of 33 control subjects and 119 patients (68 primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI), 30 secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) and 21 congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)). Abdominal pain at least once a week over the past 3 months was reported by 40%, 47% and 33% of patients with PAI, SAI and CAH respectively versus 15% for the controls (p = 0.01). Symptoms were consistent with the Rome IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome in 27%, 33% and 33% of patients respectively versus 6% for the controls (p < 0.0001). Quality of life was described as poor or very poor in 35%, 57% and 24% of patients respectively versus 5% for the controls (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, digestive symptoms are frequent and incapacitating in CAI patients and similar to symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in 30% of CAI patients. Assessment and management of digestive symptoms should be considered a priority for physicians treating patients with CAI.

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Irritable bowel syndrome and transplantation of fecal microbiota. Review

Modern Gastroenterology ◽

10.30978/mg-2021-4-45 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

G. D. Fadieienko ◽

O. Y. Gridnyev

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Positive Outcome ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Global Improvement ◽

Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Irritable Bowel

Objective — to perform analysis of the literature data as regards the efficacy of the use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Materials and methods. The systematic review of the literature (PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library) has been performed to assess the results of investigation on the use of FMT in adult IBS patients. Results. Currently, FMT is a safe and highly successful method of treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, and possibility to use FMT in the treatment of other diseases is under investigation. The results of FMT treatment of patients with IBS are contradictory. A number of authors outline fairly high FMT efficacy when used for the treatment of patients with IBS, refractory to the standard methods: it varies from 36 % to 70 % with a duration of adequate symptoms’ relief up to 1 year. However, other authors indicate that the positive FMT clinical effect lasted from 8 weeks to 3 months, after which there was a gradual recovery of symptoms. At the same time, the researchers noted that mostly often the positive outcome was reached after FMT from donors with a higher number of streptococci in the feces. Still others point out that there was no sustained, at least 50‑point reduction in the severity of IBS symptoms from baseline. Some authors did not reveal the advantages of FMT over placebo control and even reported about the higher placebo efficacy. After data generalization no significant difference was revealed in the global improvement in IBS symptoms in patients receiving donor FM versus placebo. However, the attention is drawn to the relationship between the results of FMT with methodology. Indeed, several studies have shown that placebo capsules were more effective than capsules containing donor feces, whereas FMT from donor stool delivered by colonoscopy was superior to FMF from autologous stool. This may be due to the excipients, containing in the capsulated FMT. A number of researchers also indicated that the use of a super donor is necessary for successful FMT and that the response to FMT is dose dependent. Conclusions. To resolve the issue of the expediency of using FMT in routine clinical practice in patients with IBS, more qualitative controlled studies, involving large cohorts of IBS patients and long‑term follow‑up, are required.

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Integrative analysis of the gut microbiome and metabolome in a rat model with stress induced irritable bowel syndrome

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-97083-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yue Hu ◽

Fang Chen ◽

Haiyong Ye ◽

Bin Lu

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Rat Model ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Metabolic Phenotype ◽

Control Group ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbial Dysbiosis ◽

Irritable Bowel

AbstractStress is one of the major causes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is well-known for perturbing the microbiome and exacerbating IBS-associated symptoms. However, changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in response to colorectal distention (CRD), combined with restraint stress (RS) administration, remains unclear. In this study, CRD and RS stress were used to construct an IBS rat model. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the microbiota in ileocecal contents. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS assay was used to characterize the metabolome of gut microbiota. As a result, significant gut microbial dysbiosis was observed in stress-induced IBS rats, with the obvious enrichment of three and depletion of 11 bacterial taxa in IBS rats, when compared with those in the control group (q < 0.05). Meanwhile, distinct changes in the fecal metabolic phenotype of stress-induced IBS rats were also found, including five increased and 19 decreased metabolites. Furthermore, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis were the main metabolic pathways induced by IBS stress. Moreover, the altered gut microbiota had a strong correlation with the changes in metabolism of stress-induced IBS rats. Prevotella bacteria are correlated with the metabolism of 1-Naphthol and Arg.Thr. In conclusion, the gut microbiome, metabolome and their interaction were altered. This may be critical for the development of stress-induced IBS.

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Clinical Application of Dietary Therapies in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases ◽

10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.273.avy ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 307-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Anupam Rej ◽

Amanda Avery ◽

Alexander Charles Ford ◽

Anne Holdoway ◽

Matthew Kurien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Randomized Trials ◽

Individual Therapy ◽

Dietary Therapy ◽

Round Table Discussion ◽

Mesh Terms ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Fodmap Diet

Background & Aims: Diet appears to play a pivotal role in symptom generation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). First line dietary therapy for IBS has focused on advice concerning healthy eating and lifestyle management. Research recently has focused on the role of a diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs), gluten free (GFD) and wheat free (WFD) diets for the relief of symptoms in IBS.Methods: A round table discussion with gastroenterologists and dietitians with a specialist interest in dietary therapies in IBS was held in Sheffield, United Kingdom in May 2017. Existing literature was reviewed. PubMed and EMBASE were searched with the MeSH terms irritable bowel syndrome/diet/diet therapy/gluten/low FODMAP in different combinations to identify relevant articles. A consensus on the application of these dietary therapies into day-to-day practice was developed. Results: Fourteen randomized trials in IBS evaluating the low FODMAP diet (n studies = 9), GFD (n = 4) and WFD (n = 1) were included in this review. The total number of patients recruited from randomized trials reviewed was: n=580 low FODMAP diet (female, n=430), n=203 GFD (female, n=139), n=276 WFD (female, n=215). There was no significant difference in the gender of patients recruited for both the low FODMAP and GFD randomized studies (p=0.12). The response rate in the literature to a low FODMAP diet ranged between 50-76%, and to GFD ranged between 34-71%. Percentage of IBS patients identified as wheat sensitive was reported as 30% in the literature. Conclusion: There are no head-to-head trials to date utilizing the low FODMAP diet, GFD and WFD for dietary treatment of IBS and still a number of concerns for diets, including nutritional inadequacy and alteration of the gut microbiota. The consensus suggests that there is evidence for the use of the low FODMAP diet, GFD and WFD as dietary therapies for IBS; the decision-making process for using each individual therapy should be directed by a detailed history by the dietitian, involving the patient in the process.

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Treatment of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome and noninfective irritable bowel syndrome with mesalazine

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-28032011000100008 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 36-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Mauro Bafutto ◽

José Roberto de Almeida ◽

Nayle Vilela Leite ◽

Enio Chaves Oliveira ◽

Salustiano Gabriel-Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Abdominal Pain ◽

Symptom Score ◽

Stool Frequency ◽

Total Symptom Score ◽

Stool Consistency ◽

Mucosal Inflammation ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome Group ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome

CONTEXT: Recent studies support the hypothesis that postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome and some irritable bowel syndrome patients display persistent signs of minor mucosal inflammation. Mesalazine has intestinal anti-inflammatory properties including cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin inhibition. The effects of mesalazine on postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome and noninfective irritable bowel syndrome patients are still unknown. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of mesalazine on postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome and noninfective irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea patients. METHODS: Based on Rome III criteria, 61 irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea patients (18 years old or more) were included in the evaluation. Patients were divided into two groups: postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome group, with 18 patients medicated with mesalazine 800 mg 3 times a day for 30 days; noninfective irritable bowel syndrome group, with 43 patients medicated with mesalazine 800 mg 3 times a day for 30 days. Symptom evaluations at baseline and after treatment were performed by means of a four-point Likert scale including stool frequency, stool form and consistency (Bristol Stool Scale), abdominal pain and distension (maximum score: 16; minimum score: 4). RESULTS: Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome group presented a statistically significant reduction of the total symptom score (P<0.0001). The stool frequency was significantly reduced (P<0.0001), and stool consistency, improved (P<0.0001). Abdominal pain (P<0.0001) and abdominal distension were significantly reduced (P<0.0001). Noninfective irritable bowel syndrome group presented a statistically significant reduction of total symptom score (P<0.0001). Also, the stool frequency was significantly reduced (P<0.0001) and stool consistency, improved (P<0.0001). Abdominal pain (P<0.0001) and abdominal distention were significantly reduced (P<0.0001). There was no statistical difference between postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome group and noninfective irritable bowel syndrome group on total symptom score results at 30th day of therapy with mesalazine 800 mg 3 times a day. (P = 0.13). CONCLUSION: Mesalazine reduced key symptoms of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome and noninfective irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea patients.

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Clinical Response and Changes of Cytokines and Zonulin Levels in Patients with Diarrhoea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Treated with Bifidobacterium Longum ES1 for 8 or 12 Weeks: A Preliminary Report

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9082353 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 2353

Author(s):

Gian Paolo Caviglia ◽

Alessandra Tucci ◽

Rinaldo Pellicano ◽

Sharmila Fagoonee ◽

Chiara Rosso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Clinical Response ◽

Bifidobacterium Longum ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Response To Therapy ◽

Intestinal Barrier Function ◽

Control Group ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Irritable Bowel

Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) ES1 is a probiotic strain capable of modulating microbiome composition, anti-inflammatory activity and intestinal barrier function. We investigated the use of B. Longum ES1 in the treatment of patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Sixteen patients were treated for 8 or 12 weeks with B. Longum ES1 (1 × 109 CFU/day). Serum zonulin and cytokines were measured at baseline (T0) and at the end of therapy (T1). Clinical response to therapy was assessed by IBS Severity Scoring System. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-12p70 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α levels decreased from T0 to T1, irrespective of treatment duration (p < 0.05), while zonulin levels diminished only in patients treated for 12 weeks (p = 0.036). Clinical response was observed in 5/16 patients (31%): 4/8 (50%) treated for 12 weeks and 1/8 (13%) treated for 8 weeks. Abdominal pain improved only in patients treated for 12 weeks (5/8 vs. 0/8, p = 0.025), while stool consistency improved regardless of therapy duration (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the results of this pilot study showed, in IBS-D patients treated for 12 weeks with B. longum ES1, a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and intestinal permeability as well as an improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms, but further studies including a placebo-control group are necessary to prove a causal link.

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