Corrigendum: Antioxidant assessment of characterised essential oils from Calophyllum inophyllum Linn using 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl and hydrogen peroxide methods

Annona muricata, also called soursop, is widespread in many tropical countries, and various parts of the plant have been shown to possess very good pharmacological properties. This work evaluated the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of essential oils obtained from the fruit pulp and leaves of soursop. Essential oils were obtained via hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antioxidant potential was evaluated via the phosphomolybdenum, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assays. In the leaf essential oil, a total of 31 compounds were identified with δ-cadinene (22.58%) and α-muurolene (10.64%) being the most abundant. Thirty-two compounds were identified in the fruit pulp essential oil with Ç-sitosterol (19.82%) and 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (13.48%) being present in high amounts. Both essential oils showed very good total antioxidant capacities (49.03 gAAE/100 g and 50.88 gAAE/100 g for fruit pulp and leaf essential oils, respectively). The IC50 values from the DPPH assay were 244.8 ± 3.2 μg/mL for leaf essential oil and 512 ± 5.1 μg/mL for the fruit pulp essential oil. At 1 mg/mL, hydrogen peroxide scavenged was below 50% for both leaf and fruit pulp essential oils, indicating moderate activity. These results suggest possible application of the essential oils of Annona muricata in food preservation and processing.

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α-amylase and α-glucosidase antidiabetic potential of ten essential oils from Calophyllum inophyllum Linn

Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine ◽

10.53986/ibjm.2020.0046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 253-260

Author(s):

Emmanuel Onah Ojah ◽

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Dorcas Olufunke Moronkola ◽

Adeniyi-Akee Mukaram ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Health Concern ◽

Root Bark ◽

Calophyllum Inophyllum ◽

Stem Wood ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Local Sourcing

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder which is of public health concern. Therapeutic intervention using reliable, affordable and non-toxic natural sources is crucial. Aim of the study: This research was designed to evaluate the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of ten essential oils from Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. The study is part of our local sourcing for natural promising leads to ameliorating diabetes mellitus globally. Materials and methods: Essential oils from ten parts of C. inophyllum Linn were extracted by hydro-distillation using all-glass Clevenger-type apparatus. The percentage yields (w/v) were between 0.219 and 0.506 %. A plot of percentage inhibition versus concentration (mg/mL) of essential oils gave the IC50 values for each essential oil using non-linear regression analysis in reference to acarbose a standard anti-diabetic drug. Results: The following IC50 values (mg/mL) were obtained in the determination of α-amylase inhibition: [(Leaf, 0.043±0.05); (Leaf-stalk, 0.044±0.02); (Flower, 0.045±0.05); (Seed, 0.042±0.03); (Pod, 0.040±0.05); (Peel, 0.047±0.09); (Stem wood, 0.047±0.02); (Stem bark, 0.049±0.05); (Root wood, 0.048±0.05) and (Root bark, 0.046±0.04)] compared to acarbose (0.034±0.02). While α-glucosidase assay gave the following IC50 values (mg/mL): [(Leaf, 0.044±0.02); (Leaf-stalk, 0.043±0.03); (Flower, 0.044±0.04); (Seed, 0.048±0.02); (Pod, 0.038±0.04); (Peel, 0.048±0.03); (Stem wood, 0.048±0.04); (Stem bark, 0.048±0.02); (Root wood, 0.047±0.04) and (Root bark, 0.045±0.04)] with reference to acarbose (0.032±0.04). The high α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of pod essential oil in comparison with the reference drug must be due to the presence of some impact bioactive phyto-contituents in it. Conclusion: C. inophyllum Linn has been considered a fundamental source of potent anti-diabetic drugs which could be useful in the management of postprandial hyperglycemia.

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Repellency to Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) of Plant Essential Oils Alone or in Combination With Calophyllum inophyllum Nut Oil

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jmedent/47.4.575 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 575-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tran Trung Hieu ◽

Soon-Il Kim ◽

Sang-Guei Lee ◽

Young-Joon Ahn

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Binary Mixtures ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽

Human Hand ◽

Calophyllum Inophyllum ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Protection Time ◽

Human Male ◽

Human Volunteers

Abstract The repellency to female Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) of 21 essential oils (EOs) alone or in combination with Calophyllum inophyllum L. (Clusiaceae) nut oil (tamanu oil) was examined using an exposed human hand bioassay. Results were compared with those of commonly used repellent N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET). In tests with six human male volunteers at a dose of 0.5 mg/cm2, patchouli (protection time [PT], 3.67 h) was the most effective EO but less active than DEET (4.47 h), as judged by the PT to first bite. Very strong repellency also was produced by clove bud, lovage root, and clove leaf EOs (PT, 3.50–3.25 h), whereas strong repellency was obtained from thyme white EO (2.12 h). Thyme red, oregano, and geranium EOs exhibited moderate repellency (PT, 1.24–1.11 h). At 0.25 mg/cm2, protection time of clove bud, clove leaf, and lovage root EOs (PT, ≈1 h) was shorter than that of DEET (2.17 h). An increase in the protection time was produced by binary mixtures (PT, 2.68–2.04 h) of five EOs (clove bud, clove leaf, thyme white, patchouli, and savory) and tamanu oil (0.25:2.0 mg/cm2) compared with that of either the constituted essential oil or tamanu oil alone (PT, 0.56 h). The protection time of these binary mixtures was comparable with that of DEET. With the exception of savory EO, the other EOs, tamanu oil, and binary mixtures did not induce any adverse effects on the human volunteers at 0.5 mg/cm2. Thus, binary mixtures of essential oils and tamanu oil described merit further study as potential repellents for protection from humans and domestic animals from biting and nuisance caused by S. calcitrans.

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Peroxidase Localization in Hartmanella Trophozoites

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100065778 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 346-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

George E. Childs ◽

Joseph H. Miller

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Ultrastructural Localization ◽

Pathogenic Strain ◽

Oxidative Enzymes ◽

Differential Centrifugation ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Microscopic Studies ◽

The Subject ◽

Axenic Cultures

Biochemical and differential centrifugation studies have demonstrated that the oxidative enzymes of Acanthamoeba sp. are localized in mitochondria and peroxisomes (microbodies). Although hartmanellid amoebae have been the subject of several electron microscopic studies, peroxisomes have not been described from these organisms or other protozoa. Cytochemical tests employing diaminobenzidine-tetra HCl (DAB) and hydrogen peroxide were used for the ultrastructural localization of peroxidases of trophozoites of Hartmanella sp. (A-l, Culbertson), a pathogenic strain grown in axenic cultures of trypticase soy broth.

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Essential Oils and Related Products

Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1021/ac60198a019 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 5-0 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James A. Rogers

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils

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Fluorescent proteins for in vivo imaging, where's the biliverdin?

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst20200444 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 2657-2667

Author(s):

Felipe Montecinos-Franjola ◽

John Y. Lin ◽

Erik A. Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

In Vivo Imaging ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Fluorescent Proteins ◽

Fluorescent Imaging ◽

Infrared Light ◽

Red Fluorescent Protein ◽

Color Palette

Noninvasive fluorescent imaging requires far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for deeper imaging. Near-infrared light penetrates biological tissue with blood vessels due to low absorbance, scattering, and reflection of light and has a greater signal-to-noise due to less autofluorescence. Far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins absorb light >600 nm to expand the color palette for imaging multiple biosensors and noninvasive in vivo imaging. The ideal fluorescent proteins are bright, photobleach minimally, express well in the desired cells, do not oligomerize, and generate or incorporate exogenous fluorophores efficiently. Coral-derived red fluorescent proteins require oxygen for fluorophore formation and release two hydrogen peroxide molecules. New fluorescent proteins based on phytochrome and phycobiliproteins use biliverdin IXα as fluorophores, do not require oxygen for maturation to image anaerobic organisms and tumor core, and do not generate hydrogen peroxide. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein (smURFP) was evolved from a cyanobacterial phycobiliprotein to covalently attach biliverdin as an exogenous fluorophore. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein is biophysically as bright as the enhanced green fluorescent protein, is exceptionally photostable, used for biosensor development, and visible in living mice. Novel applications of smURFP include in vitro protein diagnostics with attomolar (10−18 M) sensitivity, encapsulation in viral particles, and fluorescent protein nanoparticles. However, the availability of biliverdin limits the fluorescence of biliverdin-attaching fluorescent proteins; hence, extra biliverdin is needed to enhance brightness. New methods for improved biliverdin bioavailability are necessary to develop improved bright far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for noninvasive imaging in vivo.

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