scholarly journals Prevalence of Brucellosis in Dairy Cattle in Organized and Smallholder Farms in Some Selected Areas of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
MAS Sarker ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
AKMA Rahman ◽  
MB Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Confirmatory Tests

Brucellosis causes a great economic loss to the livestock industries through abortion, infertility,birth of weak and dead offspring, increased calving interval and reduction of milk yield and it is endemic in Bangladesh. In this study we collected milk and blood samples simultaneously from533 cows of Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm, Savar, Dhaka and different Upazilas of Gaibandha and Mymensingh District. Five hundred thirty three samples were examined for antibodies to Brucella using the Milk Ring Test (MRT) and Rose Bengal Test (RBT). Overall 2.62 % of milk samples were positive according to MRT, while2.06 % of the serum samples were positive to the RBT. Only 6 (1.13 %) of the samples were positive for both test (MRT and RBT). Out of 312 samples only 10 (3.20 %) were positive to MRT while 8(2.06%) were positive to RBT in Holstein Friesian cross (p>0.05) on the other hand out of 221 samples only 4 (1.80%) were positive to MRT while 3(1.35%) were positive to RBT in Sahiwal cross. The prevalence of brucellosis was significantly higher in the age group of > 5 years than other age groups (p?0.01) on both test (MRT 2.75%and RBT 2.25%).Based on parity, significantly higher prevalence (MRT 2.93% and RBT 2.44%) of MRT and RBT were obtainedin parity 3-5in comparison to other parity group (p?0.01). It is, however, obvious that although the MRT is 1st-line screening tests for brucellosis in cows in some countries, their lack of specificity is of concern. Therefore, the requirement for other confirmatory tests that are more specific should be used for the diagnosis of the disease, especially in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21280 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 167-171 

scholarly journals The use of the milk ring test and rose bengal test in brucellosis control and eradication in Nigeria

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I.B. Cadmus ◽  
H.K. Adesokan ◽  
J. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Rose Bengal Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control And Eradication ◽  
Milk Ring Test

In this study, milk and blood samples collected simultaneously from 532 trade cows to be slaughtered at Bodija abattoir, Ibadan (southwestern, Nigeria) were examined for antibodies to Brucella using the milk ring test (MRT) and the rose bengal test (RBT). Overall, 18.61%of the milk samples were positive according to the MRT, while 9.77 % of the serum samples were positive according to the RBT. The difference was highly significant (Chi-square value 16.33; P<0.05); only 32 (6.02 %) of the samples were positive for both tests. The Red Bororo breed of cattle and the White Fulani had the highest positive rates, namely 20.93 % and 11.69%for the MRT and RBT respectively.No conclusion can be drawn about sensitivity because we do not know the true status of the animals tested. It is, however, obvious that although the MRT and RBT are 1st-line screening tests for brucellosis in cows in some countries, their lack of specificity is of concern. Therefore, the requirement for other confirmatory tests that are more specific should be considered for control and eradication of the disease, especially in Nigeria.

Seroprevalence of Chlamydia abortus Among Cattle of Selected Areas in Terai Belt of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-367
Author(s):  
Rupak Kandel ◽  
Deepak Subedi ◽  
Chet Narayan Kharel
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chlamydia Abortus ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Holstein Friesian

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Chlamydia abortus in dairy cattle of selected areas in Chitwan, Nawalpur, and Rupandehi districts, Nepal from November to December 2018. A total of 92 serum samples were collected and screened by Indirect ELISA from ID vet. Out of 92 samples, three samples were positive resulting overall prevalence of 3.27%. As there is no practice of vaccination, overall seroprevalence was from natural infection. Significantly (p=0.034) all samples were seropositive from the Rupandehi district. Sero-prevalence was higher in Jersey crosses (4.22%) as compared to Holstein Friesian (HF) crosses (0%) and cattle of age >3 years were found to be more seropositive (6.97%) as compared to cattle of age ≤3 years (0%). There was no statistically significant association of seroprevalence with breed and age group. Thus, the cattle population of Rupandehi District are at high risk of acquiring chlamydia infection. Strict quarantine and good biosecurity can prevent the possibility of a disease outbreak.

scholarly journals SEROPREVALENCE OF INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS (IBR) IN NORTH EASTERN (NE) STATES OF INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
Sharanagouda S. Patil ◽  
◽  
R. Ravindran ◽  
R. Sowjanyakumari ◽  
K.P. Suresh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Sampling Methodology ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
North Eastern

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is an infectious disease caused by BoHV-1 and belongs to the Herpesviridae family. IBR is endemic in India including north eastern states of the country. Hence the study was undertaken to understand the seroprevalence of IBR in north eastern parts of the country. A total of 3125 cattle (Holstein Friesian crossbred) serum samples from 35 districts of five north eastern states (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Sikkim) of India were screened for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus antibodies using Avidin biotin ELISA. A two-stage random sampling methodology was followed for the collection of samples. Results from the present study revealed that the overall seropositivity was reported around 29.50% while the highest and lowest seropositivity of 43.39% and 16.66% were reported in the states of Sikkim and Assam respectively, followed by Mizoram (42.16%), Manipur (29.86%) and Meghalaya (27.40%). Cattle of higher age groups showed the highest seropositivity compared to younger ones. A higher percent of IBR antibodies in cattle of NE states is a cause of concern and a detailed study on IBR prevalence comprising of a large number of the bovine population need to be undertaken.

Comparison of milk production, mastitis, lameness and days to conception of Brown Swiss, Holstein and Holstein cross Brown Swiss dairy cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
G Wellwood ◽  
J K Margerison
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Holstein Friesian

Mastitis is a complex disease causing inflammation of the udder, which has been estimated to cost the dairy farmer between £40-£117/cow per year (Stott et al., 2002). Economic loss occurs as a result of discarded milk, reduced milk yield and milk quality, increased vet costs and an increase in replacement costs. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of breed on the incidence of mastitis and somatic cell counts and milk production capabilities of Holstein Friesian, Brown Swiss and Brown Swiss crossbred cows.

Distribution of Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein H Genotypes in Different Samples from Chinese Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Lu-Yan Chen ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Shi-Qiang Shang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Predominant Genotype ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Glycoprotein H

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate characteristics of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein H (gH) genotypes in urine, throat swab, and serum from children and breast milk from children's mothers. Methods Fresh urine samples, throat swabs, or serum samples from children and breast milk samples from children's mothers were collected for HCMV DNA detection. The positive samples of HCMV DNA were further detected by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with gH typing. Results Of 1,703 HCMV DNA-positive samples, the highest proportion (83.3%, 85/102) of children aged between 21 days and 3 months was detected positive in breast milk samples (p = 0.002), and the highest proportion (70.5%, 110/156) of children aged above 3 months was detected positive in throat swab samples (p = 0.002). HCMV in throat swab specimens is mainly high copy (p < 0.0001), and low-copy HCMV is prevalent in breast specimens (p < 0.0001). Among them, 1,059 samples were identified as gH1 genotype, 530 samples were gH2, and 114 samples were coinfection (gH1/2). There had the highest gH2 rates (32.3%) and lowest gH1 (61.0%) rates in urine samples (p = 0.041), whereas the highest gH1 rates (71.6%) and lowest gH2 rates (19.6%) were found in breast milk samples (p = 0.032). Concerning age groups, patients aged between 21 days and 3 months had the highest gH1 proportion (p = 0.017), while patients aged above 3 months had the highest gH1 and gH2 HCMV coinfection proportion (p = 0.002). Among 43 pairs of maternal and child samples corresponding to positive samples, gH genotype of 35 pairs of samples was consistent with a rate of 81.4%. Conclusion gH1 is the predominant genotype of HCMV in each kind of sample in China. However, the distribution of the HCMV gH genotype is different among different samples.

scholarly journals Immunodiagnosis of human neurocysticercosis by using semi-purified scolex antigens from Taenia solium cysticerci

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Iudici Neto ◽  
Geraldo Pianetti-Filho ◽  
Ricardo Nascimento Araújo ◽  
Evaldo Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Crude Antigen ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Confirmatory Tests

Crude antigen and semi-purified proteins from scolices of Taenia solium cysticerci were evaluated for the immunodiagnosis of human neurocysticercosis neurocysticercosis. Semi-purified proteins obtained by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel and by electroelution were tested by means of the immunoenzymatic reaction against sera from normal individuals and from patients with neurocysticercosis or other parasitic diseases. The 100kDa protein provided 100% sensitivity and specificity in the immunodiagnosis. When 95 or 26kDa proteins were used, 95 and 100% sensitivity and specificity were obtained, respectively. The assays involving crude antigen and sera from normal individuals or from patients with neurocysticercosis, diluted to 1:256, gave excellent agreement with those in which 100, 95 or 26kDa proteins were tested against the same serum samples diluted to 1:64. (Kappa: 0.95 to 1.00). Crude scolex antigen may be useful for serological screening, while 100, 95 or 26kDa protein can be used in confirmatory tests on neurocysticercosis-positive cases.

scholarly journals Recombinant Dense Granular Protein (GRA5) for Detection of Human Toxoplasmosis by Western Blot

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Teng Ching ◽  
Yee Ling Lau ◽  
Mun Yik Fong ◽  
Veeranoot Nissapatorn ◽  
Hemah Andiappan
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Human Patient ◽  
Prokaryotic Expression System ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Lysate Antigens

Toxoplasma gondiiinfects all warm-blooded animals, including humans, causing serious public health problems and great economic loss for the food industry. Commonly used serological tests require costly and hazardous preparation of wholeToxoplasmalysate antigens from tachyzoites. Here, we have evaluated an alternative method for antigen production, which involved a prokaryotic expression system. Specifically, we expressedT. gondiidense granular protein-5 (GRA5) inEscherichia coliand isolated it by affinity purification. The serodiagnostic potential of the purified recombinant GRA5 (rGRA5) was tested through Western blot analysis against 212 human patient serum samples. We found that rGRA5 protein was 100% specific for analysis of toxoplasmosis-negative human sera. Also, rGRA5 was able to detect acute and chronicT. gondiiinfections (sensitivities of 46.8% and 61.2%, resp.).

scholarly journals Effect of heat stress on milk production and its composition of Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Al Reyad ◽  
Md Abid Hasan Sarker ◽  
Md Elias Uddin ◽  
Raihan Habib ◽  
Md Harun Ur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this research was to observe the effect of heat stress on milk yield and milk compositions of Holstein Friesian crossbred (HF) dairy cows. To fulfill the objectives, a total of 9 Holstein Friesian crossbred cows were selected for this study. Green grasses (German, Para) were supplied adlibitum and concentrate feeds (mixture of wheat bran, rice polish, mustard oil cake, di-calcium phosphate and salt) were supplied at the rate of 2.0 kg/day/cow. Management practices for all the cows were similar following the BAU Dairy farm practices. Data were collected on milk yield (l/h/d), relative humidity (%) and barn temperature (0C). The obtained temperature humidity index (THI) of July, August, September and October were 84.95, 81.99, 81.40 and 79.57, respectively. The highest THI was found in July which indicated higher heat stress during this month. A significant difference (p<0.05) in milk yield of cows was found among different months of July to October. The highest milk yield (6.10±0.50 l/h/d) was found in October among observed months. The compositions of milk such as total solids (TS), solids-not-fat (SNF), fat, protein, lactose, and ash also differed significantly (p<0.01). The highest values (%) of TS, SNF, fat, protein, lactose and ash content of milk were found in October as 12.63, 8.80, 3.83, 3.69, 4.39 and 0.72, respectively and lowest values (%) were in July as 12.20, 8.50, 3.71, 3.50, 4.30 and 0.69, respectively due to the high THI value. From these results, it is concluded that heat stress has strong effect on milk yield and milk composition of HF cows in Bangladesh. Management strategies are needed to minimize heat stress and attain optimal dairy animal performance.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 190-195

scholarly journals Use of seroprevalence to guide dengue vaccination plans for older adults in a dengue non-endemic country

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0009312
Author(s):  
Yi-Hua Pan ◽  
Mei-Ying Liao ◽  
Yu-Wen Chien ◽  
Tzong-Shiann Ho ◽  
Hui-Ying Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Age Range

A shift in dengue cases toward the adult population, accompanied by an increased risk of severe cases of dengue in the elderly, has created an important emerging issue in the past decade. To understand the level of past DENV infection among older adults after a large dengue outbreak occurred in southern Taiwan in 2015, we screened 1498 and 2603 serum samples from healthy residents aged ≥ 40 years in Kaohsiung City and Tainan City, respectively, to assess the seroprevalence of anti-DENV IgG in 2016. Seropositive samples were verified to exclude cross-reaction from Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), using DENV/JEV-NS1 indirect IgG ELISA. We further identified viral serotypes and secondary DENV infections among positive samples in the two cities. The overall age-standardized seroprevalence of DENV-IgG among participants was 25.77% in Kaohsiung and 11.40% in Tainan, and the seroprevalence was significantly higher in older age groups of both cities. Although the percentages of secondary DENV infection in Kaohsiung and Tainan were very similar (43.09% and 44.76%, respectively), DENV-1 and DENV-2 spanned a wider age range in Kaohsiung, whereas DENV-2 was dominant in Tainan. As very few studies have obtained the serostatus of DENV infection in older adults and the elderly, this study highlights the need for further investigation into antibody status, as well as the safety and efficacy of dengue vaccination in these older populations.

scholarly journals Symptomatic Hypokalemia in a 19-Year-Old Student

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Sara Pereira ◽  
André Salgueiro ◽  
Paula Rosa ◽  
Carla Peixoto ◽  
Marta Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Adrenal Adenoma ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary arterial hypertension and is frequently undiagnosed. It affects all ages but is more frequent between 20 and 60 years old. The clinical presentation is variable, and the diagnosis is based on screening and, in equivocal cases, confirmatory tests. A 19-year-old student presented with complaints of extreme fatigue, arterial hypertension, hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis, raising a high index of suspicion for PA. Screening tests were performed and its expressiveness excluded the need of confirmatory tests. CT-scan showed a unilateral adrenal adenoma and the patient was submitted to laparoscopic adenectomy without complications. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to avoid long term complications of PA.

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