scholarly journals Shakespeare and Stoppard: Chess and Diabolo

Literator ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-40
Author(s):  
B. Claassen
Keyword(s):  

Hamlet must he given the first word in this, because he underlines the intricacy of the creation with whom one is concerned here, i.e. man. Trying to outline, interpret and contrast the representative literary works of two vastly differing); ages may well be considered the task of a lifetime. Shakespeare’s Hamlet may be considered as representative of the drama of the Elizabethan age, while Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead and dogg's Hamlet are representative of contemporary drama.

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Zhang Meilan ◽  
Zhan Hao

Through examination of variants in two versions of Jinpingmei, three versions of Water Margin, two versions of Journey to the West, and between relevant sections of Qingpingshantang Scripts, Ancient and Modern Fiction, Jingshi Tongyan, and Amazing Stories, the existence of two trends of elegance and popularity in the orthography of different versions and literary works may be detected. Those texts with a more elegant character have been largely influenced by a strategy of standardized orthography, which is closely related to the creation purpose, knowledge, and cultural awareness of the authors, the willingness of booksellers to produce and sell such works, and their target consumers and readership. The differentiation between elegance and popularity in the character of literary works truly reflects the divergence of different texts within different social strata, which is not only a linguistic and philological question, but also a sociological one.


SUAR BETANG ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
NFN Basori

Poetry, as well as other literary works, is a speech. If poetry is a speech, it indicates the presence speaker and hearer. In this study, a poetry as speech is examined using pragmatic theories which include implicatures, language play, as well as the implications of the meaning to the reader as a hearer. This study will describe the Remy Sylado strategy and skill in the use of language elements in the creation of poetry that has the effect of humour for readers. The theory is used to dissect the data is pragmatic theory relating to implicature, cooperative principle, and politeness principle. The use of cooperative and politeness principle concerned with the analysis that these poems can be included in the category of humour. In general, humour was identified as a symptom that violates the language. The principle of inequality, unpredictability, and pornography is a humour characteristic. This carefully situations produced four strategies used by Remy Sylado to convey his ideas to the reader, namely puns, pornography, slip of the tongue, and unpredictability.


Author(s):  
Nemchenko I.V.

Purpose. Many writers from various epochs and countries have been admirers and propagandists of the bestiary space. The purpose of the work is to analyze the animalistic images and symbols in the Ukrainian poet Ivan Zlatokudr’s lyrics in the late of 20th and early 21st century.Methods. The elements of the following methods are used in the research: cultural and historical (helps to investigate the functions of poet’s lyrical images in the process of representation of the features of Ukrainian national nature and historical epoch), aesthetic (allows analyzing each text as a phenomenon of literature and art), miphological (for coverage of reproduction of miphological images by poet), hermeneutic (ensures free and open interpretation of texts with the possibility for new explanations), biographic (helps to describe autobiographic markers in the writer's literary works), descriptive (systematization of various elements of the animalistic space in the lyrics of the poet), intertextual (links between writer’s poems and folklore songs and literary general tradition), textual analysis (for coverage of the animalistic motifs and images of Zlatokudr’s collection). The research is based on the general methods of analysis, synthesis, observation, selection and systematization of the material.Results. The author of this article represented the results of literary analysis accomplished over the texts of Ivan Zlatokudr with animalistic motifs and images. The symbols of a horse, dog, cow, ox, sheep, cat, deer, wolf, fox, bear and other animals play an important role in the creation of the artistic image of the world in the writer’s version and show his psychology. The article finds out that Ivan Zlatokudr has delicate understanding of bestiarial space. The effect of a hero’s co-living with the environment depicted by the author, with the animalistic environment in particular, is characteristic of writer’s lyrical collection. Ivan Zlatokudr’s works combine real and fairy plans, have characteristics of legends, tales and mysteries. The poet’s bestiarial dimension deepens understanding of nature and difficult world of human relations and feelings and it has national and similarity sounding. Мета. Бестіарний світ приваблює багатьох письменників різних часів і народів – від давнини й до сьогодення. Метою нашої статті є висвітлення особливостей творення образів-символів звірів у ліричних текстах українського поета з Польщі Івана Златокудра кінця ХХ – початку ХХІ століття.Методи. У статті використано елементи таких методів: культурно-історичного (допомагає виcвітлити функції ліричної образності у процесі відтворення поетом рис українського національного характеру та історичної епохи), естетичного (забезпечує розгляд творів митця як літературно-мистецького феномену), міфологічного (використовується для відстеження репродукування поетом міфологічних образів), герменевтичного (пропонується вільна інтерпретація текстів із можливістю подальших витлумачень), біографічного (простежуються риси автобіографізму в поезіях співця), описового (здійснюється систематизація різноманітних елементів анімалістичного простору в текстах поета), інтертекстуального (звертається увага на зв’язки між віршами митця й українським та світовим фольклором і літературною традицією), текстуального аналізу (застосовується для окреслення анімалістичних мотивів та образів у Златокудровому доробку). Дослідження засноване на загально-науковій методиці аналізу, синтезу, спостереження, добору та систематизації матеріалу.Результати. Автор статті репрезентує результати аналізу текстів Івана Златокудра, присвячених анімалістичним мотивам та образам. Символіка коня, собаки, корови, вола, вівці, кота, оленя, вовка, лисиці, ведмедя та інших тварин виконує важливу роль у розбудові автором художньої картини світу, сприяє розумінню його психології. Для поетичної творчості Івана Златокудра досить характерним є ефект органічного вживання ліричного героя в зображуваний світ, зокрема простір фауни рідного краю. Митець поєднує в текстах реальний і феєричний плани, переплітає дійсність із легендою, казкою, містичними уявленнями. Бестіарний вимір у поета поглиблює й розуміння природної стихії, і складність людських взаємин і почуттів, має як національне, так і загальнолюдське звучання. Висновки. Анімалістична образність у поетичній творчості Івана Златокудра закорінена у світ міфології та фольклору укра-їнського та інших народів, ґрунтується на літературних традиціях. Анімалістичні образи-символи в доробку митця відбивають особливості української ментальності, історико-культурний досвід нашого етносу, віддзеркалюють естетичні цінності нації.Ключові слова: лірика, фольклор, міфологія, зооморфні образи, анімалістична символіка.


Author(s):  
Gísli Sigurðsson

The eddas and sagas are literary works written in Iceland in the 13th and 14th centuries but incorporating memories preserved orally from preliterate times of (a) Norse myths, in prose and verse form, (b) heroic lays with common Germanic roots, (c) raiding and trading voyages of the Viking Age (800–1030 CE), and (d) the settlement of Iceland from Norway, Britain, and Ireland starting from the 870s and of life in the new country up to and beyond the conversion to Christianity in the year 1000. In their writing, these works show the influence of the learning and literature introduced to Iceland from the 11th century on through the educational system of the medieval Church. During these centuries, the Icelanders translated the lives of the principal saints, produced saga biographies of their own bishops, and recorded accounts of events and conflicts contemporary with their authors. They also produced conventional chronicles on European models of the kings of Norway and Denmark and large quantities of works, both translated and original, in the spirit of medieval chivalry. The eddas and sagas, however, reflect a unique and original departure that has no direct analogue in mainland Europe—the creation of new works and genres rooted in the secular tradition of oral learning and storytelling. This tradition encompassed the Icelanders’ worldview in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries and their understanding of events, people, and chronology going back to the 9th century, and their experience of an environment that extended over the parts of the world known to the Norsemen of the Viking Age, both on earth and in heaven. The infrastructure that underlay this system of learning was a knowledge of the regnal years of kings who employed court poets to memorialize their lives, and stories that were told in connection with what people observed in the heavens and on earth, near and far, by linking the stories with individual journeys, dwellings, and the genealogies of the leading protagonists. In this world, people here on earth envisaged the gods as having their halls and dwellings in the sky among the stars and the sun, while beyond the ocean and beneath the furthest horizon lay the world of the giants. In Viking times, this furthest horizon shifted little by little westwards, from the seas around Norway and Britain to the Faroes, Iceland, Greenland, and eventually still farther south and west to previously unknown lands that people in Iceland retained memories of the ancestors having discovered and explored around the year 1000—Helluland, Markland, and Vínland—where they came into contact with the native inhabitants of the continent known as North America.


Author(s):  
Nancy Rosenfeld

By the early 1680s John Bunyan had achieved respect and popularity for his public preaching. As an author he attempted to build on the great success of The Pilgrim’s Progress, first with The Life and Death of Mr. Badman (1680) and then with The Holy War, which was published in 1682. Bunyan’s most ambitious and elaborate work of fiction took the form of an allegorical battle epic depicting the Christian scheme of salvation, the struggle of the human soul towards salvation, and contemporary and future events. This chapter discusses The Holy War in the context of the religious and literary works available to Bunyan, and as an impressive example of Bunyan’s skill in the creation of individuated literary characters.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Abdimurod Arslanov ◽  

This article discusses the transformation of the phenomenon of the great commander Sahibkiran Amir Temur into written literature. They discussed historical and literary works about Amir Temur, as well as the history and reasons for the creation of "Temurnoma." We see that the transformation of the image of Amir Temur into written sources began with the historical works of Sahibqiran of his time, and in later periods -with literary works.


2016 ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Margareth Amatulli

In a society characterized by ever-changing identity- and boundary-redefinition, the confines among different kinds of art are shifting consistently. Painting, photography, and cinema often surface in post-modern literature directly or indirectly. In particular, intertextual connections, generated by the intertwining of cinema and literature in literary works, lead to the creation of new text types which can hardly be classified according to traditional genre taxonomies. This essay aims to investigate some hybridization processes, triggered by the presence of cinema in literary texts, through the analysis of two novels which claim a direct connection with cinema: Paradis Conjugal d'Alice Ferney (2008) et Le Garçon incassable de Florence Seyvos (2013).


Author(s):  
Deborah Wynne

This chapter considers how writers and literary tourists imagined Charlotte Brontë during the fifty years after her death. It is framed by Elizabeth Gaskell’s The Life of CharlotteBrontë and Virginia Woolf’s essay, ‘Haworth, 1904’, both writers assessing Brontë’s legacy as an author. While Gaskell’s biography unleashed the ‘Charlotte’ cult, whose devotees became instrumental in the establishment of the Brontë Society in 1893 and the eventual opening of the parsonage as a museum, Woolf pondered the negative impact of literary tourism on the legacy of writers. For decades after her death, literary tourists sought traces of Brontë’s ghostly presence in Haworth, initiating the creation of the parsonage as literary shrine and a tourist industry based on the notion of literary pilgrimage. Analysing a range of accounts of visits to Haworth, along with obituaries, this chapter argues that Brontë’s reputation was initially shaped by myths and misconceptions as much as by her literary works.


“Our generation should be more knowledgeable, healthier and of course happier than us”. These words of the president of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyayev nowadays became the motto of our republic. Today in our country there are a lot of opportunities for young generation to accomplish the aim which was stated by our president. Using these opportunities and support by our country young generation is also trying to discover the unlimited world of different subjects and sciences. Among these subjects the Art occupies a great position too. Especially, the literature has always been the first and foremost subject which impressed our nation all the time. The article analyzes the principles of social and political factors in the creation of art poetic language and hermeneutic analysis of the text in Uzbek classic lyrics. Unique masterpieces of Uzbek Literature have been translated into a number of foreign languages for centuries. For instance, the works of Ahmad Yassaviy (11-century), Yusuf Hos Hojib’s “Kutadgu Bilig”(12-century), “Muhabbatnoma” written by Khorazmiy (14-century), literary works of Lutfiy, Navoiy (15-century), Babur (16-century), Mashrab, Turdi, “Temur Tuzuklari” revealing Tamerlane’s life and his conquests and many others are translated into English, Russian, French, German and many other languages. Numerous scientific researches devoted to these works intrigue any audience, indeed. It should be emphasized with delight that a number of ancient Turkish-Uzbek literary essays were founded, reviewed and printed with initiatives of some European researches.


Author(s):  
Zahra Jannessari Ladani ◽  
Safoura Tork Ladani

Autobiographical mode of writing informs the works of many novelists, consciously or unconsciously. There are, however, diverse techniques for formulating these conscious or unconscious autobiographical interpolations in literary works. This essay aims to study the works of Sidonie-Gabreille Colette and Virginia Woolf to trace the nuances of the autobiographical mode in two contemporary female writers from different nations. We do not aim at proving that these two writers deploy the autobiographical mode in their writings, but how similar and different their autobiographical techniques in the creation of fiction are. Therefore, Colette’s and Woolf’s novels, in general, will be compared and contrasted with an eye on their self-defined strategies for the development of autobiographical fiction.


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