scholarly journals Influence of moral intelligence, principled leadership and trust on organisational citizenship behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Engelbrecht ◽  
Karen Hendrikz
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Trust In Leaders ◽  
Moral Intelligence ◽  
Indirect Relationship

Background: Organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) plays a substantial role in individual and organisational performance.Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate how moral intelligence and principled leadership can influence trust in the leader and OCB.Setting: Data were collected from 300 employees from various organisations in South Africa. Purposive, non-probability sampling was used.Methods: A theoretical model and hypotheses were developed to explain the structural relationships among the latent variables. Data were analysed by means of item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis conducted via structural equation modelling (SEM).Results: High levels of reliability were found for the measurement scales. Good model fit was demonstrated for the measurement and structural models. Empirical support was found for the significant mediating effects of principled leadership and trust in leaders in the indirect relationship between moral intelligence and OCB. The Principled Leadership Scale (PLS) could be used in the selection or development of principled leaders to develop an ethical culture to combat the high levels of corruption that many organisations face. Principled leaders play a key role in creating an ethical and trusting work climate conducive for OCB.Conclusion: This study is the first to analyse the joint relationships among the specific latent variables in the structural model. Furthermore, the study provided the first supporting evidence for the concurrent validity of the newly developed PLS.

scholarly journals Integrity, ethical leadership, trust and work engagement

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos S. Engelbrecht ◽  
Gardielle Heine ◽  
Bright Mahembe
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Leader Integrity

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how leader integrity and ethical leadership can influence trust in the leader and employee work engagement. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using an electronic web-based questionnaire completed by 204 employees from various business organisations. Data were analysed by means of item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis conducted via structural equation modelling. Findings High levels of reliability were found for the measurement scales. Good model fit was demonstrated for the measurement and structural models. Empirical support was found for all the postulated relationships in the structural model. Originality/value This study is the first to analyse the joint relationships between leader integrity and work engagement through the mediating role of ethical leadership (i.e. moral management) and trust in the leader. The findings emphasise the key role played by ethical leaders in creating an ethical and trusting work climate conducive for employee engagement.

scholarly journals The influence of emotional intelligence on diversity complexity cognition and the attitude towards diversity

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Kamps ◽  
A. S. Engelbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
South African ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Business Context ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Structural Relationships

The aim of the study was to develop and validate a theoretical model explicating the structural relationships between diversity complexity cognition, emotional intelligence and a positive attitude towards diversity in the South African business context. The sample selected for the study consisted of 237 employees from various South African organisations. The content and structure of the latent variables were investigated by means of item analysis, as well as confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. The results of structural equation modelling (SEM) demonstrated good model fit for the refined measurement models and the structural model. A positive relationship was found between emotional intelligence and the latent variables of valuing individual differences and positive perceptual depth. The practical implications were highlighted to ultimately inform management seeking to build an ethically diverse and productive workforce that values the individuality of others.

scholarly journals Empirical Validation of Personal and Situational Traits in Usage of Transactional e-Government Services

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Jongheon Kim ◽  
David Ang* ◽  
Gang-hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Proposed Model

With technology advanced and the flourishing of wired or wireless networks in our daily life, privacy and trustability of transaction media have become highly cherished value. Individuals often make choices in which they surrender a certain degree of privacy in exchange for outcomes or convenience that are perceived to be worthy of the risk of information disclosure. This research attempts to facilitate understandings of the utility of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) which is a strongly supported and well-established vehicle in information research and incorporates privacy, risk, and trust factor that are previously regarded as separate research areas from TAM. In addition, it also suggests individual dispositions as precursory factors and examines how they affect users’ risk and trust perception in using transactional e-government services. The proposed model was tested using data gathered from 309 respondents from an internet survey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using Mplus was employed to validate measurement and structural model. Based on this outcome, the measurements were redefined as composite scores, and subsequent path analysis was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings provide the structural or causal model of the proposed model attainable, but it requires the development of reliable and valid measurement scales.

scholarly journals Welfare and Wealth in Iran: Rural and Urban Dichotomies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sediqe Shafiei ◽  
Shahram Yazdani ◽  
A Hamid Zafarmand ◽  
Mohammad-Pooyan Jadidfard ◽  
sareh Shakerian
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Objective : Increasing social welfare and reducing poverty are to ensure the well-being of all classes of a society. Cities and villages are distinguished by cultural and economic disparities. The purpose of this study was to develop and present a comprehensive model on welfare and wealth components and their relationship with each other , as well as determining the contributing factors and variables affecting them by presenting a comprehensive model. Results : The Structural Equation Modeling ( SEM ) method was used to analyze the data and investigate the causal relationship of latent variables. Observed variables and latent variables of the model were analyzed and tested by using AMOS and SPSS (version 21) statistical methods, in two exploratory and confirmatory steps. Wealth and welfare were identified as two separate subjects in the conceptual model and in the final structural model for rural households. Unlike, in the urban community, they were recognized as a single category in the final structural model. The results of this study can provide the clear hints for effective policy making to break the cycle of deprivation and poverty in Iranian rural and urban population.

Interactions Between Intensive Care and Palliative Care Are Influenced by Training, Professionals’ Perceptions and Institutional Barriers

2020 ◽  
pp. 082585972095136
Author(s):  
María Camila Calle ◽  
Sara Lucia Pareja ◽  
María Margarita Villa ◽  
Juan Pablo Román-Calderón ◽  
Mariantonia Lemos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Institutional Barriers

Background: There is growing interest in the use of a Palliative care approach in Intensive care. However, it tends to remain inconsistent, infrequent or non-existent, as does its acceptance by intensive care physicians. This study sought to explore the perceptions, level of knowledge, perceived barriers, and practices of physicians regarding palliative care practices (PC) in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Methods: Descriptive-correlational study. Participating physicians working in ICU in Colombia (n = 101) completed an ad hoc questionnaire that included subscales of perceptions, knowledge, perceived barriers, and PC practices in ICU. A Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) was used to examine the reciprocal relationships between the measured variables and those that could predict interaction practices between the 2 specialties. Results: First, results from the measurement model to examine the validity and reliability of the latent variables found (PC training, favorable perceptions about PC, institutional barriers, and ICU-PC interaction practices) and their indicators were obtained. Second, the structural model found that, a greater number of hours of PC training, a favorable perception of PC and a lower perception of institutional barriers are related to greater interaction between PC and ICU, particularly when emotional or family problems are detected. Conclusions: PC-ICU interactions are influenced by training, a positive perception of PC and less perceived institutional barriers. An integrated ICU-PC model that strengthens the PC training of those who work in ICU and provides clearer guidelines for interaction practices, may help overcome perceived barriers and improve the perception of the potential impact of PC.

scholarly journals The internal structure of the unit performance construct as measured by the performance index (PI)1

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roline Henning ◽  
Callie Theron ◽  
Hermann Spangenberg
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Leadership Behaviour ◽  
Unit Performance

The objective of this study was to investigate the internal structure of the Performance Index in order to establish the interrelationships between the eight unit performance latent variables. The present study forms part of a larger study aimed at validating the Leadership Behaviour Inventory (LBI) (Spangenberg & Theron, 2002b) against work unit performance. The validation sample, after imputation of missing values, consisted of 273 cases with observations on all 56 items. Item analysis and dimensionality analysis was performed on each of the sub-scales using SPSS-windows. Thereafter, confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the reduced data set using LISREL. The results indicated satisfactory factor loadings on the measurement model. Acceptable model fit was achieved. Subsequently, the structural model was tested using LISREL. The results provided statistics of good fit. Only four hypotheses failed to be corroborated in this study. The results are discussed and suggestions for further research are made. Opsomming Die doel van hierdie studie was om die interne struktuur van die Performance Indexs (PI) (Spangenberg en Theron, 2002b) te ondersoek ten einde die interverwantskappe tussen die agt latente eeheidprestasiedimensies te bepaal. Hierdie studie vorm deel van ’n meer omvattende studie wat daarop gemik is om die Leadership Behaviour Inventory (LBI) teen werkeenheidprestasie te valideer. Die steekproef, na imputasie van ontbrekende waardes, het uit 273 gevalle bestaan met waarnemings ten opsigte van al 56 items. Item- en dimensionaliteitontledings is met behulp van SPSS-windows op elke subskaal gedoen. Bevestigende faktorontleding is daarna met behulp van LISREL op die verkleinde datastel uitgevoer. Die resultate het op bevredigende faktorbeladings vir die metingsmodel en ’n bevredigende passing van die metingsmodel gedui. Daarna is die strukturele model met behulp van LISREL getoets. Die resultate het bevredigende passing getoon, met slegs vier hipoteses wat nie deur die studie bevestig is nie. Die resultate word bespreek en voorstelle vir verdere navorsing word gemaak.

Information and Communication Technology Impact on Supply Chain Integration, Flexibility, and Performance

2017 ◽  
pp. 213-234
Author(s):  
Carlos A Talamantes-Padilla ◽  
Jorge Luis. García-Alcaráz ◽  
Aide A. Maldonado-Macías ◽  
Giner Alor-Hernández ◽  
Cuauhtemoc Sánchéz-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Ciudad Juarez ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
The Impact

In this chapter, four latent variables will be analyzed to measure the impact of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) on the integration, flexibility and performance of Supply Chain (SC). The aim of the exposition is to provide greater understanding for those responsible of the supply chain, and focus efforts on clear objectives. These clear objectives should help those responsible for the supply chain achieve a better performance within organizations. The information analyzed was obtained from a questionnaire provided to 284 managers in companies located in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. The results were used to generate a structural equation model in order to learn the relationships between variables. We have postulated six hypotheses regarding the direct, indirect and total effects. The results indicate that there is no direct relationship between ICT integration and SC performance, but an indirect relationship through mediating variables as SC Integration and Flexibility exists.

MODELING OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE BASED ON PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE - STRUCTURAL EQUATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-182
Author(s):  
Miftahuddin Miftahuddin ◽  
Retno Wahyuni Putri ◽  
Ichsan Setiawan ◽  
Rina Suryani Oktari
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Equation Modeling

Variability of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is one of the climatic features that influence global and regional climate dynamics. Missing data (gaps) in the SST dataset are worth investigating since they may statistically alter the value of the SST change. The partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach is used in this work to estimate the causality relationships between exogenous and endogenous latent variables. The findings of this study, which are significant indicators that have a loading factor value > 0.7 are as follows: i) sea surface temperature (oC) as a measure of the latent variable changes in SST, ii) wind speed (m/s) and relative humidity (%) as a measure of the latent variable of weather, and iii) air temperature (oC), long-wave solar radiation (w/m2) as a measure of climate latent variables. The size of the Rsquare value is influenced by the number of gaps. The results of the boostrapping show that the latent variables of weather and climate have a significant effect on changes in SST which are indicated by the value of tstatistics > ttabel. The structural model obtained Changes in SST (η) = -0.330 weather + 0.793 climate + ζ. The model shows that the weather has a negative coefficient, which means that the better the weather conditions, the lower the SST changes. Climate has a positive coefficient, which means that the better the climate, the SST changes will also increase. Rising sea surface temperatures caused by an increase in climate can lead to global warming, impacting El-Nino and La-Nina events.

Relationships between supply performance of pharmacies in Chile and their quality of customer service

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-446
Author(s):  
Fernando Rojas ◽  
Giulani Coluccio ◽  
Juan Vega
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to describe relationships between constructs adapted to the pharmaceutical field with respect to the measurement of the supply chains strategic and operational performance in private pharmacies, relating it to the quality of service perceived by users. Design/methodology/approach Relationships among the indicated constructs were validated through the use of structural equation models. This study includes the use of questionnaires adapted and applied to suppliers (pharmaceutical chemists and supply staff), operational managers (pharmacy assistants) and users (patients and clients) who visit different segments of pharmacies, such as chain businesses and independents located in the region of Valparaíso, Chile. The sample collected information from 128 establishments and 601 people, through which different relationships between segments were compared. Findings A structural model was validated on the basis of statistical principles. Furthermore, positive relationships were observed in the constructs studied where pharmacy chains had a statistical significance of less than 5 per cent between the responsibility of the supply process and the experience of the users, whereas independent pharmacies had a very significant causal relationship between operational managers and users. Practical implications The proposal can help predict the quality of service perceived by the user based on the behavior of sales and supply staff, which may be similar in other markets with similar characteristics. Originality/value The structural model proposed is original and adapts measurement scales validated from previous studies to be able to apply them in the pharmaceutical retail market.

Gain more insight from your PLS-SEM results

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 1865-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian M. Ringle ◽  
Marko Sarstedt
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Systematic Procedure ◽  
Average Value

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce the importance-performance map analysis (IPMA) and explain how to use it in the context of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). A case study, drawing on the IPMA module implemented in the SmartPLS 3 software, illustrates the results generation and interpretation. Design/methodology/approach The explications first address the principles of the IPMA and introduce a systematic procedure for its use, followed by a detailed discussion of each step. Finally, a case study on the use of technology shows how to apply the IPMA in empirical PLS-SEM studies. Findings The IPMA gives researchers the opportunity to enrich their PLS-SEM analysis and, thereby, gain additional results and findings. More specifically, instead of only analyzing the path coefficients (i.e. the importance dimension), the IPMA also considers the average value of the latent variables and their indicators (i.e. performance dimension). Research limitations/implications An IPMA is tied to certain requirements, which relate to the measurement scales, variable coding, and indicator weights estimates. Moreover, the IPMA presumes linear relationships. This research does not address the computation and interpretation of non-linear dependencies. Practical implications The IPMA is particularly useful for generating additional findings and conclusions by combining the analysis of the importance and performance dimensions in practical PLS-SEM applications. Thereby, the IPMA allows for prioritizing constructs to improve a certain target construct. Expanding the analysis to the indicator level facilitates identifying the most important areas of specific actions. These results are, for example, particularly important in practical studies identifying the differing impacts that certain construct dimensions have on phenomena such as technology acceptance, corporate reputation, or customer satisfaction. Originality/value This paper is the first to offer researchers a tutorial and annotated example of an IPMA. Based on a state-of-the-art review of the technique and a detailed explanation of the method, this paper introduces a systematic procedure for running an IPMA. A case study illustrates the analysis, using the SmartPLS 3 software.

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