scholarly journals Motivational factors affecting informal women entrepreneurs in North-West Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanchen Henning ◽  
Kabira Akoob
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North West ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
The North ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
The Government

Background: Informal women entrepreneurs in the rural villages of North-West strive to progress from poverty to prosperity. There is a growing appreciation that the conditions that support women’s ability to start and grow ventures may be different from those that help men and therefore there is a need to examine the motivational factors affecting women’s enterprise development.Aim: The study aimed to identify the motivational factors of women in the Mahikeng area to start informal enterprises, the barriers they experience and their developmental business needs.Setting: The study focussed on informal women entrepreneurs in the rural villages of Mahikeng in the North-West province.Methods: In total, 80 face-to-face questionnaires were completed with women entrepreneurs. A principal component analysis of 15 items of the total questionnaire was performed on the data to determine which items could be reduced and transformed into new components.Results: ‘Destitute conditions’, ‘Entrepreneurial Spirit’ and ‘Passion for Product’ emerged as the three underlying motivational factors. The component ‘Destitute conditions’ was ranked as the most important reason for starting an informal business. The need to transcend impoverished conditions (a push factor) and the need for self-determination (a pull factor) were almost equally strong amongst the 80 participants. ‘Lack of financial and business skills’ was ranked as the biggest obstacle to keeping the business running. Ninety-one per cent of the women entrepreneurs reported that they had never received any training from the government or the private sector.Conclusions: Access to basic infrastructure, training, funding and business networks will enable self-efficacy behaviour of women entrepreneurs in the Mahikeng district to move beyond poverty. Recommendations included the establishment of a regional database of informal women entrepreneurs, the improvement of basic facilities and infrastructure and access to microloans as well as training by the formal sector.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting e-Government Adoption by Dairy Farmers: A Case Study in the North-West of Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Alba Vázquez-López ◽  
Manuel Marey-Perez
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North West ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The North ◽  
The Government

With the objective of assessing the farmers’ situation regarding the use of the ICT and their relations with the electronic government, a case study consisting in the realization of 34 face-to-face surveys was conducted between February and March 2020 in dairy farms in the region of Galicia (Spain). The sample was selected according to one of the most important online journals in the farming sector at a national level. From the census, we chose those farms considered most representative taking into account the main criteria: the level of PAC (Common Agrarian Politics) subsidies and milk production (litres/cow and year). The results show that the majority of the farmers used the internet, but on many an occasion, they were discontented in relation to the poor connection quality in their farms. In regard to the use of the electronic government for procedures related to their farms, many of them were able to perform them through the government website; however, there were procedures which the users defined as “complex” and which had to be outsourced to authorised entities. The results also show that the farmers do want to employ the e-government, mainly because of the time and cost saving; however, the current web pages do not meet the users’ expectations. Finally, this situation, applied to a region placed among the 10 most productive regions of milk, is comparable to what happens in other regions.

scholarly journals Residents’ Perception of Destination Quality: Key Factors for Sustainable Rural Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia C. Muresan ◽  
Rezhen Harun ◽  
Felix H. Arion ◽  
Camelia F. Oroian ◽  
Diana E. Dumitras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

Tourism represents a viable alternative for economic activities in rural areas, and improves the living standards of the communities. The aim of the paper is to assess residents’ perceptions towards tourism destination quality in the North-West Development Region of Romania using the following items: natural attractions: cultural and social attractions; accommodation; food; availability of transportation to destination area; quality of information and communication; hospitality of host community; feeling of security and safety. A survey was conducted to collect the data and a total of 433 questionnaires were validated and analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Principal component analysis, ANOVA, Scheffe multiple range test) were used to analyze the data. Results show that there are statistically significant differences in residents’ perceptions between counties. Two of the components of destination quality (general infrastructure and tourism potential) are affected by the gender of residents, while the level of education has no significant effect. A weak and indirect correlation was found between the age of residents and their perception towards a quality destination. This study makes two contributions to the existing literature. First, a questionnaire was developed based on the QUALITEST tool adapted to the realities of the research area. Second, we analyzed the perception of residents towards a quality destination in relation to their socio-demographic characteristics and county of residence. Understanding the implications of tourism development from the residents’ point of view helps to increase knowledge about the factors affecting the long-term, sustainable success of tourism destinations.

Redescription of Paratrophurus anomalus (Rhabditida: Dolichodoridae) from South Africa

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Shokoohi ◽  
Joaquín Abolafia ◽  
Phatu William Mashela
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Tail Region ◽  
New Host ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
New Geographical Record

Summary Paratrophurus anomalus is redescribed from the North-West Province, South Africa, associated with the rhizosphere of a willow tree, a dominant ornamental tree in the province. This population is characterised by its adult body length (696 (625-834) μm for female and 706 μm for male), lateral field with four longitudinal incisures, cephalic framework well cuticularised, lip region smooth and lacking annuli, female stylet 19.6 (18-21) μm long, female tail cylindrical, 35 (31-38) μm long, c′ = 2.3 (2.1-2.8), with thick hyaline region forming 31-43% of the tail length, spicules 22 μm long and gubernaculum 12 μm long. Morphologically, P. anomalus is very similar to P. kenanae and P. dissitus, although they differ on the basis of lip region morphology, stylet length, hyaline tail region, and spicule length. In addition, SEM observations are provided for the first time for this species along with a new host and new geographical record of the species from South Africa, providing new information for the revision of Paratrophurus. Molecular analysis of P. anomalus using ITS rDNA showed a close relationship with P. bursifer, P. bhutanensis and Bitylenchus species. In addition, principal component analysis was done for 14 character states of species in the genus.

Archaeology in Afghanistan

Antiquity ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 21 (82) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
R. E. M. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Director General ◽  
North West ◽  
Asiatic Society ◽  
The North ◽  
North West Frontier Province ◽  
The Government ◽  
Indian Mission ◽  
Royal Asiatic Society

The Government of Afghanistan recently sent two missions to India, where they were warmly welcomed and made many friends. In September 1946, the Government of India sent in return a small mission to Afghanistan to establish contact between the respective archaeological and historical activities of the two countries, with a view if possible to securing closer cultural collaboration. The Indian mission consisted of the Director General of Archaeology in India and his wife ; the Honourable Mr Justice N. G. A. Edgely, President of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal—the oldest learned society in Asia; and Mr M. A. Shakur, Curator of the Pesh#x0101;war Museum, sent by the Government of the North-West Frontier Province as the immediate neighbour of Afghanistan. The mission travelled in two ex-U.S.A. Army vehicles, a six-wheeled personnel-carrier and a jeep, with two Indian drivers and two Indian attendants.

PETROLEUM EXPLORATION PREVIEW FOR 1967

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
M. A. Condon
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Oil Markets ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Timor Sea ◽  
The Government ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Cost

Exploration for petroleum in Australia paused in 1966 and this pause is likely to continue in 1967.The number of wells drilled and seismic activity will both be slightly less in 1967 than in 1966, but the work will generally be directed to more specific targets. The cost of exploration will be somewhat higher than in 1966.During the year off-shore drilling should increase and it is expected that five mobile rigs will be drilling in the offshore areas by the end of the year. The immediate structural targets available for these rigs are in the Gippsland, Bass and Otway Basins (Victoria-Tasmania), the North-West Shelf and Timor Sea-Bonaparte Gulf, and in the Gulf of Papua.Onshore exploration will be concentrated in the western Australian basins, the Surat Basin, the central Great Artesian Basin, and the Gidgealpa region of the southwestern Great Artesian Basin.The success or otherwise of the off-shore drilling will determine the rate of exploration over the next few years. If important discoveries are made off-shore, these may and probably would result in more intensive exploration of the same stratigraphic intervals onshore.The exploration patterns of Australia and several other countries before and after first commercial discovery are compared. This indicates that Australian discovery came early, as compared with other countries, where production has developed since the war, but that post-discovery effort in Australia has been very much less. The main obvious differences appear to be that in Australia the average size of the exploration concession is very much larger and the number of operators (having regard to the areas concerned) is much smaller, than in the other successful countries.There has been a gradual movement towards reducing the size of operating areas in Australia either by obligatory relinquihment or by farmout, but if discoveries are to be made at a satisfactory rate more operators are needed in every basin.The economic environment of Australia vis-a-vis Middle East oil and oil markets is probably the main basic reason for the peculiar exploratory pattern, which has impelled the Government to provide financial incentives to encourage exploration and development.

Africa — Middle East — Latin America — Asia

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (192) ◽  
pp. 134-145
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
International Assistance ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Government

On 20 December 1976, there were a number of serious clashes in Majunga, in the north-west of Madagascar, between Malagasy citizens and immigrants from the Comores who had been resident in Madagascar for many years. As a result of these incidents, the Government of the Comores decided, with the agreement of the Malagasy authorities, to repatriate the Comorian community in Majunga, numbering some 16,000 persons, who, in the interim, had been concentrated in camps provided by the army. The Government of the Comores called for international assistance, including that of the ICRC, to enable it to carry out this task.

AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE DRIVERS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL FUNDING DISPARITIES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SCHOOL PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED PUBLIC SECONDARY GENERAL EDUCATION SCHOOLS IN THE NORTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Millah Christopher ◽  
Sundjo Fabien
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
School Performance ◽  
School Funding ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
North West ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region ◽  
The Government ◽  
Funding Disparities

Purpose: School funding has been and remains a source of worry to governments of many countries in the world. The government of Cameroon in an attempt to attend to this worry spends huge financial resources each year as funding to the school system. This study attempted to investigate into the appropriateness of government funding to public secondary general education schools in Cameroon, using the North West Region as a case study. Specifically, the study aimed at: (a) investigating the causes of funding disparities between schools, (b) scrutinizing the effects of funding on school performance, and (c) elucidating the grass root perspectives on appropriate measures to enhance funding to schools.Methodology: The study made use of the stratified random sampling technique to select a total of 115 schools, and data was collected using questionnaires. To ascertain the reliability of the instrument used, a pilot test was carried out. The data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The probit and ordered logistic regression models were employed to test the hypotheses of the study.Findings: The findings from the study reveal among others that: (a) school enrolment, school needs, influence by some stakeholders and age of school all have significant effects on funding, (b) that funding in the form of infrastructure, running credits and staffing all affect school performance, and (c) that schools should be funded based on their actual needs.Contribution to policy, practice and policy: These results policy-wise suggest that funding to schools should take into consideration the enrolment, needs, and age of the school. Also, that adequate infrastructure, running credits and staff should be provided to schools since these affect academic performance.

Algerian turmoil threatens the local motor industry

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
State Support ◽  
Chief Executives ◽  
Content Type ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Motor Industry ◽  
The Government ◽  
Local Motor

Subject Auto manufacturing and corruption. Significance The government on August 25 appointed judicial administrators to manage three major companies whose chief executives were detained as part of a wide-ranging anti-corruption drive, including the Tahkout Manufacturing Company, which produces cars. Local auto manufacturing -- a flagship industry under ousted President Abdelaziz Bouteflika -- has been badly affected by the anti-corruption campaign, with some companies struggling to pay staff and import parts. It is also threatened by concurrent new regulations introduced by the government. Impacts In the longer term, a re-evaluation of the programme of state support for the industry could threaten all manufacturers. Projects underway to build new Nissan and Peugeot plants by 2020 may be delayed or cancelled. Damage to the industry poses particular risks to the economy of the north-west, where most factories are located. Foreign firms in other sectors will be reluctant to invest in Algeria, fearing that local partners could be caught up in criminal cases.

Comparative Analysis of Development Level of New-Type Urbanization & Traditional Urbanization in Shandong Province

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 2258-2262
Author(s):  
Bao Yan Shan ◽  
Li’e Wang
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Shandong Peninsula ◽  
Urbanization Level ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Development Level ◽  
South West ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Difference

In order to analyze the difference of the level of new-type and traditional urbanization of Shandong province, 20 indexes were selected involving economic, society and environment, etc, and principal component analysis was applied to calculate the score of the new-type urbanization levels of the 108 cities in Shandong in 2008 and 2013, and GIS was applied to analyze the spatial distribution of the levels. The results show that the cities whose new-type urbanization level is higher than that of traditional urbanization are located at the east of Shandong peninsula urban agglomeration, and the cities whose new-type urbanization level is lower than that of traditional urbanization are located at the north-west and south-west of the province in both 2008 and 2012.

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