Acute hamstring injuries in rugby players: The influence of positioning during ice therapy on muscle length

1990 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
C. Becker ◽  
D. Rayner ◽  
L. Van Zyl ◽  
E. Walters ◽  
C. P. Malherbe
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Length ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Block Method ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Experimental Group

The effect on muscle length of positioning with ice application to acute hamstring injuries in rugby players was examined. Ice was applied with the hamstring muscle group in either the lengthened or the shortened position. Players with grade I or II hamstring injuries were randomly allocated (via the randomized block method) to the different treatment methods. The active hamstring length of the injured leg was measured by means of knee extension before and after treatment on days 1, 2 and 3 post-injury. The uninjured leg was measured on days 1 and 3.The discussion of results covered only the clinical observations since the experimental group was too small for statistical analysis.

scholarly journals Lengthening the Hamstring Muscles Without Stretching Using “Awareness Through Movement”

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1641-1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Stephens ◽  
Joshua Davidson ◽  
Joseph DeRosa ◽  
Michael Kriz ◽  
Nicole Saltzman
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Length ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Passive Stretching ◽  
Hamstring Muscles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background and PurposePassive stretching is widely used to increase muscle flexibility, but it has been shown that this process does not produce long-term changes in the viscoelastic properties of muscle as originally thought. The authors tested a method of lengthening hamstring muscles called “Awareness Through Movement” (ATM) that does not use passive stretching. Subjects. Thirty-three subjects who were randomly assigned to ATM and control groups met the screening criteria and completed the intervention phase of the study. Methods. The ATM group went through a process of learning complex active movements designed to increase length in the hamstring muscles. Hamstring muscle length was measured before and after intervention using the Active Knee Extension Test. Results. The ATM group gained significantly more hamstring muscle length (+7.04°) compared with the control group (+1.15°). Discussion and Conclusions. The results suggest that muscle length can be increased through a process of active movement that does not involve stretching. Further research is needed to investigate this finding.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUE ON FLEXIBILITY OF HAMSTRING MUSCLE IN FUTSAL PLAYERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Length ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Muscle Energy Technique ◽  
Hamstring Muscles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Muscle Energy ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility

Futsal is an upcoming popular sport in the industry, it is an active dynamic sport which requires the players to perform various movements like rapidly accelerating and decelerating, it also requires them to rapidly change their direction of movement, it also involves a lot of sliding and kicking. Compared to other athletic sports played worldwide, futsal is a rather vigorous sport with increased incidence of injuries. Tightness in the hamstring muscles can lead to various injuries. The prevalence of hamstring muscle injuries is very high in futsal players due to muscle tightness. This study aims to determine the effects of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) on hamstring flexibility among futsal players. After being screened as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the participants were given the chronic implication of MET where the technique was performed for seven to ten seconds with twenty percent of resistive effort synchronized with the breathing pattern of the participant and then stretched to the new muscle length, this was repeated until no further gain was possible. The hamstring length was assessed using the Active Knee Extension Test (AKET) before and after the intervention, the values were then compared. The result of the study had shown an improvement in the hamstring length following the intervention (16.50) to be statistically significant (P <0.01) when compared to the baseline findings (23.67). It has been concluded that MET can increase the hamstring flexibility among futsal players, thus it will be able to reduce the injury rate.Keywords: Hamstring Flexibility, Muscle Energy Technique, Hamstring tightness,Futsal Players, Active Knee Extension.

The Effect of Pelvic Position on Popliteal Angle Achieved During 90:90 Hamstring-Length Test

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Herrington
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Starting Position ◽  
Pelvic Position

Context:Hamstring muscle length is commonly measured because of its perceived relationship to injury of both the hamstrings themselves and the pelvis and lumbar spine. The popliteal (knee-extension) angle measured from the starting position hip and knee at 90° is a commonly used indirect measure of hamstring muscle length. When this measure has been undertaken in the literature previously, little attention was paid to the position of the pelvis, which may significantly influence measurements taken.Design:Repeated-measures.Setting:University human performance laboratory.Participants:60 healthy physically active males (mean age 20.1 ± 1.8 y, range 18–24 y).Intervention:The 2 extremes of pelvic position (anterior and posterior).Main Outcome Measure:Popliteal angle (with maximal knee extension) was measured in 2 positions, 1 of full anterior and 1 of full posterior pelvic tilt.Results:The mean difference in popliteal angle between anterior to posterior pelvic positions was 13.4° ± 9° (range 0–26°); this was statistically significant (P = .0001).Conclusion:The findings of the study indicate that pelvic position has a significant effect on popliteal angle and therefore should be taken into account when measuring hamstring muscle length.

scholarly journals Effect of Active Dynamic Versus Passive Static Stretching on Hamstring Muscle Tightness in Healthy Female Students: A Randomized Trial Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Heshmatipour ◽  
Azam Esfandiari ◽  
Maryam Kazemi Naeini ◽  
Mehdi Raei ◽  
Omolbanin Firoozpur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Muscle Tightness ◽  
Healthy Female

Background: For decades, static stretching has been the standard benchmark for training programs, because it has been shown to increase flexibility compared with other methods of stretching. Objective: The current study investigated and compared the effects of active dynamic stretching and passive static stretching on hamstring tightness. Methods: For this experiment, 64 female students were enrolled and randomly assigned to active dynamic or passive static stretching groups (n=32 each). The first and second experimental groups were trained with repetitive dynamic stretching and static stretching exercises, respectively. Exercises were performed 10 times per limb, 3 times per day, 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Hamstring muscle length measurements were repeated in weeks 2 and 4. Statistical analysis of the results was performed by t-test and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS 15. Results: Both experimental groups showed significant improvements in the active knee extension range of motion during the intervention (P<0.001). However, active stretching showed better results and had a greater effect on range of motion in comparison with static stretching. Conclusion: Active dynamic training can be considered a suitable method for increasing the flexibility of the hamstring muscle and, consequently, reducing the complications and problems associated with hamstring tightness.

The effects of stretching with cryotherapy, stretching with heat and stretching alone on hamstring flexibility in physically active females

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Devyani Raghwani ◽  
Maximilian M Wdowski
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Study ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Heat Application ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility

Background/Aims A pre- and post-intervention study was conducted to examine the effects of acute cryotherapy with stretching, heat with stretching, and stretching alone on hamstring flexibility. Methods Thirty female participants were randomly allocated into three groups: stretching with cryotherapy, stretching with heat, or stretching without an intervention. A sit and reach test and the 90/90 active knee extension test were conducted before and after a 20-minute stretching routine to measure hamstring flexibility. Results Differences were observed pre- and post-test in the sit and reach test and knee 90/90 extension tasks (P<0.05) within all three groups. However, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) between the three intervention groups. Conclusions Combining stretching with cryotherapy or heat application potentially provides no additional benefit to stretching alone in short-term enhancements to hamstring muscle flexibility in physically active females.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique on Improving Hamstring Muscle Flexibility in High School Level Kabaddi Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Anju Harry ◽  
Susan Annie George
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
T Test ◽  
School Level ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Muscle Energy Technique ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Muscle Energy

Introduction: Kabaddi is one of the most popular games, which makes it our national pride. Kabaddi requires a lot of power, strength, flexibility, agility, speed, breath control and wariness. The game comes under contact sports and hence injuries are common. Muscle Energy Technique (MET) is a form of manual therapy used to relax the muscles via autogenic or reciprocal inhibition and lengthen the muscle, which uses muscle’s own energy in the form of gentle isometric contraction. The purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness of MET on improving hamstring muscle flexibility, active knee extension (AKE) range, and agility in high school level kabaddi players. Subjects: 30 female amateur kabaddi players Methodology: 30 high school level Kabaddi players were assessed and selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assigned into two groups. Group A (experimental n=15) received MET along with conventional exercises and Group B received Conventional flexibility exercises alone for 5 consecutive days. Pre-post and a follow-up measurement of hamstring flexibility, AKE and agility was taken using flexometer, 90-90 test and agility T-test. Results: Statistical analysis was done using paired and unpaired t-test. In paired t-test, the hamstring muscle flexibility improved significantly on day 5, on follow-up day 8 measurement it showed reduction in flexibility but not significant for both groups. The AKE of right and left knee joint has significantly improved on day 5 and there was significant reduction on day 8. Whereas the agility for both groups has significantly improved on day 5 and 8. On unpaired t-test, there is significant difference between both groups for all 3 outcomes. Conclusion: The Muscle energy Technique is effective on improving hamstring muscle flexibility, Active knee extension range and agility in 5 day MET programme. Therefore, concluded that Muscle Energy Technique is effective and can be administered on-field prior to sports events, and thereby improve player’s performance. Keywords: MET, Kabaddi, Hamstring injuries, Flexometer test, active knee extension test, agility T-test.

Reliability of an Active-Knee-Extension Test for Determining Hamstring Muscle Flexibility

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teddy W. Worrell ◽  
Michael K. Sullivan ◽  
Joseph J. DeJulia
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility

This study examined the intratester and intertester reliability of an active-knee-extension test (AKET) for determining hamstring muscle length (flexibility). Three testers performed repeated AKET measurements on 22 subjects. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC were used to calculate intratester and intertester reliability. Also, standard error of measurements (SEM) were calculated. The ICC and SEM were .96 and 1.82°, respectively, for Tester 1, .99 and 1.75° for Tester 2, and .99 and 1.80° for Tester 3. Intratester 95% confidence intervals ranged from 60.54 to 69.82°. Intertester ICC and SEM for two testers were .93 and 4.81°, respectively. A 95% intertester confidence interval ranged from 56.35 to 75.21 °; this reveals that intertester AKET values contained more error and suggests that only intratester AKET values should be used when comparing hamstring flexibility values. The AKET may provide a more accurate method for determining hamstring flexibility and quantifying changes that occur as a result of injury and stretching procedures.

scholarly journals Better deadlift performance comes with higher hamstring tighness: An assessment on Perak Sukma 2018 Female Rugby Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Ikhwan Mohamad ◽  
Mohansundar Sankaravel ◽  
Nor Fazila Abd Malek
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Exercise Regimen ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rugby Players

The study investigates the correlation between deadlift exercise, used as maximum strength performance indicator among athletes, with their hamstring tightness level, which may indicate the risk of injury. Twelve female rugby players (body weight 52.73 ± 6.90 kg, height 156 ± 5.77 cm) selected for Perak SUKMA 2018 team were assessed during centralized training ~9 months prior to the competition. Active Knee Extension Test (AKET) was assessed by a qualified physiotherapist, with the deadlift one-repetition maximum (1-RM) test conducted afterwards by a qualified strength and conditioning expert. Standardized warm-up and cooling down exercises were performed pre and post-exercise regimen, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for statistical analysis. Both left and right leg AKET measurements showed a negative correlation (r=-0.346 left, r=-0.174 right) with deadlift (average 1-RM load 50.83 ± 9.00 kg) performance. It can be concluded that better deadlift performance was also associated with higher hamstring tightness, thus reduced in a degree of range of movement. Practically it is suggested that a strength training programme should always be followed by a muscle flexibility training programme, apart from normal conventional stretching before and after exercises.  

Untersuchungen zur Quantifizierung der Änderung der Skelettmuskeldurchblutung nach Gefäßrevaskularisationen mit einem 99mTechnetiummarkierten Tracer

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (05) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Benning ◽  
K. Nagel ◽  
M. Jugenheimer ◽  
S. Fischer ◽  
S. Worthmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transluminal Angioplasty ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
First Time ◽  
Percutaneous Transluminal

A new 99mTc-labelled tracer (99mTc-Sestanriibi) was used for the first time to demonstrate the perfusion of the skeletal muscle. In 16 patients with obstructive atherosclerosis of the lower limbs the change of perfusion of thigh and lower leg was studied with SPECT before and after vascular surgery (n = 11) or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (n = 5). Comparative results of scintigraphic measurements and clinical observations (ancle-arm pressure, treadmill test) in 10 surgical patients (14 operated legs) showed correct positive or negative results in 86% (12/14).

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