scholarly journals High risk of metabolic syndrome among black South African women with severe mental illness

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamima Saloojee ◽  
Jonathan K. Burns ◽  
Ayesha A. Motala
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
South African ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Black South African

Background: There is an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) globally. The prevalence of MetS is higher in black women compared to black men from South Africa.Aim: To compare the prevalence of MetS between black South African men and women with SMI taking antipsychotic medication. Further, this prevalence was compared to the prevalence in a matched control group of black South African men and women without SMI. Setting: A general hospital psychiatric unit.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken to compare the prevalence of MetS in a group of multi-ethnic participants with SMI treated with antipsychotic medication and a matched control group without SMI, applying the 2009 Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. Here, we included only the black African participants to compare MetS prevalence between men and women.Results: There were 232 participants in the group with SMI (male 155 and female 77) and without SMI (male 156 and female 76). The prevalence of MetS was more than three times higher in women with SMI compared to men with SMI (37.7% vs. 10.3%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of MetS in men or women between the groups with and without SMI. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, female gender (odds ratio [OR] 7.66), advancing age (OR 1.08) and longer duration of illness (OR = 1.15) were significant risk factors for MetS in SMI.Conclusion: In black South Africans with SMI on antipsychotic medication, there is a higher prevalence and risk for MetS in women compared to men.

Precursors of Premature Disease and Death: Rorschach and Figure-Drawing Factors

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1115-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Schori ◽  
Caroline Bedell Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
Coronary Occlusion ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Main Variable ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Figure Drawing

Participants in the Precursors Study affected with any of six disorders were compared with their matched, but healthy, control counterparts on 4 Rorschach and 10 Figure-drawing factors. Similar comparisons were made for the psychological (suicide, mental illness, and emotional disturbance) and somatic (essential hypertension, coronary occlusion, and malignant tumor) subsets of the affected participants and for those affected by each of the six individual disorders. The findings, though in themselves modest, provide evidence of the existence of psychological precursors of premature disease and death. The Rorschach human-movement factor was the main variable differentiating the total disordered group from the matched control group. This suggests that the affected subjects, as a group, had more active fantasy lives and might be considered to be more sensitive or vulnerable.

Albinism in the South African Negro. III. Genetic counselling issues

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer G. R. Kromberg ◽  
Trefor Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Genetic Counselling ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Psychosomatic Symptoms ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

SummaryA sample of 35 South African Negro albinos and a normally pigmented matched control group have been studied for adjustment problems and attitudes towards this inherited condition. The results showed that although the albinos appeared to be as well adjusted as the controls, significantly more of the albino group had adjustment problems of a physical nature indicated by psychosomatic symptoms. Attitudes were found to be reasonably positive. One common local misconception was revealed: that albinos do not die but disappear or ‘vanish away’. There was very little understanding of the cause, mode of inheritance or the problems associated with albinism. It is concluded that relevant genetic counselling should be offered to the Negro albinos to enable them to understand their condition, its implications and the myths which surround it. Because albinism is so common in South Africa the education of the community in this connection is also desirable.

scholarly journals Fitness Matters as We Age: A Celebration of the VA Gerofit Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 771-771
Author(s):  
Miriam Morey ◽  
Cathy Lee
Keyword(s):  
Matched Control ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Program Outcomes ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In recognition of the GSA’s 75th Anniversary “Why Age Matters” we celebrate the 7th anniversary of the Gerofit dissemination initiative. Gerofit is an exercise and health promotion program for older Veterans that has been declared a Veterans Health Administration (VA) “Best Practice” and been disseminated to 17 VA’s across the country. Over 7000 Veterans have participated in Gerofit initiated programs and have reported robust outcomes including improved quality of life, physical and mental health, and high levels of satisfaction with the programs. For this symposium, we focus on newly acquired program outcomes that emphasize the importance of fitness as we age. The first paper compares hospitalization and emergency room visits between individuals participating in Gerofit for 12 months compared to a matched control group. The second paper describes four-year trajectories of physical performance to highlight the impact of becoming fit over expected normative trajectories. The third paper examines outcomes of a home-based geriatric walking clinic. The fourth paper describes the impact of exercise adherence on chronic pain. The fifth paper describes changes in medication utilization compared to a matched control group following 12-months of supervised exercise. These papers highlight the importance of fitness as a contributor to overall health during the aging process and celebrates that fitness matters, no matter when you start!

Survival of BRCA1 breast and ovarian cancer patients: a population-based study from southern Sweden.

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
O T Jóhannsson ◽  
J Ranstam ◽  
A Borg ◽  
H Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Brca1 Mutation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breast And Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Group Survival

PURPOSE Recent studies indicate that BRCA1 breast and ovarian tumors may have an advantageous survival. In this population-based study, the survival of carriers of a mutated BRCA1 gene was investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS The survival of 71 BRCA1-associated cancer patients (33 breast cancer, seven breast and ovarian cancer, and 31 ovarian cancer patients from 21 families with BRCA1 germline mutations) diagnosed after 1958 was compared with that of a population-based comparison group that consisted of all other invasive breast (n = 28,281) and ovarian (n = 7,011) cancers diagnosed during 1958 to 1995, as well as an age- and stage-matched control group. RESULTS No apparent survival advantage was found for BRCA1-associated breast cancers upon direct comparison. After adjustment for age and calendar year of diagnosis, survival was equal to or worse than that of the comparison group (hazards ratio [HR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9 to 2.4). In comparison with an age- and stage-matched control group, survival again appeared equal or worse (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.6 to 3.7). For BRCA1-associated ovarian cancers, an initial survival advantage was noted that disappeared with time. Due to this time dependency, multivariate analyses cannot adequately be analyzed. Compared with the age- and stage-matched control group, survival again appeared equal or worse (HR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.5 to 2.8). CONCLUSION The results suggest that survival for carriers of a BRCA1 mutation may be similar, or worse than, that for breast and ovarian cancer in general. This finding is in accordance with the adverse histopathologic features observed in BRCA1 tumors and underlines the need for surveillance in families that carry a BRCA1 mutation.

scholarly journals Effects of Nutrient Intake Timing on Post-Exercise Glycogen Accumulation and its Related Signaling Pathways in Mouse Skeletal Muscle

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahashi ◽  
Matsunaga ◽  
Banjo ◽  
Takahashi ◽  
Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Glycogen Accumulation ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference

We investigated the effects of nutrient intake timing on glycogen accumulation and its related signals in skeletal muscle after an exercise that did not induce large glycogen depletion. Male ICR mice ran on a treadmill at 25 m/min for 60 min under a fed condition. Mice were orally administered a solution containing 1.2 mg/g carbohydrate and 0.4 mg/g protein or water either immediately (early nutrient, EN) or 180 min (late nutrient, LN) after the exercise. Tissues were harvested at 30 min after the oral administration. No significant difference in blood glucose or plasma insulin concentrations was found between the EN and LN groups. The plantaris muscle glycogen concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the EN group—but not in the LN group—compared to the respective time-matched control group. Akt Ser473 phosphorylation was significantly higher in the EN group than in the time-matched control group (p < 0.01), while LN had no effect. Positive main effects of time were found for the phosphorylations in Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) Thr642 (p < 0.05), 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) Thr172 (p < 0.01), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase Ser79 (p < 0.01); however, no effect of nutrient intake was found for these. We showed that delayed nutrient intake could not increase muscle glycogen after endurance exercise which did not induce large glycogen depletion. The results also suggest that post-exercise muscle glycogen accumulation after nutrient intake might be partly influenced by Akt activation. Meanwhile, increased AS160 and AMPK activation by post-exercise fasting might not lead to glycogen accumulation.

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