Metabolic Syndrome in South African Patients with Severe Mental Illness: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors

Background: There is an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) globally. The prevalence of MetS is higher in black women compared to black men from South Africa.Aim: To compare the prevalence of MetS between black South African men and women with SMI taking antipsychotic medication. Further, this prevalence was compared to the prevalence in a matched control group of black South African men and women without SMI. Setting: A general hospital psychiatric unit.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken to compare the prevalence of MetS in a group of multi-ethnic participants with SMI treated with antipsychotic medication and a matched control group without SMI, applying the 2009 Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. Here, we included only the black African participants to compare MetS prevalence between men and women.Results: There were 232 participants in the group with SMI (male 155 and female 77) and without SMI (male 156 and female 76). The prevalence of MetS was more than three times higher in women with SMI compared to men with SMI (37.7% vs. 10.3%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of MetS in men or women between the groups with and without SMI. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, female gender (odds ratio [OR] 7.66), advancing age (OR 1.08) and longer duration of illness (OR = 1.15) were significant risk factors for MetS in SMI.Conclusion: In black South Africans with SMI on antipsychotic medication, there is a higher prevalence and risk for MetS in women compared to men.

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Metabolic Syndrome Screening in People With Severe Mental Illness: Results From Two Spanish Community Mental Health Centers

Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association ◽

10.1177/1078390319826686 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 162-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sara Fernández Guijarro ◽

Carolina Miguel García ◽

Edith Pomarol-Clotet ◽

Elena Nunilón Egea López ◽

Maria Dolors Burjales Martí ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Community Mental Health ◽

Physical Health ◽

Severe Mental Illness ◽

Health Centers ◽

Community Mental Health Centers ◽

Mental Health Centers

BACKGROUND: The excess of mortality in people with severe mental illness is due to unnatural causes such as accidents or suicides and natural causes such as metabolic syndrome. The presence of modifiable risk factors like tobacco consumption increases cardiovascular and metabolic risk. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and other cardiovascular risk factors in people with severe mental illness. This study also aimed to identify the prevalence of patients receiving treatment for any metabolic syndrome risk factor. METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. A total of 125 participants from two community mental health centers in Spain were recruited. RESULTS: More than half of the participants (58.4%) were active smokers. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 60%. A total of 16.8% received previous treatment for hypertension, 17.6% for hypertriglyceridemia, and 11.2% for diabetes. No differences were found between centers (22.7% vs. 18.7%, p = .9). CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscore the importance of monitoring the physical health of patients on antipsychotic therapy. The identification and management of cardiovascular and metabolic risks factors is an essential part of nursing care for people with severe mental illness. Mental health nurses are ideally positioned to carry out this task by performing physical health screening, health education, and lifestyle interventions.

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Metabolic syndrome and associated cardiovascular risk factors in the treatment of persons with human immunodeficiency virus and severe mental illness

Pharmacology & Therapeutics ◽

10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.07.004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 124 (3) ◽

pp. 269-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Pamela Vergara-Rodriguez ◽

Sonia Vibhakar ◽

Jeff Watts

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Severe Mental Illness ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

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PHP51 Pill Burden in South African Patients With Multiple Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2011.08.602 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. A342

Author(s):

J.R. Burger ◽

M.S. Lubbe ◽

J.H.P. Serfontein

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

South African ◽

Pill Burden ◽

Multiple Risk Factors ◽

Multiple Risk ◽

African Patients

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Cardiovascular risk in patients with severe mental illness in Italy

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.94 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Virginio Salvi ◽

Andrea Aguglia ◽

Francesco Barone-Adesi ◽

Davide Bianchi ◽

Chiara Donfrancesco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Mental Illness ◽

General Population ◽

Severe Mental Illness ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Bipolar Disorders ◽

Risk Algorithm ◽

Younger Age

Abstract Background Patients with severe mental illness (SMI), such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorders, are more frequently affected by metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular (CV) diseases than the general population, with a significant reduction in life expectancy. Beyond metabolic syndrome, quantifying the risk of CV morbidity in the long-term may help clinicians to put in place preventive strategies. In this study, we assessed 10-year CV risk in patients with SMI and healthy individuals using an algorithm validated on the Italian general population. Methods Patients aged 35–69 years diagnosed with SMI were consecutively recruited from psychiatric acute care units. Single CV risk factors were assessed, and 10-year CV risk calculated by means of the CUORE Project 10-year CV risk algorithm, based on the combination of the following risk factors: age, systolic blood pressure, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes, smoking habit, and hypertensive treatment. Patients’ data were compared with those from the general population. The 10-year CV risk was log-transformed, and multivariable linear regression was used to estimate mean ratios, adjusting for age, and education. Results Three hundred patients and 3,052 controls were included in the analysis. Among men, the 10-year CV risk score was very similar between patients with SMI and the general population (mean ratio [MR]: 1.02; 95%CI 0.77–1.37), whereas a 39% increase in 10-year CV risk was observed in women with SMI compared to the general population (MR: 1.39; 95%CI 1.16–1.66). Conclusions In our study, women with SMI were consistently more at risk than the general population counterpart, even at younger age.

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Physical and psychiatric comorbidity among patients with severe mental illness as seen in Uganda

10.1101/2020.11.04.20225813 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Stephen Mpango ◽

Wilber Ssembajjwe ◽

Godfrey Zari Rukundo ◽

Carol Birungi ◽

Allan Kalungi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Sexual Abuse ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Severe Mental Illness ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Physical Disorders ◽

Associated Risk Factors

AbstractThis study established the prevalence of physical and psychiatric comorbidity and associated risk factors among 1,201 out-patients with severe mental illness (SMI) attending Butabika and Masaka hospitals in Uganda. Participants completed an assessment battery; structured, standardized and locally translated instruments. SMIs were established using the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview version 7.2. We used logistic regression to determine the association between physical and psychiatric comorbidity and risk factors. Prevalence of physical and psychiatric comorbidity was 13.1 %. Childhood sexual abuse (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03 -1.10, P=0.001), sexual abuse in adulthood (aOR 2.22, 95% CI 1.60 - 3.08, P<0.001), childhood physical abuse (aOR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03 - 1.10, P<0.001) and physical abuse in adulthood (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.30 - 2.20, P<0.001) were associated with an increased risk of having comorbid psychiatric and physical disorders. Emerging healthcare models in Uganda should optimise care for people with physical and psychiatric comorbidity.

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