The role of mast cells and mast cell tryptase in skin tags: an immunohistochemical study

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
ShimaaF Seif El Naser ◽  
AlaaH Maraee ◽  
AsmaaG Abdou
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Mast Cell Tryptase ◽  
Skin Tags

scholarly journals The Role of Mast Cell Tryptase in Neoangiogenesis of Premalignant and Malignant Lesions of the Uterine Cervix

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1061-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Benítez–Bribiesca ◽  
A. Wong ◽  
D. Utrera ◽  
E. Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Mast Cell Tryptase ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Safranin O ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factors

Recently, mast cell tryptase has been identified as another potent proangiogenic factor in tumors, along with fibroblast and vascular endothelial growth factors. Its role has been studied in a number of cancers, including carcinoma of the uterine cervix, with discordant results. Our aim was to study the expression of tryptase and bFGF in mast cells (MCs) during development of neoangiogenesis in premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix. Biopsy specimens from 21 patients without cancer and from 63 patients with dysplasias and squamous cell carcinomas were used. They were stained with Alcian blue– safranin O (ABSO) and immunostained with specific antibodies against factor VIII, CD105, tryptase, and bFGF. Tryptase-positive mast cells increased with tumor progression and were close to newly formed blood vessels. Vascularization showed a linear increase from dysplasia to invasive cancer. We suggest that MC tryptase may upregulate neoangiogenesis in carcinogenesis of the uterine cervix. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:1061–1062, 2001)

scholarly journals Role of Mast Cell Tryptase in Renal Interstitial Fibrosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1668-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHUJI KONDO ◽  
SHOJI KAGAMI ◽  
HIROSHI KIDO ◽  
FRANK STRUTZ ◽  
GERHARD A. MÜLLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mast Cell Tryptase ◽  
Renal Interstitial Fibrosis

Abstract. Renal interstitial fibrosis is characterized by increased proliferation of fibroblasts and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. Mast cell tryptase has been implicated in the development of tissue fibrosis in skin and lungs. However, the significance of mast cell tryptase in human renal diseases has not been investigated. The potential role of mast cell-derived tryptase in the development of renal fibrosis was studied using immunohistochemical techniques and cultured human renal fibroblast cell lines. Semiquantitative immunostaining analysis of samples from 70 patients with several renal diseases, including IgA glomerulonephritis (GN) (n = 30), non-IgA GN (n = 5), membranous GN (n = 5), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (n = 4), minor glomerular abnormalities (n = 5), lupus nephritis (n = 3), and acute or chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (n = 18), revealed that the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis was well correlated with the number of infiltrating tryptase-positive mast cells (P < 0.01). Mast cells could not be detected in damaged glomeruli in any form of renal disease. [3H]Thymidine uptake experiments demonstrated that DNA synthesis by cultured renal fibroblasts was increased with the concentration of tryptase (0.5 to 5 nM) coincubated with heparin and was suppressed by coincubation with the protease inhibitors leupeptin and benzamidine hydrochloride. Tryptase alone also increased DNA synthesis by fibroblasts but exhibited less effectiveness, compared with the combination of tryptase and heparin. Conversely, heparin alone suppressed DNA synthesis by fibroblasts. Metabolic [35S]methionine-labeling experiments with cultured renal fibroblasts indicated that tryptase increased the synthesis of fibronectin and collagen type I, in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that mast cell tryptase plays a role in the proliferation and extracellular matrix protein production of renal interstitial fibroblasts and thus contributes to the development of renal interstitial fibrosis.

Comparative analysis of the role of mast cells in murine asthma models using Kit‐sufficient mast cell‐deficient animals

Allergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Pohlmeier ◽  
Sanchaita Sriwal Sonar ◽  
Hans‐Reimer Rodewald ◽  
Manfred Kopf ◽  
Luigi Tortola
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mast Cells

Mast cell heterogeneity

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 734-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Shanahan ◽  
J. A. Denburg ◽  
J. Bienenstock ◽  
A. D. Befus
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Cell Heterogeneity ◽  
Cell Secretion ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Mucosal Mast Cells ◽  
Mast Cell Heterogeneity

Increasing evidence for the existence of inter- and intra-species mast cell heterogeneity has expanded the potential biological role of this cell. Early studies suggesting that mast cells at mucosal sites differ morphologically and histochemically from connective tissue mast cells have been confirmed using isolated intestinal mucosal mast cells in the rat and more recently in man. These studies also established that mucosal mast cells are functionally distinct from connective tissue mast cells. Thus, mucosal and connective tissue mast cells differ in their responsiveness to a variety of mast cell secretagogues and antiallergic agents. Speculation about the therapeutic use of antiallergic drugs in disorders involving intestinal mast cells cannot, therefore, be based on extrapolation from studies of their effects on mast cells from other sites. Regulatory mechanisms for mast cell secretion may also be heterogeneous since mucosal mast cells differ from connective tissue mast cells in their response to a variety of physiologically occurring regulatory peptides. The development of techniques to purify isolated mast cell sub-populations will facilitate future analysis of the biochemical basis of the functional heterogeneity of mast cells.

Mass cells contribute to O3-induced epithelial damage and proliferation in nasal and bronchial airways of mice

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 1322-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Longphre ◽  
L. Y. Zhang ◽  
J. R. Harkema ◽  
S. R. Kleeberger
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Measured Parameter ◽  
Epithelial Injury ◽  
Epithelial Damage ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Air Control

Ozone (O3) exposure produces inflammation in the airways of humans and animal models. However, the mechanism by which O3 affects these changes is uncertain. Mast cells are strategically located below the epithelium of the airways and are capable of releasing a number of proinflammatory mediators. We tested the hypothesis that mast cells contribute to inflammation, epithelial sloughing, and epithelial proliferation in the nasal and terminal bronchiolar murine airways after O3 exposure. Mast cell-sufficient (+/+), mast cell-deficient (W/Wv), and mast cell-repleted [bone marrow-transplanted (BMT) W/Wv] mice were exposed to 2 ppm O3 or filtered air for 3 h. Nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were collected 6 and 24 h after exposure. Differential cell counts and protein content of the lavage fluids were used as indicators of inflammation and permeability changes in the airways. O3-induced epithelial injury was assessed by light microscopy, and O3-induced DNA synthesis in airway epithelium was estimated by using a 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine-labeling index in the nasal and terminal bronchiolar epithelia. Relative to air control mice, O3 caused significant increases in inflammation, epithelial injury, and epithelial DNA synthesis in +/+ mice. There was no significant effect of O3 exposure on any measured parameter in the W/Wv mice. To further assess the role of mast cells in O3-induced epithelial damage, mast cells were restored in W/Wv mice by BMT from +/+ congeners. Relative to sham-transplanted W/Wv mice, O3 caused significant increases in epithelial damage and DNA synthesis as well as inflammatory indicators in BMT W/Wv mice. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that mast cells significantly modulate the inflammatory and proliferative responses of the murine airways to O3.

The transmembrane adaptor protein NTAL limits mast cell chemotaxis toward prostaglandin E2

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (556) ◽  
pp. eaao4354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Halova ◽  
Monika Bambouskova ◽  
Lubica Draberova ◽  
Viktor Bugajev ◽  
Petr Draber
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cell Chemotaxis

Chemotaxis of mast cells is one of the crucial steps in their development and function. Non–T cell activation linker (NTAL) is a transmembrane adaptor protein that inhibits the activation of mast cells and B cells in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Here, we studied the role of NTAL in the migration of mouse mast cells stimulated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Although PGE2 does not induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of NTAL, unlike IgE immune complex antigens, we found that loss of NTAL increased the chemotaxis of mast cells toward PGE2. Stimulation of mast cells that lacked NTAL with PGE2 enhanced the phosphorylation of AKT and the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. In resting NTAL-deficient mast cells, phosphorylation of an inhibitory threonine in ERM family proteins accompanied increased activation of β1-containing integrins, which are features often associated with increased invasiveness in tumors. Rescue experiments indicated that only full-length, wild-type NTAL restored the chemotaxis of NTAL-deficient cells toward PGE2. Together, these data suggest that NTAL is a key inhibitor of mast cell chemotaxis toward PGE2, which may act through the RHOA/ERM/β1-integrin and PI3K/AKT axes.

scholarly journals Fine-tuning Mast Cells is Essential for the Maintenance and Regulation of the Systemic and Immune Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Sylvia Frisancho-Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Viral Reservoir ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Allergies And Asthma

During the past decades, populous expansion in mast cell scientific literature came forth with more, than forty-four thousand PubMed publications available to date. Such surge is due to the appreciation of the momentous role of mast cells in the evolution of species, in the development and maintenance of vital physiological functions, such as reproduction, homeostasis, and fluids, diverse immunological roles, and the potential of far-reaching effects despite minute numbers. While the emerging knowledge of the importance of mast cells in equilibrium comes of age when looking at the matter from an evolutionary perspective, the recognition of mast cells beyond detrimental performance in allergies and asthma, during protection against parasites, falters. Beyond well known classical functions, mast cells can process and present antigens,can serve as a viral reservoir, can respond to hormones and xenobiotics,initiate antiviral and antibacterial responses, phagocytosis, apoptosis, and participate in important developmental cornerstones. During evolution,upon the development of a sophisticated niche of innate and adaptive cell populations, certain mast cell functions became partially transmutable,yet the potency of mast cells remained considerable. Reviewing mast cells enables us to reflect on the certitude, that our sophisticated, complex physiology is rooted deeply in evolution, which we carry ancient remnants of, ones that may have decisive roles in our functioning. This communication sets out the goal of characterizing mast cells, particularly the aspects less in limelight yet of immense significance, without the aspiration exhaust it all.

Role of endothelin-converting enzyme, chymase and neutral endopeptidase in the processing of big ET-1, ET-1(1-21) and ET-1(1-31) in the trachea of allergic mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 103 (s2002) ◽  
pp. 353S-356S ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. DE CAMPO ◽  
Roy G. GOLDIE ◽  
Arco Y. JENG ◽  
Peter J. HENRY
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Neutral Endopeptidase ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Rightward Shift ◽  
Endothelin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Mast Cell Chymase

The present study examined the roles of endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE), neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and mast cell chymase as processors of the endothelin (ET) analogues ET-1(1–21), ET-1(1–31) and big ET-1 in the trachea of allergic mice. Male CBA/CaH mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (10µg) delivered intraperitoneal on days 1 and 14, and exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin on days 14, 25, 26 and 27 (OVA mice). Mice were killed and the trachea excised for histological analysis and contraction studies on day 28. Tracheae from OVA mice had 40% more mast cells than vehicle-sensitized mice (sham mice). Ovalbumin (10µg/ml) induced transient contractions (15±3% of the Cmax) in tracheae from OVA mice. The ECE inhibitor CGS35066 (10µM) inhibited contractions induced by big ET-1 (4.8-fold rightward shift of dose-response curve; P<0.05), but not those induced by either ET-1(1–21) or ET-1(1–31). The chymase inhibitors chymostatin (10µM) and Bowman-Birk inhibitor (10µM) had no effect on contractions induced by any of the ET analogues used. The NEP inhibitor CGS24592 (10µM) inhibited contractions induced by ET-1(1–31) (6.2-fold rightward shift; P<0.05) but not ET-1(1–21) or big ET-1. These data suggest that big ET-1 is processed predominantly by a CGS35066-sensitive ECE within allergic airways rather than by mast cell-derived proteases such as chymase. If endogenous ET-1(1–31) is formed within allergic airways, it is likely to undergo further conversion by NEP to more active products.

Mastocytic Enterocolitis: Increased Mucosal Mast Cells in Chronic Intractable Diarrhea

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shriram Jakate ◽  
Mark Demeo ◽  
Rohan John ◽  
Mary Tobin ◽  
Ali Keshavarzian
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
High Power ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Duodenal Biopsy ◽  
Mast Cell Tryptase ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Intractable Diarrhea ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Abstract Context.—In some adult patients with chronic intractable diarrhea, the diagnosis remains elusive even after detailed evaluations, and colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens may appear unremarkable on routine hematoxylin-eosin staining. Objectives.—To assess the concentration of mast cells in colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens by immunohistochemical analysis for mast cell tryptase from patients with chronic intractable diarrhea and to evaluate their response to drugs affecting mast cell function. Design.—Mast cells per high-power field were assessed in biopsy specimens from 47 patients with chronic intractable diarrhea, from 50 control subjects, and from 63 patients with other specific diseases that cause chronic diarrhea (inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, collagenous colitis, and lymphocytic colitis). Patients with chronic intractable diarrhea who had more than 20 mast cells per high-power field were administered drugs affecting mast cell mediator function and release. Results.—The mean ± SD concentration of mast cells in the 50 control subjects was 13.3 ± 3.5 cells per high-power field; hence, patients with more than 20 mast cells per high-power field were considered to have increased mast cells. Thirty-three (70%) of 47 patients with chronic intractable diarrhea had increased mast cells, and symptoms were controlled by drug therapy in 22 (67%) of the 33 patients. No patient had systemic or cutaneous mastocytosis. No increase in mast cells was seen in patients with other common causes of chronic diarrhea. Conclusions.—In chronic intractable diarrhea, colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens may appear unremarkable on routine hematoxylin-eosin staining, but increased mast cells may be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry for mast cell tryptase, with the novel term mastocytic enterocolitis describing this condition. Similar increases in mast cells are not apparent in control populations or in patients with other specific diseases that cause chronic diarrhea. The cause of the increased mast cells remains to be elucidated.

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