Gut microbiota, metabolites, and cardiovascular diseases

Abstract The potential for the gut microbiota to affect health has particular relevance for older adults. Recent evidence suggests that microbiota-derived metabolites may modulate aging-related changes in immunity, sarcopenia, and cognitive function, all of which are elements of frailty. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) produced by the metaorganismal metabolism of choline, has been implicated in disease pathogenesis. However, relatively little geroscience research has been carried out on TMAO，and even less on other gut microbiota metabolites. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between frailty and circulating TMAO concentration. Data and fasting blood samples came from a prospective comprehensive geriatric assessment cohort of older adults (age≥65, n=451) with cardiovascular diseases. The frailty index based on the accumulated deficits model (48 variables) was used for evaluating the status of frailty. TMAO levels differed between groups with a significant increase for people with frailty (p＜0.001). Compared with the lowest quartile of TMAO levels, patients in the highest quartile had increased 3.07-fold risk of frailty (OR=3.07, 95%CI, 1.69-2.97). After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, history of diseases, hsCRP, LDLc, TMAO levels remained associated with frailty (OR=2.11, 95%CI, 1.01-4.38). Similarly, a cubic spline curve showed a dose-dependent relationship between the odds ratio for the risk of frailty and circulating TMAO in a linear trend (p = 0.006). This study suggests that circulating TMAO are independently associated with frailty in older adult with cardiovascular diseases. Efforts to further characterize the relationship between gut microbiota metabolite and frailty should be further pursued.

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The Emerging Role of Gut Microbiota in Cardiovascular Diseases

Indian Heart Journal ◽

10.1016/j.ihj.2021.04.008 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dilip Kumar ◽

Sanjeev S. Mukherjee ◽

Rabin Chakraborty ◽

Rana Rathod Roy ◽

Arindam Pandey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Gut Microbiota

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Gut Microbiota Changes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Concomitant Cardiovascular Diseases

10.1101/2020.07.27.224329 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Olena H. Kurinna

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) bears serious economic consequences for the health care system worldwide and Ukraine, in particular. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Changes in the gut microbiota composition can be regarded as a potential mechanism of CVD in NAFLD patients.The purpose of this work was to investigate changes in major gut microbiota phylotypes, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria with quantification of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in NAFLD patients with concomitant CVD.The author enrolled 120 NAFLD subjects (25 with concomitant arterial hypertension (AH) and 24 with coronary artery disease (CAD)). The gut microbiota composition was assessed by qPCR.Resultsthe author found a marked tendency towards an increase in the concentration of Bacteroidetes (by 37.11% and 21.30%, respectively) with a decrease in Firmicutes (by 7.38% and 7.77%, respectively) in both groups with comorbid CAD and AH with the identified changes not reaching a statistical significance. The author quantified a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of Actinobacteria in patients with NAFLD with concomitant CAD at 41.37% (p<0.05) as compared with those with an isolated NAFLD. In patients with concomitant AH, the content of Actinobacteria dropped by 12.35%, which was statistically insignificant.Conclusionsthe author established changes in the intestinal microbiota, namely decrease in Actinobacteria in patients with CAD, which requires further research.

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From obesity through gut microbiota to cardiovascular diseases: a dangerous journey

International Journal of Obesity Supplements ◽

10.1038/s41367-020-0017-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 35-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paolo Marzullo ◽

◽

Laura Di Renzo ◽

Gabriella Pugliese ◽

Martina De Siena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Gut Microbiota

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Short chain fatty acids and methylamines produced by gut microbiota as mediators and markers in the circulatory system

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/1535370219900898 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 245 (2) ◽

pp. 166-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Maksymilian Onyszkiewicz ◽

Kinga Jaworska ◽

Marcin Ufnal

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Therapeutic Targets ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Ample Evidence ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Ample evidence suggests that gut microbiota-derived products affect the circulatory system functions. For instance, short chain fatty acids, that are the products of dietary fiber bacterial fermentation, have been found to dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure. Trimethylamine, a gut bacteria metabolite of carnitine and choline, has recently emerged as a potentially toxic molecule for the circulatory system. To enter the bloodstream, microbiota products cross the gut–blood barrier, a multilayer system of the intestinal wall. Notably, experimental and clinical studies show that cardiovascular diseases may compromise function of the gut–blood barrier and increase gut-to-blood penetration of microbiota-derived molecules. Hence, the bacteria products and the gut–blood barrier may be potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, we review research on the cardiovascular effects of microbiota-produced short chain fatty acids and methylamines. Impact statement Despite a progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, there are still significant gaps in understanding complex mechanisms underlying cardiovascular pathology. Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota products such as short chain fatty acids or methylamines may affect the circulatory system in health and disease. Hence, the microbiota-derived molecules are potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. Therapeutic options may include administration of selected bacterial strains (probiotics) producing desired metabolites or administration of direct gut microbiota products.

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The gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases

Sang thrombose vaisseaux ◽

10.1684/stv.2018.1010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 26-32

Author(s):

Caroline Chong-Nguyen ◽

Henri Duboc ◽

Harry Sokol

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Gut Microbiota

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Gut Microbiota: An Important Link between Western Diet and Chronic Diseases

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11102287 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2287 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zumin Shi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Western Diet ◽

Processed Food ◽

High Intake ◽

Important Link

A Western diet characterised by high intake of energy-dense and processed food is a risk factor for many chronic diseases including diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases [...]

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Gastroenterocardiology: Or what do the gut and the heart have in common?

Timocki medicinski glasnik ◽

10.5937/tmg2101011j ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 11-22

Author(s):

Zoran Joksimović ◽

Dušan Bastać ◽

Snežana Pavlović

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

The gut microbiota of our organism is a community of bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses and parasites that make up a unique ecosystem in the digestive tract, which consists of about 1014 microorganisms. The diversity of this community between individuals occurs because of the differences in the host genome and the impact of environmental factors, including hygiene, diet, lifestyle and the use of different drugs. Significant evidence suggests that changes in the microbiota could play a role in cardiovascular diseases. The results of research papers for the last two decades have confirmed that altered gut microbiota composition (dysbiosis) contributes to the development of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic inflammatory bowel disease and even certain types of cancer. There is growing evidence that in the future, apart from current predisposing factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors, one should count on new risk factors such as nutritional disproportion and gut dysbiosis. Thus, we look upon the relationship between the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system, i.e. the "gut-heart axis" in a new way.

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