scholarly journals Gut Microbiota: An Important Link between Western Diet and Chronic Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zumin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Important Link

A Western diet characterised by high intake of energy-dense and processed food is a risk factor for many chronic diseases including diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases [...]

scholarly journals Beneficial Effect of Intestinal Fermentation of Natural Polysaccharides

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiehua Zhang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yuan Liang ◽  
Xu Jiao ◽  
Changhui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Health Risk Factor ◽  
High Caloric Diet

With the rapid development of modern society, many chronic diseases are increasing including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, etc., which further cause an increased death rate worldwide. A high caloric diet with reduced natural polysaccharides, typically indigestible polysaccharides, is considered a health risk factor. With solid evidence accumulating that indigestible polysaccharides can effectively prevent and/or ameliorate symptoms of many chronic diseases, we give a narrative review of many natural polysaccharides extracted from various food resources which mainly contribute their health beneficial functions via intestinal fermentation.

Soybean Diacylglycerol Regulates Lipid Metabolism in D-galactose induced Aging Rats by Altering Gut Microbiota and Gene Expression of Colonic Epithelial Cells

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Han ◽  
Rongrong Sun ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Jianming Luo ◽  
Xichun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Colonic Epithelial Cells ◽  
Aging Rats

Lipid metabolism is closely related to the health of aging bodies, and its disorder often leads to cardiovascular diseases and chronic diseases. Dietary fat is one of the important sources...

Regulatory effect of volatile compounds in fermented alcoholic beverages on gut microbiota and serum metabolism in mouse model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Ji ◽  
Cheng Fang ◽  
Wei Jia ◽  
Hai Du ◽  
Yan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Main Risk Factor

Ethanol (EtOH) is the main risk factor for alcoholic liver disease. However, fermented alcoholic beverages contain not only ethanol but also various volatile compounds. Currently, effects of volatile compounds in...

scholarly journals TRAIL and Cardiovascular Disease—A Risk Factor or Risk Marker: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1252
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kakareko ◽  
Alicja Rydzewska-Rosołowska ◽  
Edyta Zbroch ◽  
Tomasz Hryszko
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Risk Marker ◽  
Artery Disease

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a pro-apoptotic protein showing broad biological functions. Data from animal studies indicate that TRAIL may possibly contribute to the pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke and abdominal aortic aneurysm. It has been also suggested that TRAIL might be useful in cardiovascular risk stratification. This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether TRAIL is a risk factor or risk marker in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) focusing on major adverse cardiovascular events. Two databases (PubMed and Cochrane Library) were searched until December 2020 without a year limit in accordance to the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 63 eligible original studies were identified and included in our systematic review. Studies suggest an important role of TRAIL in disorders such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease, and pulmonary and gestational hypertension. Most evidence associates reduced TRAIL levels and increased TRAIL-R2 concentration with all-cause mortality in patients with CVDs. It is, however, unclear whether low TRAIL levels should be considered as a risk factor rather than a risk marker of CVDs. Further studies are needed to better define the association of TRAIL with cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Dietary switch to Western diet induces hypothalamic adaptation associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Fouesnard ◽  
Johanna Zoppi ◽  
Mélanie Petera ◽  
Léa Le Gleau ◽  
Carole Migné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Dietary Switch ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Prevents Sugar Alcohol-Induced Diarrhea

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2029
Author(s):  
Kouya Hattori ◽  
Masahiro Akiyama ◽  
Natsumi Seki ◽  
Kyosuke Yakabe ◽  
Koji Hase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Sugar Alcohol ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Sugar Alcohols ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rdna Analysis

While poorly-absorbed sugar alcohols such as sorbitol are widely used as sweeteners, they may induce diarrhea in some individuals. However, the factors which determine an individual’s susceptibility to sugar alcohol-induced diarrhea remain unknown. Here, we show that specific gut bacteria are involved in the suppression of sorbitol-induced diarrhea. Based on 16S rDNA analysis, the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria increased in response to sorbitol consumption. We found that Escherichia coli of the family Enterobacteriaceae degraded sorbitol and suppressed sorbitol-induced diarrhea. Finally, we showed that the metabolism of sorbitol by the E. coli sugar phosphotransferase system helped suppress sorbitol-induced diarrhea. Therefore, gut microbiota prevented sugar alcohol-induced diarrhea by degrading sorbitol in the gut. The identification of the gut bacteria which respond to and degrade sugar alcohols in the intestine has implications for microbiome science, processed food science, and public health.

Perceived Stress Predicts Subsequent Self-Reported Problems With Vision and Hearing: Longitudinal Findings From the German Ageing Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 016402752110273
Author(s):  
Markus Wettstein ◽  
Hans-Werner Wahl ◽  
Vera Heyl
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Middle Adulthood ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
German Ageing Survey

Although stress is a risk factor for various diseases in later life, its role for sensory abilities in the second half of life has rarely been empirically addressed. We examined if perceived stress at baseline predicts self-reported difficulties with vision and hearing 3 years later. We also explored whether chronological age is a moderator of associations between stress and sensory difficulties. Our sample was derived from the German Ageing Survey and consisted of n = 5,085 individuals aged 40–95 years ( M = 64.01 years, SD = 10.84 years). Controlling for baseline self-reported sensory functioning, socio-demographic indicators, self-rated health and chronic diseases, greater perceived stress at baseline predicted greater self-reported difficulties with vision and hearing 3 years later. The effect of stress did not vary by age. Our findings suggest that, from middle adulthood to advanced old age, stress is a risk factor for increases in self-perceived problems with vision and hearing.

scholarly journals Nutrition as a Key Modifiable Factor for Periodontitis and Main Chronic Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Prescilla Martinon ◽  
Laurie Fraticelli ◽  
Agnes Giboreau ◽  
Claude Dussart ◽  
Denis Bourgeois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Increased Risk

Nutrition is recognized as an essential component in the prevention of a number of chronic diseases, including periodontal disease. Based on these considerations, a better understanding is required regarding how the diet, and more particularly the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients, could impact the potential relationship between nutrition and periodontal diseases, periodontal diseases and chronic diseases, nutrition and chronic diseases. To overcome this complexity, an up-to-date literature review on the nutriments related to periodontal and chronic diseases was performed. High-sugar, high-saturated fat, low-polyols, low-fiber and low-polyunsaturated-fat intake causes an increased risk of periodontal diseases. This pattern of nutrients is classically found in the Western diet, which is considered as an ‘unhealthy’ diet that causes cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancers. Conversely, low-sugar, high-fiber and high-omega-6-to-omega-3 fatty acid ratio intake reduces the risk of periodontal diseases. The Mediterranean, DASH, vegetarian and Okinawa diets that correspond to these nutritional intakes are considered as ‘healthy’ diets, reducing this risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancers. The role of micronutrients, such as vitamin D, E, K and magnesium, remains unclear, while others, such as vitamin A, B, C, calcium, zinc and polyphenols have been shown to prevent PDs. Some evidence suggests that probiotics and prebiotics could promote periodontal health. Periodontal and chronic diseases share, with a time delay, nutrition as a risk factor. Thus, any change in periodontal health should be considered as a warning signal to control the dietary quality of patients and thus reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases later on.

scholarly journals Moderate alcohol intake promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development in mice expressing oncogenic Kras

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (2) ◽  
pp. G265-G276
Author(s):  
Kinji Asahina ◽  
Steven Balog ◽  
Edward Hwang ◽  
Eugene Moon ◽  
Emily Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Intake

Kras mutations are associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Although tobacco smoking, pancreatitis, and obesity are known environmental risk factors for PDAC, the contribution of moderate alcohol intake to PDAC remains elusive. In the present study, we tested whether a combination of risk factors or moderate alcohol intake induces PDAC development in mice. Control Pdx1Cre and Pdx1Cre;LSL- KrasG12D mutant mice were fed a Western alcohol diet containing high levels of cholesterol and saturated fat, 3.5% alcohol, and lipopolysaccharide for 5 mo. In addition, mice were treated with cerulein, for induction of pancreatitis, and nicotine every month. Treatment with all of these risk factors promoted development of advanced pancreatic neoplasia and PDAC in the Pdx1Cre;LSL- KrasG12D mice but not in the control Pdx1Cre mice. Moderate alcohol intake or Western diet feeding also significantly promoted advanced neoplasia and PDAC development in Pdx1Cre;LSL- KrasG12D mice compared with mice fed a regular chow. Alcohol, but not Western diet, increased tumor development in the liver in the Pdx1Cre;LSL- KrasG12D mice, but its origin remained elusive due to leakiness of Pdx1Cre in hepatocytes. RNA-seq analysis revealed that alcohol feeding increases expression of markers for tumors ( Epcam, Krt19, Prom1, Wt1, and Wwtr1), stroma ( Dcn, Fn1, and Tnc), and cytokines ( Tgfb1 and Tnf) and decreases expression of Fgf21 and Il6 in the pancreatic tumor tissues. Immunostaining showed heterogeneous expression of nephronectin, S100 calcium-binding protein A6, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in pancreatic tumors surrounded by podoplanin-positive stromal cells. Our data indicate that moderate alcohol drinking is a risk factor for development of PDAC. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Heavy alcohol intake has been suspected to be a risk factor of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in humans. However, the contribution of moderate alcohol intake to PDAC development remains elusive. In the present study, we experimentally show that moderate alcohol feeding significantly induces advanced stages of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia development and invasive PDAC in Pdx1Cre;LSL- KrasG12D mutant mice. Our data indicate that moderate alcohol drinking is a risk factor for PDAC.

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