scholarly journals Physical-chemical and microbiological analysis of water from shallow wells in Imperatriz (MA), Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Anderson Gomes Nascimento Santana ◽  
Cecilia Nahomi Kawagoe Suda ◽  
Jairo Rodrigues Santana Nascimento ◽  
Gannabathula Sree Vani
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shallow Wells ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Chloride Sulfate ◽  
Origin Of Oil ◽  
High Level

The quality of groundwater from Imperatriz (MA) is little known. This work investigated microbiological contaminants (total coliforms and Escherichia coli) and the levels of 10 physicochemical parameters in 10 wells located in the urban periphery of the municipality of Imperatriz. The counts of E. coli and total coliforms were ≥ 1600 CFU mL-1 in all the wells. Levels of chloride, sulfate, hardness and turbidity levels were below the maximum allowed for drinking water. However, levels of iron (0.46 – 1.75 mg L-1) and pH (5.02 – 5.92) were not in compliance with drinking water standards in all the wells investigated. The same was observed in relation to oil and grease in water (0.0 – 6.8 mg L-1), which were detected in 40% of the wells. Levels of nitrite (0.71 – 3.84 mg L-1), nitrate (4.16 – 13.52 mg L-1) and total dissolved solids (810 – 2060 mg L-1) were above the highest limit in 50%, 60% and 70% of wells, respectively. The acidic pH observed in all the wells makes them also unsuitable for animal intake and irrigation. The acidity and the high level of iron in all wells suggest that they are natural characteristics of the soil and the groundwater of the region. Contamination with nitrite and nitrate in some wells, as well as high counts of coliforms, may be related to deficiencies in basic sanitation in the area. The origin of oil and grease in the wells should be better investigated to avoid contamination of the water table.

scholarly journals Аналіз мікробної контамінації туш свиней в процесі забою та первинної обробки

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 194-199
Author(s):  
V.B. Kusturov ◽  
V.V. Kasyanchuk ◽  
A.M. Bergievich
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mesophilic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Criteria ◽  
Important Pathway ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
High Level

The article presents the results of studies on the еxploring of microbial contamination of pigs' carcasses in the pork slaughter and primary processing with microorganisms such as general mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae coliforms and E.coli. The carcass surfaces were examined in six technological operations: after bleeding (1) after scalding and removing bristles and hair (2) after singeing and polishing (3); аfter the nutration (4); аt the final point after a veterinary examination (5); аfter cooling down to a temperature of 4–5 °C (6). Sampling swabs was carried out during 2015–2016 years, 530 samples were selected from 260 carcasses accordance with ISO Standard 17604 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs-Carcass sampling for microbiological analysis. Swabs sampling from carcass sites taken from thigh and outer and inner surfaces of the chest and abdominal wall. It was found that the high level of contamination of surfaces carcasses with general mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae. They were exceeded after bleeding the microbiological criteria an average of 2.2–2.4 Log CFU/cm2 and 2.5-2.7 Log CFU/cm2, respectively. Each subsequent technological operation reduced the level of contamination of carcass surfaces: the amount of general mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae after scalding, removing bristles and hair on the carcass surface, significantly decreased compared to levels that were after bleeding, but were above the standard values by an average of 0.7 Log CFU/Cm2 and by 0.35 Log CFU/cm2, respectively. The number of coliform forms and E. coli on the carcass surface after singeing and polishing was less than after bleeding by an average of 1.8 Log CFU/cm2 and 1.23 Log CFU/cm2, respectively. The intestinal tract is also the an important pathway for contamination of pigs' carcasses. Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli testing demonstrate the effectiveness of slaughter process control procedures and is the indicator for fecal contamination. After cooling of the carcasses, on their surfaces the amount of microorganisms studied was within the permissible levels.

scholarly journals E. coli and Coliform Bacteria as Indicators for Drinking Water Quality and Handling of Drinking Water in the Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Ngaire Nicholson ◽  
Klaus Neumann ◽  
Carolyn Dowling ◽  
Subodh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
National Park ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sagarmatha National Park

During the 2016 pre-monsoon dry season, we undertook a systematic study of water quality, specifically fecal contamination of drinking water, in the Khumbu Valley, Sagarmatha National Park (SNP, Mt. Everest region) and SNP buffer zone, Nepal. Our goal was to quantify physical parameters (temperature, pH, conductivity and total dissolved solids), and the presence of fecal coliforms (E. coli and total coliforms) in drinking water and drinking water sources (predominately groundwater-fed springs). This data set will function as a baseline for access to potable water and further monitoring. Sample sites were selected based on primary use as a drinking water and/or drinking water source for each community. In general, there is little correlation between and physical parameters however, there are very weak correlations between total coliform data and increasing temperature, and decreasing elevation and pH. There does, however, appear to be a correlation between population (including tourist numbers) and both E. coli and total coliforms. Our study clearly indicates that the presence of bacterial indicators of fecal pollution during the dry season. Samples from the more populated, lower altitude areas had higher levels of E. coli and coliform bacteria. Importantly, drinking water that was stored in tanks or transported long distances had a much higher incidence of E. coli and total coliforms suggesting that a change in water handling practices might have an important impact on drinking water quality and population health. 

Chlorine Injury and the Comparative Performance of Colisure™, Colilert™ and Coliquik™ for the Enumeration of Coliform Bacteria and E. coli in Drinking Water

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon A. McFeters ◽  
Barry H. Pyle ◽  
Shaun J. Gillis ◽  
Carole J. Acomb ◽  
David Ferrazza
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Enzyme Detection

Several factors have stimulated interest in recently developed substrate specific media for the detection of coliform bacteria in water. This study compared the performance of Colisure™ (Millipore), ColiLert™ (Environetics) and ColiQuick™ (Hach) with accepted membrane filtration and MPN methodologies for the enumeration of total coliforms and E. coli in chlorinated water. The performance of all three media was compared, in MPN configuration, with LTB/MPN (confirmed) using a variety of drinking and source water samples, both with and without chlorination. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test yielded statistical correlations between results obtained with each of the three new enzyme detection media and accepted reference methods for the detection of low numbers of total coliforms. Another series of tests compared the performance of Colisure with accepted methods (LTB/MPN confirmed with BGLB and EC-MUG) in the detection of total coliforms and E. coli in sewage-spiked samples simulating contaminated drinking water, using an USEPA/AWWA test protocol. The results demonstrated that Colisure detected these indicator bacteria with greater sensitivity than the accepted methods and that this difference increased between 24 and 28 hours of incubation. The results of this study collectively support the validity of the new enzyme detection method for the detection of low levels of coliform bacteria and E. coli in source water and contaminated drinking water.

Assessment of microbiological quality of drinking water from household tanks in Bermuda

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lévesque ◽  
D. Pereg ◽  
E. Watkinson ◽  
J.S. Maguire ◽  
L. Bissonnette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
General Information ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Electoral Register ◽  
Highly Correlated

Bermuda residents collect rainwater from rooftops to fulfil their freshwater needs. The objective of this study was to assess the microbiological quality of drinking water in household tanks throughout Bermuda. The tanks surveyed were selected randomly from the electoral register. Governmental officers visited the selected household (n = 102) to collect water samples and administer a short questionnaire about the tank characteristics, the residents’ habits in terms of water use, and general information on the water collecting system and its maintenance. At the same time, water samples were collected for analysis and total coliforms and Escherichia coli were determined by 2 methods (membrane filtration and culture on chromogenic media, Colilert kit). Results from the 2 methods were highly correlated and showed that approximately 90% of the samples analysed were contaminated with total coliforms in concentrations exceeding 10 CFU/100 mL, and approximately 66% of samples showed contamination with E. coli. Tank cleaning in the year prior to sampling seems to protect against water contamination. If rainwater collection from roofs is the most efficient mean for providing freshwater to Bermudians, it must not be considered a source of high quality drinking water because of the high levels of microbial contamination.

Comparative performance of colisureTM and accepted methods in the detection of chlorine-injured total coliforms and E. coli

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 259-261
Author(s):  
G. A. McFeters ◽  
S. C. Broadaway ◽  
B. H. Pyle ◽  
M. Pickett ◽  
Y. Egozy
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Reference Methods ◽  
The Us ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water

Studies were done to examine the comparability of ColisureTM and accepted reference methods to detect low numbers of total coliform bacteria and E. coli subjected to chlorine stress. ColisureTM is a medium designed to concurrently detect coliform bacteria and E. coli in drinking water by the specific action of β-galactosidase (total coliforms) and β-glucuronidase (E. coli). The methods used to compare the performance of various media followed a protocol established by the USEPA. Samples (31) of sewage from six different regions of the US were treated with sufficient concentrations of chlorine (1.2-2.5mg/l) to reduce viability 1-3 logs (39% average injury) and diluted with drinking water to achieve ca. 3 viable coliforms/100ml. The mean log reductions in viable bacteria, determined with various media following disinfection of the 31 samples were: mEndo = 1.87 (TC), ColisureTM = 1.55 (TC), mTec = 3.63 (E. coli) and ColisureTM = 2.01 (E. coli). When ColisureTM was compared with accepted methods to detect total coliforms in the dilute, disinfected samples, ColisureTM yielded results that were 1.6 times greater than LTB confirmed in BGLB at 28h. ColisureTM also detected 1.7 times greater levels of E. coli than LTB confirmed in EC/MUG at 28h. Sensitivity and specificity of ColisureTM were between 96 and 100% when positive and negative tests were verified. These findings indicate that ColisureTM is superior to certain accepted reference methods in the detection of chlorine-injured coliforms and E. coli under conditions that resemble contaminated drinking water.

Pot chlorination of shallow wells in a peri-urban community in Kenya: an effectiveness trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-571
Author(s):  
Krista Vandermeer ◽  
Robert Dreibelbis ◽  
Daniel Obote Akoko ◽  
Richard D. Rheingans
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Well Water ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Shallow Wells ◽  
Local Residents

The effectivenss of pot chlorination to continously treat shallow wells in a peri-urban community in Kisumu, Kenya, was evaluated. A total of 30 shallow wells used by local residents were identified. Half were randomly allocated to be treated by pot chlorination, while the remainder served as the control group. Residual free chlorine (RFC) and the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were measured in all wells before chlorination and at repeated intervals over a 14-day period. Although there was a reduction in E. coli levels in the intervention wells post-chlorination, there was no difference in the percentage of wells in each group meeting WHO drinking water guidelines of 0 E. coli CFUs/100 ml on day 7 (p = 0.444) or day 14 (p = 0.188). While the intervention was associated with a statistically significant improvement in the percentage of chlorinated wells meeting the WHO guidelines for RFC of at least 0.5 mg/l (41.7%) compared to control wells on day 7 (p = 0.010), by day 14 there was no detectable difference between the two groups (p = 0.444). Pot chlorination of the shallow wells in this study did not improve the microbiological quality of well water to WHO drinking water standards and was not effective in maintaining the recommended RFC required for continuous disinfection.

scholarly journals Sanitary and microbiological indicators of drinking water of livestock farms

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (95) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
T. I. Fotina ◽  
S. M. Nazarenko ◽  
A. I. Fotin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Livestock Farms ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

The article presents data on the study of sanitary and microbiological indicators of drinking water of livestock farms. The criteria for sanitary and hygienic assessment of water from a microbiological point of view are the total amount of microflora and the presence or absence of Escherichia coli, the definition of pathogenic microorganisms, including salmonella, which characterize its fitness for consumption by animals. The main purpose of sanitary and microbiological research is to provide animals, the population with quality water, for which hygienic assessment of water of infectious safety for human and animal health is carried out. Full supply of livestock enterprises with good quality water is one of the main prerequisites for successful production of quality and safe livestock products. The goal of the work. In connection with this, the purpose of our research was to investigate the sanitary and microbiological parameters of the drinking water of livestock farms. Sanitary and microbiological studies of drinking water sources for animals were conducted. It was found that in the studied samples, the number of bacteria of the group of Escherichia coli (BGKP) in 1 liter of water (coli-index) ranges from 200 to 140 000 and more. Of all the samples tested for this indicator, only 39.4% of the reservoirs met the normative indicator. Water samples from artesian wells in 12.3% of cases did not meet the sanitary and hygienic requirements for the amount of BGKP. When carrying out sanitary-microbiological analysis of samples of water from various elements of water supply systems with respect to conditionally pathogenic microflora, it was found that the samples that were collected from the wafers had the highest degree of microbial contamination. The total number of microorganisms was 107 CFU/cm3, and the coli index exceeded 240 thousand units. Examining the water samples found that 40% of the samples had an increased amount of enterobacteria. From the samples tested, 100 cultures of conditionally pathogenic microflora were isolated, including E. faecalis – 32%, E. coli – 23%, E. cloacae – 9%, E. faecium – 11% and K. pneumoniae – 4%, of which 59.3 respectively: 30.4; 33.3; 54.5 and 75% had hemolytic properties. E. faecalis showed resistance to erythromycin, cefuroxime, benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, vancomycin; E. faecium – to vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline; representatives of the family Enterobacteriacea (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae) – mainly to amoxicillin, streptomycin, levomycetin.

Microbial Quality of Water Supply to an Urban Community in Trinidad

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1297-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAVAUGHN AGARD ◽  
CORLIS ALEXANDER ◽  
SIMONE GREEN ◽  
MICHAEL JACKSON ◽  
SANJEEV PATEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
The Difference

A microbiological study was conducted to determine the quality of the water supply to an urban community in San Fernando proper in south Trinidad using total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms as indicators of water pollution. The membrane filter technique was used to detect total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms on endo agar and MFc agar, respectively. The residual chlorine levels in water from the reservoir, from standpipes along the distribution line, and from households were determined with a commercial test kit. Of a total of 104 drinking water samples obtained from households, 84 (80.8%), 56 (53.8%), and 70 (67.3%) tested positive for total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, and Escherichia coli, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05, χ2). Of the 81 water samples collected from the Water and Sewerage Authority (WASA) main supply to households, 38 (46.9%), 13 (16.0%), and 27 (33.3%) were contaminated by total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, and E. coli, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05, χ2). Eight (20.5%) of 39 water samples from standpipes along the distribution line tested positive for total coliforms, compared with 4 (10.3%) samples testing positive for thermotolerant coliforms. All five samples of treated water obtained from the reservoir tested negative for coliforms. There was a significant difference (P = 0.004) in the mean residual chlorine levels in water from the reservoir, water from standpipes, and water from households. Similarly, as the level of residual chlorine decreased, there was a statistically significant (P = 0.004) increase in the prevalence of total coliforms in water from 0.0% (treated reservoir water) to 15.2% (standpipe) to 53.5% (household mains) to 80.0% (household drinking water). There was also a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001, χ2) in the prevalence of total coliforms in drinking water and in water from the WASA main supply to households. Of the 105 E. coli strains tested, 7 (6.7%), 16 (15.2%), and 22 (21.0%) were mucoid, hemolytic, and non–sorbitol fermenters, respectively. It was concluded that the high degree of contamination of drinking water in households poses a health hazard to consumers.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Bacteriological Quality of Manual Drilling Water in the Tandjilé Region in Chad

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allaramadji Beyaitan Bantin ◽  
Xia Jun ◽  
Hongping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriological Quality

The assessment of water quality consists of counting bacteria indicating fecal contamination or detecting the presence of pathogenic bacteria using standardized or validated methods of classical microbiology. Our present study aims to determine the bacteriological quality of drilling water in the Tandjilé region of Chad. Our method used was based on qualitative and quantitative research on suspected total coliforms, Echerichia Coli and fecal enterococci were analyzed according to the standard routine methods of the French Association for Normalization (AFNOR). Microbiological analysis shows the presence of indicators of fecal contamination such as total coliforms, Escherichia coli and fecal enterococci. The number of strains detected in 100 ml were E. coli (7 /29 samples), fecal Streptococcus (6 /29 samples) and total coliforms (29/29 samples), respectively from borehole water. The contamination rate of E. coli is 24.13%, total coliforms 100% and 20.68% of fecal enterococci in boreholes. The high number of these microorganisms is more than the values recommended by the WHO for the quality of drinking water. Corrective and urgent measures are needed to improve the quality of these water resources, rich in pathogens, which are health risks, and the causes of infectious diseases such as gastroenteritis, diarrhea, typhoid and skin diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document