scholarly journals E. coli and Coliform Bacteria as Indicators for Drinking Water Quality and Handling of Drinking Water in the Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Ngaire Nicholson ◽  
Klaus Neumann ◽  
Carolyn Dowling ◽  
Subodh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
National Park ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sagarmatha National Park

During the 2016 pre-monsoon dry season, we undertook a systematic study of water quality, specifically fecal contamination of drinking water, in the Khumbu Valley, Sagarmatha National Park (SNP, Mt. Everest region) and SNP buffer zone, Nepal. Our goal was to quantify physical parameters (temperature, pH, conductivity and total dissolved solids), and the presence of fecal coliforms (E. coli and total coliforms) in drinking water and drinking water sources (predominately groundwater-fed springs). This data set will function as a baseline for access to potable water and further monitoring. Sample sites were selected based on primary use as a drinking water and/or drinking water source for each community. In general, there is little correlation between and physical parameters however, there are very weak correlations between total coliform data and increasing temperature, and decreasing elevation and pH. There does, however, appear to be a correlation between population (including tourist numbers) and both E. coli and total coliforms. Our study clearly indicates that the presence of bacterial indicators of fecal pollution during the dry season. Samples from the more populated, lower altitude areas had higher levels of E. coli and coliform bacteria. Importantly, drinking water that was stored in tanks or transported long distances had a much higher incidence of E. coli and total coliforms suggesting that a change in water handling practices might have an important impact on drinking water quality and population health. 

scholarly journals Drinking Water Quality in the Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Nicholson ◽  
Emily Hayes ◽  
Klaus Neumann ◽  
Carolyn Dowling ◽  
Subodh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
National Park ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Sagarmatha National Park

Drinking water quality and antibiotic resistance of E. coli and Salmonella spp. from different sources in Gweru urban, Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond Tichaona Mugadza ◽  
Sibusisiwe Isabel Nduku ◽  
Edlyn Gweme ◽  
Sherpherd Manhokwe ◽  
Patience Marume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Sources

Foundation News: Impact of the pandemic on the GWB drinking water project in the Nepal Himalaya region

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-243
Author(s):  
Kirsten Nicholson ◽  
Klaus Neumann ◽  
Subodh Sharma ◽  
Lakpa Thering Sherpa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
National Park ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Geologic Mapping ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Sagarmatha National Park ◽  
Water Vulnerability

In 2019, after almost a decade of working on water quality in the Himalayas, we submitted a proposal to Geoscientists Without Borders® (GWB) titled “Understanding high mountain aquifers to source drinking water in Sagarmatha National Park.” The project involves a combination of water-quality and quantity measurements, geologic mapping, and an electrical resistivity tomography survey. The goal of the project is to help two communities (Phortse and Lobuche within Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal) minimize their water vulnerability to climate change and earthquakes. The project team includes researchers and students from the United States and Nepal, as well as nongovernmental organizations, government agencies, and community councils. In the proposal, we identified physical health and altitude as the primary risks that could hinder the success of the project. Like everyone else in early 2019, we had no way to foresee the events of 2020, which would almost completely derail our project. Health has turned out to be the major hinderance. The irony of the global pandemic is how much it has impacted the work of the U.S.-based team and how little it has impacted the necessity of the project.

scholarly journals The rationale for introducing the indices «Generalized coliform bacteria» and «Escherichia coli» into the scheme of sanitary and microbiological control of water quality as indices of fecal contamination

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1353-1359
Author(s):  
Angelika V. Zagainova ◽  
Galina M. Trukhina ◽  
Yury A. Rakhmanin ◽  
Tamara Z. Artemova ◽  
Marina A. Sukhina
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Safety Of Drinking Water ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

Introduction. The increasing bacterial contamination of water bodies requires an increase in water quality control’s reliability to ensure epidemic safety against waterborne infections. Therefore, researchers in both Russia and Europe came to the conclusion that it is necessary to search for indicator microorganisms that can more accurately suggest the presence of pathogens. microorganisms in water than traditional indicators. The aim of the study was to justify the introduction of indicator indices of fecal contamination “generalized coliform bacteria” and Escherichia coli to assess the safety of drinking water Material and methods. The article provides an analysis of domestic and international regulatory documents and literary materials regulating the quality of drinking water in terms of sanitary and microbiological indicators and assessment criteria. The results of many years of experimental and field research carried out by research organizations and practical organizations of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare are presented. Results. On the territory of Russia, “general coliform bacteria,” is one of the indicator indices chosen according to the fermentation of lactose, determine the safety of drinking water. The water does not take into account pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella, Shigella) and a number of lactose-negative opportunistic bacteria, causative agents of intestinal infections. The study of microorganisms isolated from the feces of patients confirms the frequency of occurrence of lactose-negative microorganisms to varying from 20 to 100% of strains. With an annual trend towards a decrease in the percentage of non-standard drinking water samples in terms of microbiological indices, general intestinal infections (GII) of unknown etiology increase, i.e. risk of GII. If the quality of drinking water does not correspond to thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB), 95% of samples contain E. coli. Therefore, the determination of E. coli more reliably indicates the intake of fresh fecal contamination and provides efficiency in taking measures to eliminate an unfavorable situation than TCB. Conclusion. Reasons are given for the introduction of more reliable microbiological indicators of water safety control, such as - “generalized coliform bacteria” with the preservation of the abbreviation GCB, combining both lactose-positive and lactose-negative bacteria, determined by the sign of glucose fermentation, negative oxidase test and negative stain according to Gram and E. coli as an indicator of recent faecal contamination, which will allow the assessment of water quality for a wide range of bacteria of the order Enterobacterials, corresponding to the modern taxonomy of Enterobacteriaceae NCBI, will ensure harmonization with international requirements and the safety of drinking water for the population.

scholarly journals Spatial Variations in Groundwater Quality Around Dumpsite in Igando

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Akoteyon ◽  
S Isaiah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
T Test ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Wet Season

Water samples collected from fifteen hand dug wells in November (dry season), 2011 and July (Wet season), 2012 using random sampling technique. In situ parameters were measured for pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids using portable meters. Heavy metals were analyzed for; Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cr using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The study aimed at examining the spatial variations in groundwater quality around dumpsite in Igando using paired sample T-test statistical technique. The result shows that the measured pH values were below the minimum WHO standard for drinking water quality in wet and dry seasons in about73.3% and 26.7% respectively. Also, approximately, 13.3% of EC, and 6.7% exceeded the prescribed standard limit of WHO in dry and wet seasons respectively. Concentration of Fe exceeded drinking water quality in all the sampling locations during wet season and only about 46.7% in dry season. Pb, Zn, and Cu exceeded WHO limit in about 86.7%, 80%, and 26.7% respectively in dry season. Concentration of Pb, Cd , Cu and Cr were under detection limit in all the locations except at locations G2 for Cu in wet season. The paired samples statistics and correlation revealed that the mean values of all the parameters were higher in dry season with the exception of Fe. No significant correlations exist among the paramet er for both seasons at p<0.05. The paired T-test show significant seasonal variations among four heavy metals including Fe, Cd, Pb and Zn.The study concluded that, samples in dry season are of low quality compared to wet. The study recommends public enlightenment on solid waste disposal, controlled anthropogenic activities, and treatment /recycling of waste to prevent heavy metal from leaching unto the sub-surface.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22063 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 179-186 2013

scholarly journals Water source quality in Ahenema Kokoben, Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadu Salifu ◽  
Helen M. K. Essandoh ◽  
Afsatou Ndama Traore ◽  
Natasha Potgieter
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Test Kit

Abstract Regular monitoring of microbial quality of water used for drinking is an important aspect of public health. Microbiological quality, using a novel microbial water quality test kit – Compartment Bag Test (CBT; AguaGenX, LLC, Chapel Hill, NC, USA), and physical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature and electrical conductivity) of 94 different water sources used by communities in the Ahenema Kokoben area of Ghana for drinking were tested. Using the WHO drinking water quality risk categories for the presence of Escherichia coli indicator bacteria, only 56% (53/94) of the water sources were safe for drinking, while 29% (27/94) of the water sources were classified as high risk and unsafe for human purposes. Some of the physical parameters were also higher than guideline values and could have been a contributing factor to poor water quality. Overall, the CBT proved to be a reliable alternative to traditional and laboratory-dependent microbial drinking water quality tests which can be easily used by water authorities to make sure that water is safe to drink.

Automatic detection of coliform bacteria for industrial control of drinking water quality

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1089-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Bernard ◽  
Geneviève Boissonnade ◽  
Yves Regnat ◽  
François Colin ◽  
Marie-José Jourdain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Automatic Detection ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Industrial Control

Chlorine Injury and the Comparative Performance of Colisure™, Colilert™ and Coliquik™ for the Enumeration of Coliform Bacteria and E. coli in Drinking Water

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon A. McFeters ◽  
Barry H. Pyle ◽  
Shaun J. Gillis ◽  
Carole J. Acomb ◽  
David Ferrazza
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Enzyme Detection

Several factors have stimulated interest in recently developed substrate specific media for the detection of coliform bacteria in water. This study compared the performance of Colisure™ (Millipore), ColiLert™ (Environetics) and ColiQuick™ (Hach) with accepted membrane filtration and MPN methodologies for the enumeration of total coliforms and E. coli in chlorinated water. The performance of all three media was compared, in MPN configuration, with LTB/MPN (confirmed) using a variety of drinking and source water samples, both with and without chlorination. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test yielded statistical correlations between results obtained with each of the three new enzyme detection media and accepted reference methods for the detection of low numbers of total coliforms. Another series of tests compared the performance of Colisure with accepted methods (LTB/MPN confirmed with BGLB and EC-MUG) in the detection of total coliforms and E. coli in sewage-spiked samples simulating contaminated drinking water, using an USEPA/AWWA test protocol. The results demonstrated that Colisure detected these indicator bacteria with greater sensitivity than the accepted methods and that this difference increased between 24 and 28 hours of incubation. The results of this study collectively support the validity of the new enzyme detection method for the detection of low levels of coliform bacteria and E. coli in source water and contaminated drinking water.

scholarly journals Drinking Water Quality at Academic Institutions of Tangail Municipality

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
M Sultana ◽  
ASM Saifullah ◽  
MB Latif ◽  
SA Mamun ◽  
DS Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Average Lead

An experiment was conducted to explore the drinking water quality at some selected academic institutions of Tangail municipality during the period of August to September, 2012. For this, an investigation was carried out to study the standard water quality parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, Pb, As, Fe and E. coli concentration of the five academic institutions. In general, there were no major differences found in pH, EC and TDS values among the studied stations and not exceeded the recommended thresholds. In case of heavy metal content, very trace amount of Arsenic (0.0071ppm) was recorded from all selected institutions. In contrast, average lead concentration (0.307xppm) was much higher than all acceptable standard limits and most risky position was taken by station-3 (0.46ppm). Similar to Pb, average Fe concentration (0.255ppm) was five times higher than the acceptable value of EU standard but not exceeded BD standard value. All the samples were E.Coli bacteria free.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22074 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 247-252 2013

scholarly journals Community and household determinants of water quality in coastal Ghana

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen T. McGarvey ◽  
Justin Buszin ◽  
Holly Reed ◽  
David C. Smith ◽  
Zarah Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Associations between water sources, socio-demographic characteristics and household drinking water quality are described in a representative sample of six coastal districts of Ghana's Central Region. Thirty-six enumeration areas (EAs) were randomly chosen from a representative survey of 90 EAs in rural, semi-urban and urban residence strata. In each EA, 24 households were randomly chosen for water quality sampling and socio-demographic interview. Escherichia coli per 100 ml H2O was quantified using the IDEXX Colilert® system and multi-stage regression models estimated cross-sectional associations between water sources, sanitation and socio-demographic factors. Almost three quarters, 74%, of the households have &gt;2 E. coli /100 ml H2O. Tap water has significantly lower E. coli levels compared with surface or rainwater and well water had the highest levels. Households with a water closet toilet have significantly lower E. coli compared with those using pit latrines or no toilets. Household size is positively associated, and a possessions index is negatively associated, with E. coli. Variations in community and household socio-demographic and behavioural factors are key determinants of drinking water quality. These factors should be included in planning health education associated with investments in water systems.

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