scholarly journals Extreme rainfall and IDF equations for Alagoas State, Brazil

Author(s):  
Álvaro José Back ◽  
Sabrina Baesso Cadorin ◽  
Sérgio Luciano Galatto

Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) equations have important applications in several engineering areas such as urban drainage designs, hydrological modeling, and soil conservation projects. This study analyzes the annual maximum series and fits IDF equations for 44 rainfall stations in Alagoas State, Brazil. We adjusted parameters of the Gumbel distribution (GD) and the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution. The fitting of the observed data to the probability distributions, as well as the selection of the best distribution, were based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Anderson-Darling tests at a 5% significance level. The GEV distribution with parameters obtained by the L-moments method was considered the best in 73% of rainfall stations. The estimated IDF equations showed a good fit, with determination coefficients above 0.991. The maximum rainfall intensities have spatial variation following the climatic zones of the state. The fitted equations allow estimating rainfall intensities from 5 minutes to 24 hours with a return period of 2 to 100 years, and standard error of less than 6.83 mm h-1.

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 2127-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro José Back ◽  
Alan Henn ◽  
José Luiz Rocha Oliveira

Knowledge of intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationships of rainfall events is extremely important to determine the dimensions of surface drainage structures and soil erosion control. The purpose of this study was to obtain IDF equations of 13 rain gauge stations in the state of Santa Catarina in Brazil: Chapecó, Urussanga, Campos Novos, Florianópolis, Lages, Caçador, Itajaí, Itá, Ponte Serrada, Porto União, Videira, Laguna and São Joaquim. The daily rainfall data charts of each station were digitized and then the annual maximum rainfall series were determined for durations ranging from 5 to 1440 min. Based on these, with the Gumbel-Chow distribution, the maximum rainfall was estimated for durations ranging from 5 min to 24 h, considering return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, and 100 years,. Data agreement with the Gumbel-Chow model was verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, at 5 % significance level. For each rain gauge station, two IDF equations of rainfall events were adjusted, one for durations from 5 to 120 min and the other from 120 to 1440 min. The results show a high variability in maximum intensity of rainfall events among the studied stations. Highest values of coefficients of variation in the annual maximum series of rainfall were observed for durations of over 600 min at the stations of the coastal region of Santa Catarina.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4-1) ◽  
pp. 394-399
Author(s):  
Noratiqah Mohd Ariff ◽  
Abdul Aziz Jemain ◽  
Mohd Aftar Abu Bakar

Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves represent the relationship between storm intensity, storm duration and return period. The IDF curves available are mostly done by fitting series of annual maximum rainfall intensity to parametric distributions. However, the length of annual rainfall records, especially for small scaled data, are not always enough. Rainfall records of less than 50 years are usually deemed insufficient to unequivocally identify the probability distribution of the annual rainfall. Thus, this study introduces an alternative approach that replaces the need for parametric fitting by using empirical distribution based on plotting positions to represent annual maximum rainfall series. Subsequently, these plotting positions are used to build IDF curves. The IDF curves found are then compared to the IDF curves yielded from the parametric GEV distribution which is a common basis for IDF curves. This study indicates that IDF curves obtained using plotting positions are similar to IDF curves found using GEV distribution for storm events. Hence, researchers could model and subsequently build IDF curves for annual rainfall records of less than 50 years by using plotting positions and avoid any probability distribution fitting of insufficient data.


Irriga ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
LORENA JÚLIO GONÇALVES ◽  
CRISTIANO TAGLIAFERRE ◽  
MANOEL NELSON DE CASTRO FILHO ◽  
RODRIGO LACERDA BRITO NETO ◽  
BISMARC LOPES DA SILVA ◽  
...  

DETERMINAÇÃO DA EQUAÇÃO INTENSIDADE-DURAÇÃO-FREQUÊNCIA PARA ALGUMAS LOCALIDADES DO ESTADO DA BAHIA     LORENA JÚLIO GONÇALVES1; CRISTIANO TAGLIAFERRE2; MANOEL NELSON DE CASTRO FILHO3; RODRIGO LACERDA BRITO NETO4; BISMARC LOPES DA SILVA5 E FELIZARDO ADENILSON ROCHA6   1 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola e Solos da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB); Estrada do Bem Querer, Km 04; Caixa Postal 95; CEP 45031-900, Vitória da Conquista – BA, [email protected]; 2 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola e Solos da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB); Estrada do Bem Querer, Km 04; Caixa Postal 95; CEP 45031-900, Vitória da Conquista – BA, [email protected]; 3 Departamento de Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário; CEP 36570-900; Viçosa – MG; [email protected]; 4 Mestre em Ciências Florestais pela Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB); Rua Madureira, n° 160, Bairro Primavera; CEP 45700-000, Itapetinga – B; [email protected]; 5 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola e Solos da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB); Estrada do Bem Querer, Km 04; Caixa Postal 95; CEP 45031-900, Vitória da Conquista – BA, [email protected]; 6 Instituto Federal da Bahia/ Campus Avançado de Vitória da Conquista; Avenida Sérgio Vieira de Mello, n° 3150, Bairro Zabelê; CEP 45075-265, Vitória da Conquista – BA, [email protected].     1 ABSTRACT   The objective of this study was to fit intensity-duration-frequency equations (IDF) for sites in Bahia state, Brazil. Maximum annual rainfall lasting 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 360 and 1440 minutes were fitted to Gumbel distribution. Equation parameters were estimated using Gauss Newton method for non-linear regressions. According to Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, all equations were fitted to Gumbel distribution. From fitted distributions, maximum annual rainfall intensity was calculated for 2, 10, 20, 50 and 100years return periods, which were used to define the equation for intense rainfall events. Fitting parameters of the equations varied across rain gage stations, especially for the parameter K, suggesting the need for determining these equations for each site, thereby providing information when designing agricultural and hydraulic projects.   Keywords: Hydrology. Extreme Rainfall. Distribution of Gumbel.     GONÇALVES, L. J.; TAGLIAFERRE, C.; CASTRO FILHO, M. N; BRITO NETO, R. L.; SILVA, B. L; ROCHA, F. A. DETERMINATION OF INTENSITY-DURATION-FREQUENCY EQUATIONS FOR SITES IN BAHIA STATE     2 RESUMO   O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar equações de intensidade-duração-frequência (IDF), com base em chuvas extremas para algumas localidades do Estado da Bahia. As precipitações máximas anuais com duração de 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 360 e 1440 minutos foram ajustadas à distribuição de Gumbel. Os parâmetros da equação foram estimados pelo método de regressão não linear de Gauss Newton. De acordo com o teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov houve ajuste de todas as equações à distribuição de Gumbel. Através das distribuições ajustadas, calcularam-se os valores de intensidade máxima anual de precipitação para períodos de retorno de 2, 10, 20, 50 e 100 anos, que serviram de base para definir a equação de chuvas intensas. Os valores dos parâmetros ajustados das equações variaram entre as estações, notadamente o parâmetro K, evidenciando a necessidade da determinação dessas equações para cada localidade para dimensionamento de projetos agrícolas e de obras hidráulicas.   Palavras-chave: Hidrologia. Chuvas Intensas. Distribuição de Gumbel.


Author(s):  
Viviane R. Dorneles ◽  
Rita de C. F. Damé ◽  
Claudia F. A. Teixeira-Gandra ◽  
Patrick M. Veber ◽  
Gustavo B. Klumb ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Based on historical series, for each locality, equations can characterize the relationship between intensity, duration and frequency of rainfall occurrence. The objective of this study was to present two equations that can describe the occurrence of intense rainfall in Pelotas, RS state, over the period 1982-2015. The two equations were denominated conventional and hybrid, depending on the probabilistic model used. Following the conventional methodology, the parameters of Normal, Log-Normal, Gumbel and Gamma probability distributions were adjusted by the maximum likelihood method for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 and 100 years. The maximum intensity values for the hybrid equation were obtained using the empirical model of Weibull, considering return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 25 years. On the other hand, the same theoretical distributions used in the conventional equation were applied to return periods of 50 and 100 years. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to select the best fitting distribution for the data. In order to verify the information acquired through the Weibull empirical model in comparison to the theoretical distributions, the t-test was applied to the angular coefficients. Significant differences were not verified between the values of maximum rainfall intensities obtained using the two methodologies, for the pre-established durations and return periods. Thus, considering the maximum rainfall intensities values (durations of 5-1440 min) and return periods of 2-100 years in the municipality of Pelotas, RS, Brazil, both the hybrid and the conventional intense rainfall equations can be used.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e30
Author(s):  
Nayara Dos Santos Albrigo ◽  
Maylla Tawanda dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Nelma Tavares Dias Soares ◽  
Gleibson De Souza Andrade ◽  
Vinicius Alexandre Sikora de Souza ◽  
...  

Information on extreme rainfall events associated with predictability and probabilities, especially in intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves, are essential for the development of engineering projects aimed at sanitation, drainage and waterproofing of surfaces, which allow to offer more suitable conditions for dimensioning hydraulic and hydrological works and services. However, much of the North Region of the country does not have this information available or updated. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop the IDF equation for the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul - AC. A 14-year historical series was used, distributed between 1993 and 2011, such data were analyzed by the Gumbel distribution, the same being related, by means of the daily rain breakdown, for return periods comprising 2 to 100 years and rainfall durations of 5 minutes to 24 hours. In the analysis for the construction of the curve, it was observed that the years 1995 and 2002 corresponded to the years with the highest precipitated height indexes, being 111 mm and 103 mm, respectively, however these events had an estimated return time between 3 and 8 years, which does not denote anomalous events. The IDF curve constructed in the study showed good adherence to the observed data, which proves its use in the region.


2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 5823-5846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Innocenti ◽  
Alain Mailhot ◽  
Anne Frigon

Abstract. Extreme precipitation is highly variable in space and time. It is therefore important to characterize precipitation intensity distributions on several temporal and spatial scales. This is a key issue in infrastructure design and risk analysis, for which intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves are the standard tools used for describing the relationships among extreme rainfall intensities, their frequencies, and their durations. Simple scaling (SS) models, characterizing the relationships among extreme probability distributions at several durations, represent a powerful means for improving IDF estimates. This study tested SS models for approximately 2700 stations in North America. Annual maximum series (AMS) over various duration intervals from 15 min to 7 days were considered. The range of validity, magnitude, and spatial variability of the estimated scaling exponents were investigated. Results provide additional guidance for the influence of both local geographical characteristics, such as topography, and regional climatic features on precipitation scaling. Generalized extreme-value (GEV) distributions based on SS models were also examined. Results demonstrate an improvement of GEV parameter estimates, especially for the shape parameter, when data from different durations were pooled under the SS hypothesis.


Author(s):  
Emanuele B. Manke ◽  
Claudia F. A. Teixeira-Gandra ◽  
Rita de C. F. Damé ◽  
André B. Nunes ◽  
Maria C. C. Chagas Neta ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Although several studies have evaluated the intensity-duration-frequency relationships of extreme rainfall events, these relationships under different seasonal conditions remain relatively unknown. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether the intensity-duration-frequency relationships obtained seasonally from the rainfall records in the winter and summer represent the maximum rainfall events for the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Pluviographic data from 1982 to 2015 were used to create two seasonal series: one for the summer from December 21 to March 20 and the other for the winter from June 21 to September 22. These seasonal relationships were compared with the annual pluviographic data. The intensity, duration, and frequency relationships obtained from the summer rain data adequately represented the maximum rainfall in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The maximum intensity values of rainfall obtained from the relationship of intensity, duration, and frequency for the winter did not adequately encapsulate the occurrence of rain with greater intensities.


Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Óscar E. Coronado-Hernández ◽  
Ernesto Merlano-Sabalza ◽  
Zaid Díaz-Vergara ◽  
Jairo R. Coronado-Hernández

Frequency analysis of extreme events is used to estimate the maximum rainfall associated with different return periods and is used in planning hydraulic structures. When carrying out this type of analysis in engineering projects, the hydrological distributions that best fit the trend of maximum 24 h rainfall data are unknown. This study collected maximum 24 h rainfall records from 362 stations distributed throughout Colombia, with the goal of guiding hydraulic planners by suggesting the probability distributions they should use before beginning their analysis. The generalized extreme value (GEV) probability distribution, using the weighted moments method, presented the best fits of frequency analysis of maximum daily precipitation for various return periods for selected rainfall stations in Colombia.


Author(s):  
Rebati Sinam

For any development of hydraulic structures and dam modelling, flood frequency analysis is an effective tool to determine the appropriate measures and strategy. Flood frequency analysis has been conventionally used in hydraulic engineering and floodplain management. The present study is an attempt to estimate the expected flood using two probability distributions: Gumbel distribution and Log Pearson III distribution at Champua watershed, Upper Baitarani River Basin, Odisha. The analysis is based on annual maximum flood time series from 1991 to 2018 (28 years) obtained from Water Resources Information System at the Champua gauging station. Three Goodness of fit methods namely Kolmogorov Smirnov, Anderson Darling and Chi Squared tests are used to choose the better model. From the analysis, expected flood for return period 2, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 1000 years are calculated. Gumbel give an expected flood 521.72 cumecs while Log Pearson III give an expected flood of 493.17 cumecs for 2 years return period. It is observed that Gumbel estimated a higher values for all the said return period except for 1000 years where Log Pearson III predicted a much higher values. Goodness of test show inconsistent results. While Chi-squared test indicate Gumbel Method as the better model, the other two tests show that Log Pearson III is the better fitting model for the given dataset. Therefore, Log Pearson III is chosen as the best model. However, the results from both the distributions can be referred for storm management.


The IDF Curves accessible are for the most part done by fitting arrangement of yearly greatest precipitation force to parametric dispersions. Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves represent the relationship between storm intensity, storm duration and return period. Environmental change is relied upon to intensify the boundaries in the atmosphere factors. Being prone to harsh climate impacts, it is very crucial to study extreme rainfall-induced flooding for short durations over regions that are rapidly growing. One way to approach the extremes is by the application of the Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves. The annual maximum rainfall intensity (AMRI) characteristics are often used to construct these IDF curves that are being used in several infrastructure designs for urban areas. Thus, there is a necessity to obtain high temporal and spatial resolution rainfall information. Many urban areas of developing countries lack long records of short-duration rainfall. The shortest duration obtained is normally at a daily scale/24 h. Thus, it is very crucial to find a methodology to construct IDF curves for short-duration rainfall (sub-daily) for these urban areas. The fast extension of urban area that does not have adequate preparedness to cope with climate change is certainly a big risk to life and economy. The study region lies in Karnataka India. The sub-daily IDF curves for current and future climate for the region were constructed from 1 to 24 h based on the Normal Distribution approach. Rainfall data of 23 (Twenty three) hydrological years of all stations were used. Maximum rainfall frequency analysis was made by Normal Distribution method. Finally Equations were developed for different return periods


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