scholarly journals Outflow adjustment coefficient for the design of storage facilities using the rain envelope method applied to Brazilian state capitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Diego Marangoni Santos ◽  
Joel Avruch Goldenfum ◽  
Fernando Dornelles
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Adjustment Coefficient ◽  
Envelope Curve ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Outlet Flow ◽  
Curve Method ◽  
Hydrologic Design ◽  
Stormwater Control ◽  
Detention Facilities

Detention devices are often used as alternative measures for stormwater control. The Envelope Curve Method is widely used in Brazil to estimate detention device volumes. This method estimates the storage volume based on inlet and outlet balance, where the inlet is obtained by the Rational Method and the outlet by orifice bottom discharge. Usually, the outlet flow is adopted as a constant and equivalent to the maximum allowed, and this procedure can cause reservoir undersizing. This paper evaluates detention control measures’ hydraulic behavior for the Envelope Curve Method and proposes the inclusion of an outflow adjustment coefficient (Cout), seeking to compensate for the adoption of constant outlet flow simplification. Values for this coefficient were estimated for several Brazilian state capitals, ranging from 0.62 up to 0.65. The undersizing hypothesis due to the adoption of constant outlet flow was confirmed, as the simulations showed the need for an increase between 8.4% to 16.8% in the device size. This undersizing may be compensated for by applying the outflow adjustment coefficient (Cout). Keywords: adjustment coefficient, detention facilities, envelope curve, hydrologic design outflow adjustment coefficient.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Maintaining Stormwater Control Measures: A Synthesis of Recent Research and Practitioner Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Erickson ◽  
Vinicius Taguchi ◽  
John Gulliver
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Regional Characteristics ◽  
Permeable Pavements ◽  
The World ◽  
Inspection And Maintenance ◽  
Stormwater Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control

The methods for properly executing inspection and maintenance of stormwater control measures are often ambiguous and inconsistently applied. This paper presents specific guidelines for inspecting and maintaining stormwater practices involving media filtration, infiltration, ponds, and permeable pavements because these tend to be widely implemented and often unsatisfactorily maintained. Guidelines and examples are based on recent scientific research and practitioner experience. Of special note are new assessment and maintenance methods, such as testing enhanced filtration media that targets dissolved constituents, maintaining proper vegetation coverage in infiltration practices, assessing phosphorus release from pond sediments, and the development of compressed impermeable regions in permeable pavements and their implications for runoff. Inspection and maintenance examples provided in this paper are drawn from practical examples in Northern Midwest USA, but most of the maintenance recommendations do not depend on regional characteristics, and guidance from around the world has been reviewed and cited herein.

scholarly journals Spatial patterns of leprosy in a hyperendemic state in Northern Brazil, 2001-2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Dias Monteiro ◽  
Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo ◽  
Aline Lima Brito ◽  
Carlos Henrique Alencar ◽  
Jorg Heukelbach
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Late Diagnosis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Case Detection Rate ◽  
Brazilian State

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the spatial patterns of leprosy in the Brazilian state of Tocantins. METHODS This study was based on morbidity data obtained from the Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN – Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System), of the Ministry of Health. All new leprosy cases in individuals residing in the state of Tocantins, between 2001 and 2012, were included. In addition to the description of general disease indicators, a descriptive spatial analysis, empirical Bayesian analysis and spatial dependence analysis were performed by means of global and local Moran’s indexes. RESULTS A total of 14,542 new cases were recorded during the period under study. Based on the annual case detection rate, 77.0% of the municipalities were classified as hyperendemic (> 40 cases/100,000 inhabitants). Regarding the annual case detection rate in < 15 years-olds, 65.4% of the municipalities were hyperendemic (10.0 to 19.9 cases/100,000 inhabitants); 26.6% had a detection rate of grade 2 disability cases between 5.0 and 9.9 cases/100,000 inhabitants. There was a geographical overlap of clusters of municipalities with high detection rates in hyperendemic areas. Clusters with high disease risk (global Moran’s index: 0.51; p < 0.001), ongoing transmission (0.47; p < 0.001) and late diagnosis (0.44; p < 0.001) were identified mainly in the central-north and southwestern regions of Tocantins. CONCLUSIONS We identified high-risk clusters for transmission and late diagnosis of leprosy in the Brazilian state of Tocantins. Surveillance and control measures should be prioritized in these high-risk municipalities.

Microplastics retained in stormwater control measures: Where do they come from and where do they go?

2021 ◽  
pp. 118008
Author(s):  
Vera S. Koutnik ◽  
Jamie Leonard ◽  
Joel B. Glasman ◽  
Jaslyn Brar ◽  
Hatice Ceylan Koydemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control

scholarly journals Effects of Urban Stormwater Control Measures on Denitrification in Receiving Streams

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Rivers ◽  
Sara McMillan ◽  
Colin Bell ◽  
Sandra Clinton
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Benthic Habitat ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Impervious Area ◽  
Denitrification Activity ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Stormwater Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control

Urban areas are increasingly adopting the use of ecologically-based technologies for stormwater management to mitigate the effects of impervious surface runoff on receiving water bodies. While stormwater control measures (SCMs) reduce runoff, their ability to influence ecosystem function in receiving streams is not well known. To understand the effect of SCMs on net ecosystem function in stream networks, we measured sediment denitrification in four streams across a gradient of urban and suburban residential development in Charlotte, NC. We evaluated the influence of SCM inputs on actual (DNF) and potential (DEA) denitrification activity in stream sediments at the SCM-stream confluence to quantify microbial processes and the environmental factors that control them. DNF was variable across sites, ranging from 0–6.60 mg-N·m−2·h−1 and highly correlated with in-stream nitrate (NO3-N) concentrations. Sites with a greater impervious area showed a pattern of significantly higher DEA rates upstream of the SCM compared to downstream, while sites with less imperviousness showed the opposite trend. We hypothesize that this is because of elevated concentrations of carbon and nitrogen provided by pond and wetland outflows, and stabilization of the benthic habitat by lower peak discharge. These results suggest that SCMs integrated into the watershed have the potential to create cascading positive effects on in-stream nutrient processing and thereby improve water quality; however, at higher levels of imperviousness, the capacity for SCMs to match the scale of the impacts of urbanization likely diminishes.

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