Growth performance, carcass characteristics and pork quality of pigs fed diets containing meal from conventional or glyphosate-tolerant canola

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Caine ◽  
J. L. Aalhus ◽  
M. E. R. Dugan ◽  
K. A. Lien ◽  
I. L. Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Slaughter Pigs ◽  
Commercial Sources ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Growth performance, carcass characteristics and pork quality were evaluated for pigs fed barley and wheat-based diets, which included meal from conventional or transgenic glyphosate-tolerant (Roundup-Ready®) canola. One hundred and forty-four pigs (72 gilts and 72 barrows) weighing 30 ± 3 kg were assigned, three to a pen, on the basis of gender and weight to receive one of four dietary treatments formulated using canola meal from two commercial sources (COM1 and COM2), non-transgenic parental control (PCC) or transgenic (RRC) canola. Pigs were fed a grower diet (75 g kg-1 canola meal) until 60.5 ± 4.0 kg and then a finishing diet (150 g kg-1 canola meal) to 108.6 ± 7.3 kg at slaughter. Pigs receiving the COM1 and COM2 diets had an overall higher (P < 0.0001) daily feed intake (DFI) compared with pigs fed the PCC and RRC diets. Corresponding average daily gain (ADG) was also increased (P = 0.02) for COM1-fed pigs, although feed conversion efficiencies (FCE) of the pigs were similar (P > 0.05) among diets. Gilts had lower overall DFI (P < 0.0001), ADG (P < 0.0001) and FCE (P = 0.04) compared with barrows. Pigs receiving the PCC and RRC diets had heavier (P = 0.002) liver weights than those pigs fed the COM1 and COM2 diets (2.06 and 2.05 kg vs. 1.95 and 1.96 kg, respectively). Postmortem decline in pH and temperature of the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle from pigs were not different (P > 0.05) among the dietary treatments. Characteristics of pork quality for the LT muscle, which included objective colour and shear force were also not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary source of canola meal. Gross composition of commercial pork cuts were similar (P > 0.05) among the dietary treatments with the exception of small differences for intermuscular (P = 0.04) and body cavity (P = 0.02) fat in the picnic cut and body cavity (P = 0.02) fat in the loin cut. Differences in DFI, ADG and liver weights of the pigs may be related to higher content of antinutritional glucosinolates (µmoles g-1) in the PCC (20.20) and RRC (15.04) varieties compared with COM1 (7.55) and COM2 (7.46) sources of canola meal. Key words: Transgenic canola, growth, pork quality, pigs

Effects of corn-, wheat- or triticale dry distillers’ grains with solubles on in vitro fermentation, growth performance and carcass traits of lambs

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
L E McKeown ◽  
A V Chaves ◽  
M Oba ◽  
M E.R. Dugan ◽  
E Okine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing a mixture of canola meal and barley grain with corn-, wheat- or triticale dry distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) at 20% of dietary dry matter (DM) on in vitro ruminal fermentation in bovine ruminal fluid and on growth performance and carcass characteristics of lambs. Sixty ram lambs (22.6 ± 3.0 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments and given individual ad libitum access to feed until they attained slaughter weight. The control diet consisted (DM basis) of 54% barley grain, 16% sunflower hulls, 11.5% beet pulp, 10% canola meal, 2.5% canola oil and 6.0% molasses, vitamins and minerals mixture. For the three DDGS dietary treatments, 10% barley grain and 10% canola meal were replaced with 20% corn-, wheat-or triticale-DDGS. The source of DDGS did not influence (P > 0.51) dry matter intake (DMI) or average daily gain (ADG). Feed conversion (feed:gain) of lambs fed wheat DDGS was approx. 12% poorer (P < 0.05) than that of lambs fed control or corn DDGS diets. In vitro data suggest that the inefficient gain may have been attributable to greater (P < 0.05) ammonia concentration at 24 h and lower digestibility of wheat DDGS. Carcass traits, including hot carcass weight, body wall thickness and saleable meat yield, were not affected (P > 0.60) by dietary treatment. Total saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in subcutaneous fat were also not affected by DGGS source (P ≥ 0.13). There was no treatment effect (P = 0.33) on concentrations of t11-18:1, but feeding triticale DDGS increased the concentration (P = 0.04) of c9, t11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). In conclusion, DDGS from corn, wheat or triticale can replace a mixture of barley grain and canola meal at 20% of dietary DM without adversely affecting DMI, ADG or carcass characteristics of growing lambs, although wheat DDGS may reduce feed conversion ratio (feed:gain). Including triticale DDGS may also improve the fatty acid profile of subcutaneous fat.Key words: Lamb, corn, wheat, triticale, distillers’ grains, performance, carcass characteristics

Effects of dietary Korean garlic extract aged by Leuconostoc mesenteroides KCCM35046 on growth performance, digestibility, blood profiles, gas emissions, and microbiota in weanling pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-469
Author(s):  
J.H. Cho ◽  
S.D. Liu ◽  
I.H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A total of 150 crossbred pigs [(Duroc × Yorkshire) × Landrace; body weight (BW) = 5.74 ± 1.15 kg; weaned at day 21 after birth] were assigned to one of five dietary treatments (six pens per treatment and five pigs per pen) by BW and sex (two barrows and three gilts) for a 6 wk experiment. The pen was considered the experimental unit in the statistical model. Treatments were corn–soybean meal diets supplemented with 0.0033% tiamulin as well as 0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, or 0.20% fermented garlic (FG). The average daily gain, average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio were linearly (p < 0.05) increased by FG inclusion during days 21–42 and days 0–42. Dietary supplementation of FG linearly increased (p < 0.05) the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy as well as blood immunoglobulin G concentration during week 6. The fecal ammonia (NH3), total mercaptan emissions, and Escherichia coli counts were linearly (p < 0.05) reduced by FG in the diet. Dietary supplementation of FG increased (p < 0.05) ADFI during days 21–42 and days 0–42 and reduced (p < 0.05) fecal NH3 emissions compared with pigs fed tiamulin. In conclusion, the results indicate that FG can enhance growth performance and digestibility, and reduce fecal E. coli counts as well as fecal gas emissions in weanling pigs.

Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Australian prime lambs supplemented with pellets containing canola oil or flaxseed oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don V. Nguyen ◽  
Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli ◽  
Peter D. Nichols ◽  
Aduli E. O. Malau-Aduli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Body Conformation

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of enriched omega-3 oil supplemental pellets, breed and gender on lamb liveweight (LWT), body conformation and carcass characteristics, and to assess the relationships between body conformation and growth under an intensive finishing condition. Sixty ewe and wether prime lambs 7 months old were randomly allocated to one of five dietary treatments: no oil inclusion (Control); 2.5% canola oil; 5% canola oil; 2.5% flaxseed oil and 5% flaxseed oil, balanced by breed (purebred Merinos (M × M) and Corriedale × Merino (C × M) and White Suffolk × Corriedale (W × C) first crosses). Lambs were individually supplemented with 1 kg pellets per day and had free access to lucerne hay and water throughout the 7-week feeding trial, after a 3-week adaptation. Dietary oil inclusion did not cause significant differences in daily feed intake, growth performance and carcass characteristics (P > 0.05). However, first-cross W × C lambs had significantly higher feed intake, chest girth and body conformation score (P < 0.05) than M × M and C × M lambs. Carcass weight, dressing percentage and fat depth of crossbred lambs were significantly higher than those of M × M (P < 0.05). Significant interactions between oil inclusion and breed on average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio were observed. There were positive and highly significant correlations among LWT, ADG and body conformation measurements (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that prime lamb producers can better manage and match their breeding goals with feed resources by supplementing first-cross C × M lambs with pellets containing 5% canola oil or feeding first-cross W × C lambs with 5% flaxseed oil pellets during the 10-week intensive finishing period.

scholarly journals Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Carcass Characteristics of Pigs Fed Diets Containing Amarula (Sclerocarya Birrea A. Rich) Nut Cake as Replacement To Soybean Meal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggy Palesa Mabena ◽  
Moses Ratsaka ◽  
Thobela Nkukwana ◽  
Ingrid Malebana ◽  
Douglas Nkosi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea

Abstract This experiment evaluated varying levels of Amarula (Sclerocarya birrea A. Rich) nut cake (ANC) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics in pigs. Thirty Large White × Landrace (LW × LR) pigs were stratified by weight (average live weight of 20 ± 5 kg) and randomly allocated to the five experimental diets that contained 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 g ANC/kg DM. Each pig served as a replicate unit, housed individually. Bodyweight, feed intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded weekly throughout the trial period. On completion of the growth trial, following a 3-day adaptation, a nutrient digestibility study was conducted over 5 days. Thereafter, pigs were fasted for twelve hours, weighed, slaughtered, and carcass samples were collected for analysis. Feed intake was not affected by dietary treatment, but ADGs were reduced at ANC levels > 15%, resulting in poor FCR. Protein digestibility was reduced at ANC levels > 15%, while ether extract and fibre levels increased. Warm and cold carcass weights were lower at ANC levels > 15, with improved meat redness and lightness. It was concluded that ANC could replace SBM in the diet of growing pigs at less than 15% inclusion level.

scholarly journals By-products of apricot processing in quail feed: Effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat physicochemical quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-883
Author(s):  
Fatma Boubekeur ◽  
Rafik Arbouche ◽  
Yasmine Arbouche ◽  
Fodil Arbouche
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
By Products

Background and Aim: The rearing of quails can have a stronger attraction for the breeders if we lower the cost prices by introducing by-products in their feed formulas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the partial substitution of soybean meal by apricot kernel cake (AKC) in the diet of quails, applied either sequentially or during all phases of rearing, on their growth performances, carcass characteristics, and meat physicochemical composition. Materials and Methods: A total of 600 one-day-old quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), with equal sex ratio and weighing on average 7±0.2 g, were randomly distributed in one control group and three experimental groups, the latter being designed according to the rate of application of AKC in either sequential or non-sequential mode in different rearing phases. Each group was divided into five replicates of 30 quails, randomly distributed according to either substitution rate of soybean meal by the AKC (0%, 10%, 20%, or 30%) or farming phase. Results: The average daily gain from the 1st to 45th days (average daily gain1–45d) was found to be the highest (4.24 g/d/subject, p=0.021) for the 30% AKC-supplemented feed lot in either starter or finish incorporation (DFTAA), having an optimum final live weight of 193.4 g (p=0.028), a lowest feed conversion ratio of 3.08 (p=0.001), and a daily feed intake of 860 g (p=0.01). Carcass yield was recorded the highest (74.4%, p=0.02) with an optimum meat protein level (30.6%, p=0.024) and the lowest fat content (2.26%, p=0.001) for the same group as well. Conclusion: The partial substitution of soybean meal by AKC in the quails' fattening feeding, during the finishing phase and for all rearing phases, led to a better growth performance, a better carcass yield, and an improved chemical composition of meat.

scholarly journals PSIX-37 Evaluation of reducing dietary crude protein concentrations coupled with increasing essential amino acids on growth performance in fattening pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 351-352
Author(s):  
S-M Hong ◽  
D Jung ◽  
S-J You
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Fattening Pigs

Abstract A body of evidence suggests that low-protein diets in swine have benefits in view of environmental stewardship and economic returns. The present study was performed to evaluate essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation in the diets with reducing crude protein (CP) concentrations on growth performance in fattening pigs. We hypothesized that a low-CP diet with elevated EAA concentrations would result in similar growth performance in fattening pigs compared with a normal CP diet. Eighty finishing pigs with initial body weight (BW) of 72.0 ± 5.34 kg were assigned in a randomized complete block design with 5 replicates to test 4 dietary treatments: 1) 15.5% CP with EAA concentration at 109% of NRC requirement (control); 2) 14.0% CP with EAA concentration at 111% of NRC requirement (EAA111); 3) 14.0% CP with EAA concentration at 113% of NRC requirement (EAA113); and 14.0% CP with EAA concentration at 115% of NRC requirement (EAA115). The diets were isocaloric, whereas crystalline amino acids, L-Lys, L-Met, L-Thr, L-Trp, and L-Val were added to the diets to achieve the varying levels of EAA in the treatments. The Lys-to-net energy ratio in the diets was maintained at 3.06, 3.12, 3.18, and 3.24 to the control, EAA111, EAA113, and EAA115, respectively. Dietary treatments did not affect final BW. Additionally, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were similar across the treatments. On average, pigs fed the control and EAA111 numerically decreased FCR compared to those fed EAA113 and 115 (3.21 vs. 3.35, respectively; P = 0.46). Total feed cost throughout the experiment was $9.0/head lessen in EAA111 relative to the control; however, total feed costs to EAA113 and EAA115 were greater than the control. In summary, a low-CP diet with increased EAA supplementations did not have any negative impact on growth performance of fattening pigs.

scholarly journals Impact of Fermented Liquid Potato Hash Diets on Growth Performance of Grower Pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sylvester Thomas ◽  
Arnold Tapera Kanengoni ◽  
Michael Chimonyo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Inclusion Rate ◽  
Feed Source ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

The study aimed to evaluate growth performance of grower pigs fed fermented liquid potato hash with or without exogenous enzyme. Diets containing either 200 (LFLPH) g/kg potato hash (enzyme treated or not); 400 (HFLPH) g/kg potato hash (enzyme treated or not) or no fermented potato hash (control) were formulated to provide 14 MJ/kg digestible energy (DE), 180 g/kg crude protein (CP) and 11.6 g/kg lysine. Dietary treatments were control (no FLPH), enzyme treated LFPHE and HFLPHE, and untreated LFLPH and HFLPH. The exogenous enzyme was added in treated diets to provide minimum of 560-840 TXU/TDU xylanase per kg feed, at an inclusion rate of 100 g/tonne. Diets were mixed with water at 1:2 ration and fermented for 8 hours at 25 °C room temperature before being fed to pigs. Back-slopping fermentation approach was followed to prepare diets. Twelve pigs (25±2.3 kg) per diet that were individually housed were fed ad-lib for eight weeks. Pigs were allocated to diets in complete randomized design. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. The enzyme treated FLPH diets had higher (P < 0.05) CP, lower (P > 0.05) NDF and ADF concentrations compared to untreated FLPH diets. The LFPHE diet had higher (P < 0.001) final weight, ADG and lower (P < 0.001) ADFI and FCR compared to LFPH, HLFPH and HLFPHE. It was concluded that LFPHE diet may be an alternative feed source for growing pigs as indicated by higher gain and lower intake compared to LFLPH, HFLPH and HFLPHE.

scholarly journals 95 Betaine improves growth performance by increasing digestive enzymes activities, and ameliorating intestinal structure of piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
Sisi Li ◽  
Haichao Wang ◽  
Jie Feng
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Enzymes Activities ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract This study was aimed to investigate the effects of betaine on intestinal structures and digestive enzyme activities of piglets. A total of 150 crossbred piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire), with an average initial body weight of 8.52 ± 0.26 kg and age of 39-day, were randomly divided into three dietary treatments, each of which was replicated five times with ten pigs per replicate. The dietary treatments were basal diet supplemented with 0, 1250, 2500 mg/kg betaine, respectively. The experiments lasted for 30 days. The results showed that supplementation of betaine in the diet significantly increased average daily gain (P &lt; 0.05), decreased diarrhea rate (P &lt; 0.05), and improved feed conversion rate (P &lt; 0.05) of piglets. The villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of small intestine were significantly increased with betaine supplementation (P &lt; 0.05). The addition of betaine in diet also increased the expression of tight junction proteins in small intestine (P &lt; 0.05) and decreased the diamine oxidase in plasma (P &lt; 0.05). The apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein and ether extract (P &lt; 0.05) and the activities of amylase, trypsin, and lipase (P &lt; 0.05) in small intestinal were increased with betaine addition. Enzyme kinetic experiments in vitro indicated that hypertonic environment formed by NaCl could inhibit the activities of amylase and trypsin. While betaine addition improved the affinity of amylase and trypsin with their corresponding substrates, thereby counteracted the inhibitory effect of hyperosmolarity. In conclusion, the supplementation of betaine in diet could improve growth performance of piglets by ameliorating intestinal structure, increasing digestive enzymes activities, promoting the digestion of nutrients and decreasing the diarrhea rate.

Effects of dietary methionine deficiency followed by replenishment on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
J. Wang ◽  
K. Cui ◽  
T. Ma ◽  
F. Zhang ◽  
S.-Q. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Methionine Deficiency ◽  
The Difference

Twelve pairs of male twin lambs were used to assess the effects of dietary methionine (Met) deficiency followed by replenishment on lamb growth performance and carcass characteristics. All lambs were weaned at 7 days of age and divided into the Control (CON) group and Met deficiency (MD) group. From 8 to 56 days of age, the lambs in the CON group were fed a milk replacer and starter feed containing 0.91% and 0.60% Met, respectively, whereas the lambs in the MD group were fed with a milk replacer and starter feed containing 0.21% and 0.20% Met, respectively. All lambs were fed a starter feed containing 0.60% Met from 57 to 84 days of age. Six twin pairs were slaughtered at 56 and 84 days of age, and their organ weights and carcass traits were measured. During 8 to 56 days of age, the Met-deficient diet decreased (P &lt; 0.05) Met intake, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, shrunk bodyweight, empty bodyweight, hot carcass weight, and the apparent digestibility of crude protein, ether extract and neutral detergent fibre; however, no differences were detected in dressing percentage or in the percentage of visceral organ weight to shrunk bodyweight between the groups (P &gt; 0.05). During the follow-up Met replenishment stage, no differences in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and percentages of visceral organs to shrunk bodyweight were found between the groups (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary Met deficiency in early life retarded the growth and development of lambs. Growth rate was not retarded during the 28 days of subsequent Met replenishment, but the difference in bodyweight between the groups remained.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding transgenic canola on apparent digestibility, growth performance and carcass characteristics of lambs

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stanford ◽  
J. L. Aalhus ◽  
M. E. R. Dugan ◽  
G. L. Wallins ◽  
R. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Transgenic Line ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Transgenic Canola

This study evaluated the effects of including meal from glyphosate-tolerant (Roundup-Ready®) canola (RRC) in barley-based diets for lambs on apparent digestibility of the diets, growth performance of the lambs, and carcass quality and composition. Four isonitrogenous diets were prepared that included canola meal [6.5%, dry matter (DM) basis] from four different sources (two commercially available canola blends, COM1 and COM2; a transgenic line, RRC and the parental non-transgenic line from which RRC was derived, PAR). Apparent digestibilities of the four diets were determined using eight mature wethers (67.8 ± 2.3 kg) in a replicated Latin square with four 21-d periods. No aspect of digestibility (DM, fibre, or nitrogen balance) was influenced by canola source. The growth trial involved 60 early-weaned Arcott lambs (30 ewes; 30 wethers; initial age approximately 2 mo; initial weight 21.5 ± 1.0 kg). The lambs were blocked by weight and gender for assignment to treatments, and fed the diets until reaching or exceeding 45 kg body weight. Intake of DM was similar among lambs fed COM1, COM2 and PAR diets, and between PAR and RRC (COM1, COM2 > RRC, P < 0.05). Diet did not affect (P > 0.05) average daily gain or feed efficiency. Carcass yield grade was higher (P < 0.05) for COM1 and COM2 diets than for PAR or RRC, although carcass composition did not differ (P > 0.05) between PAR and RRC. Canola source did not affect (P > 0.05) meat tenderness, as determined by shear force, drip loss or intramuscular fat content. Meat colour o f RRC-fed lambs did not differ from that of all other treatment groups. In this study, including canola meal prepared from glyphosate-tolerant canola did not alter diet digestibility, feed efficiency, growth performance, carcass characteristics or meat quality of lambs. Key words: Growth, lambs, meat quality, ruminant, transgenic canola

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