COPPER AND MOLYBDENUM STATUS OF GROWING BEEF CATTLE IN A SELENIUM DEFICIENT AREA OF NORTHERN ONTARIO

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HIDIROGLOU ◽  
K. J. JENKINS ◽  
J. R. LESSARD ◽  
R. B. CARSON
Keyword(s):  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Deficient Area ◽  
Copper Plasma

A study was conducted on the effect of nutritional muscular dystrophy (NMD) on the copper and molybdenum contents of various tissues from calves under three months of age. Fifty-one calves were employed from an area in northern Ontario where NMD is common and 12 calves from a dystrophy-free area. The latter animals were fed a milk substitute which contained some 4.5 times as much copper as the milk received by the calves in the NMD area. For suckled calves in northern Ontario, no significant difference in liver copper concentrations was observed between healthy and NMD-affected animals. In calves fed the milk substitute, the liver copper level was markedly higher [204.4 ± 71.0 (SD)] than in suckled calves with dystrophy (55.5 ± 36.3) or without the disorder (60.8 ± 53.7). The copper concentrations (μg/g DM) of other tissues from NMD-affected calves were: kidney 14.8 ± 3.3, heart 14.0 ± 2.5, lung 6.5 ± 2.0, spleen 4.3 ± 1.6 and muscle 3.0 ± 1.4. No significant differences in these copper levels occurred between NMD-affected and healthy calves, or those reared on the milk substitute. Similarly, there were no significant differences in tissue molybdenum concentrations. The data indicated that the calves reared in northern Ontario had a marginal copper deficiency. Tissue copper and molybdenum levels appeared to be unaffected by the development of myopathy in the calves. The copper status of two groups, of six calves each, wintered outdoors or indoors, also was compared. Hypocuprosis and copper plasma levels were not influenced by exposure to the severe outwintering conditions of northern Ontario. Plasma copper levels showed a gradual decrease from 66 ± 16 μg per 100 ml plasma at 1 week of age to 51 ± 10 μg per 100 ml at 19 weeks.

Iron-induced copper deficiency in calves: dose-response relationships and interactions with molybdenum and sulphur

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bremner ◽  
W. R. Humphries ◽  
M. Phillippo ◽  
M. J. Walker ◽  
P. C. Morrice
Keyword(s):  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Potent Antagonist ◽  
Rate Of Decline

ABSTRACTThe effects of dietary supplements of iron, molybdenum and sulphur on copper metabolism in calves were examined. In one experiment, 27 castrated male pre-ruminant Friesian calves were given a milk-substitute ration containing 0·9, 4·5 or 9 mmol iron per kg dry matter for 8 weeks. The iron supplements had no effect on liver copper retention. When 24 of these calves were then given a diet based on barley grains and barley straw containing 0, 4·5, 9 or 13·5 mmols iron per kg for up to 24 weeks, liver and plasma copper concentrations were greatly reduced in all iron-supplemented animals but no clinical signs of copper deficiency developed. Reduction in the dietary sulphur concentration from 88 o t 47 mmol/kg after 12 weeks did not prevent the iron-induced reduction in liver copper concentrations n i animals given 9 or 13·5 mmol iron per kg. Plasma copper concentrations increased in all iron-treated calves given the low-sulphur diets, except in animals given 13·5 mmol iron per kg. The results indicate that iron is a potent antagonist of copper metabolism in weaned calves and that its effects are probably independent of dietary sulphur supply.In a second experiment 20 Hereford × Friesian female calves were given diets with supplements of 2·7 mmol iron and 20 μmol molybdenum per kg, separately and together, for 41 weeks. Both supplements reduced liver and plasma copper concentrations but only in the molybdenum-treated animals were live-weight gains reduced. The rate of decline in liver and plasma copper concentrations tended to be greatest in animals given both supplements, indicating that additive action of these antagonists is possible.

Serum Copper Level and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Qingtao Jiang ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Lei Han ◽  
Baoli Zhu ◽  
Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Serum Copper Level ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The association of serum copper with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been studied for years, but no definite conclusion is drawn. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate serum copper concentrations in PCOS subjects compared with healthy controls. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Electronic search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus up to June 30, 2020, without any restriction. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with corresponding 95% CIs in serum copper levels were employed with random-effects model. <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> was applied to evaluate heterogeneity among studies. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Nine studies, measuring plasma copper levels in 1,168 PCOS patients and 1,106 controls, were included. Pooled effect size suggested serum copper level was significantly higher in women with PCOS (SMD = 0.51 μg/mL, 95% CI = [0.30, 0.72], <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001). The overall heterogeneity was not connected with subgroups of the country, but derived from the opposite result of 1 study. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our research generally indicated circulating copper level in PCOS sufferers was significantly higher than normal controls. Large-scale studies are still needed to elucidate the clear relation between copper status and etiology of PCOS.

Studies on copper and cobalt therapy of cattle in central coastal Queensland

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
GI Alexander ◽  
JM Harvey ◽  
JH Lee ◽  
WC Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Copper Supplementation ◽  
Copper Therapy ◽  
Effect Of Copper

Four experiments described determined the effect of copper and cobalt therapy on the growth and productivity of cattle on the marine plains of central coastal Queensland. Copper was administered by subcutaneous injections of copper glycinate, and cobalt by dosing per os with heavy cobalt pellets. The growth of weaned cattle was significantly improved by copper, particularly from June to October when limited palatable feed on the high ground forced the animals to forage on the para grass swamps. During the same period, 2-year-old heifers also showed a growth response to copper. Their conception rate increased after 19 months of copper therapy but not after 10.5 months. The growth rate of their calves bas significantly increased by copper supplementation. Liver copper concentrations were always low in untreated cattle. Copper therapy maintained these reserves at higher levels, which varied according to the season and the rate of growth of the animals. Calves born to treated cows had higher initial liver copper reserves than those from untreated cows, but in the absence of copper therapy these reserves declined to low and comparable levels in all calves at weaning. Pasture analyses suggest that the copper deficiency revealed was due to interference with copper metabolism rather than to a low copper status in the diet; this interference did not appear to be due to molybdenum. Weaned cattle appeared to respond to cobalt during 1960 but not subsequently, while the cows and calves showed no response. The vitamin B12 status in liver and serum appeared adequate in both treated and untreated cattle.

Copper responsive infertility in British cattle: the use of a blood caeruloplasmin to copper ratio in determining a requirement for copper supplementation

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Kendall ◽  
D. V. Illingworth ◽  
S. B. Telfer
Keyword(s):  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Veterinary Surgeons ◽  
Copper Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Veterinary Laboratory Agency ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
The University ◽  
Female Cattle

AbstractSigns of clinical copper deficiency in ruminant animals include infertility. Blood copper concentrations alone are not an adequate indicator of copper status, as they take no account of the thiomolybdate challenge to the animal. The use of the ratio of caeruloplasmin activity to plasma copper concentration should provide a better indicator of molybdenum induced copper problems. The objectives of this study were to obtain veterinary feedback on the University of Leeds Trace Element Laboratory's (ULTEL) assessment of copper status and responses to any recommended supplementation. Blood samples from 713 female cattle from 114 herds were assessed for copper status, including plasma copper concentrations, serum caeruloplasmin activities and the ratio between the caeruloplasmin and plasma copper (CP/PlCu ratio). On the basis of only plasma copper analysis 95.0 % of the cattle were classified as being of normal copper status using Veterinary Laboratory Agency reference ranges. However, when the CP/PlCu ratio was also considered only 35.6 % of the cattle would be classed as having normal copper status. Appropriate copper supplementation would be required by 30.7 % of the cattle and a further 27.8 % could also benefit from additional copper. Veterinary responses to a questionnaire (80 % returned) indicated that infertility was a major problem in their clients’ herds. Where copper supplementation was recommended and administered an increase infertility was observed. In herds showing poor or lack ofoestrous behaviour/ later embryo loss (signs of clinical copper deficiency), 91.7 % reported that these signs were reduced by copper supplementation. The relevance of the CP/PlCu ratio as a diagnostic aid in the identification of copper responsive infertility has been supported by the responses of the veterinary surgeons.

The effect of molybdenum, sulphur and iron on the copper status of store lambs

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
A.M. Mackenzie ◽  
S Evans ◽  
J.N.C. Lynn ◽  
D.V. Illingworth ◽  
R.G. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Biochemical Indicator ◽  
Copper Supplementation ◽  
The World ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Accurate Indicator

Clinical copper deficiency is the second most common mineral deficiency in the world, the main cause being high dietary levels of molybdenum, sulphur and iron. Phillippo et al, (1987) reported that clinical signs of deficiency resulted from high dietary Mo and S. However, Fe and S resulted in hypocupraemia but did not induce clinical signs of deficiency. Therefore is was concluded that clinical copper deficiency was due to a direct effect of dietary Mo and S on copper metabolism in ruminants. Mackenzie et al. (1997) reported that plasma copper levels were not an accurate indicator of copper status and unlikely to predict animals requiring copper supplementation. Caeruloplasmin is large copper enzyme and accounts for 88% of plasma copper and Mackenzie et al. (1997) proposed that a caeruloplasmin to plasma copper ratio may provide a more accurate biochemical indicator of copper status. This trial was designed to investigate the effect of dietary Mo, S and Fe on the copper status of the lambs.

Enzymic diagnosis of copper deficiency in subterranean clover. I. Relationship of ascorbate oxidase activity in leaves to plant copper status

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Loneragan ◽  
E Delhaize ◽  
J Webb
Keyword(s):  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Ascorbate Oxidase ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Relationship Of

Ascorbate oxidase activity in leaf blades of various ages was examined in relation to copper supply to subterranean clover cv. Seaton Park grown in the glasshouse on a copper-deficient sand. At each copper level, ascorbate oxidase activity per g fresh weight was highest in the youngest leaf blades and declined steeply with age; activity per leaf remained relatively constant with leaf age. On either basis, and in leaf blades of each age category, ascorbate oxidase activity followed copper level. The activity per young folded leaf (YFL) was chosen as the most suitable criterion for a diagnostic test of copper deficiency. Ascorbate oxidase activity per YFL correlated closely with the response to copper of the dry matter yield of plant tops. Activity per YFL also correlated closely with copper concentrations in the youngest open leaf (YOL). These correlations held for Seaton Park subterranean clover when nitrogen was supplied either as NH4NO3 or by symbiotic fixation. Ascorbate oxidase activity in YFL of Mt Barker subterranean clover grown at varying copper levels in the field also correlated closely with YOL copper concentrations in the same plants. Moreover, subterranean clover plants deficient in any one of six other nutrients (nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, manganese, zinc) all had ascorbate oxidase activities above the suggested critical value for adequate copper supply. It is suggested that ascorbate oxidase activity in YFL can be used as a specific and sensitive test for the copper status of subterranean clover, with activities of = 50 nmol O2/min per leaf indicating deficiency, = 100 indicating sufficiency, and 50-100 indicating a marginal copper supply.

A note on an apparent copper deficiency in cattle in central coastal New South Wales

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davies H Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Daily Gain

Hereford-type steers were grazed at 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 ha-1 on a Paspalum dilatatum dominant pasture for three years at Bringelly, New South Wales. There were large differences in mean daily liveweight gain between replicates; sometimes steers at the lowest stocking rate had a lower mean daily liveweight gain than those run at higher stocking rates. The mean plasma copper concentration varied from 0.28 to 0.41 �g ml-1 for the steers on the plots having a low liveweight gain and 0.50 to 0.87 for steers a with higher daily gain. The mean liver copper content varied from 11 to 46 mg kg-1. The copper concentration in the pasture ranged from 7 to 16 mg kg-1. The range in molybdenum concentration was from 0.08 to 0.38 mg kg-1. The plasma and liver copper data suggest that some of the poorer performance may have been due to copper deficiency in the animals but this was not caused by the low levels of copper in the pasture nor induced by high levels of molybdenum.

The effect of molybdenum, iron and sulphur supplementation on growth rate and copper status of lambs

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 140-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L. Williams ◽  
A.M. Mackenzie ◽  
D.V. Illingworth ◽  
R.G. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Copper Absorption ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Biochemical Indicator ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
And Performance

For sheep and cattle, primary copper deficiency may occur due to a lack of copper within the feed or soil, whereas secondary copper deficiency may occur in the presence of a combination of high dietary levels of molybdenum (Mo), sulphur (S) and/or iron (Fe). This is due to the anaerobic interactions within the rumen (Phillippo et al., 1987) resulting in thiomolybdate production. Recent work suggests that iron may play a significant role in copper absorption. Mackenzie et al. (1997) proposed that a caeruloplasmin to plasma copper ratio may provide a more accurate biochemical indicator of copper status than other current techniques of assessment. A low ratio may suggest that thiomolybdate is being absorbed into the blood which reduces activity of the copper enzymes. The objective of this experiment was to assess the effect of molybdenum and iron in the presence of sulphur on the copper status and performance of intensively reared lambs, and to predict the accuracy of this ratio when assessing the effects of molybdenum or iron on copper metabolism.

scholarly journals Studies on Copper Metabolisn

Blood ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1053-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. LAHEY ◽  
C. J. GUBLER ◽  
M. S. CHASE ◽  
G. E. CARTWRIGHT ◽  
M. M. WINTROBE
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Iron Binding ◽  
Porphyrin Metabolism ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Erythrocyte Catalase ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Iron Binding Capacity

Abstract 1. A total of 70 swine were fed a diet consisting only of evaporated cow’s milk. Copper and iron were added to the diet of 10 of the pigs. Iron only was added to the diet of 46 of the pigs. Copper only was added to the diet of 10 of the pigs. Four pigs received neither iron or copper. 2. The animals deficient in copper developed skeletal abnormalities, microcytic hypochromic anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, normoblastic hyperplasia of the bone marrow, hypoferremia, an increase in the iron-binding capacity of the plasma, hypocupremia and reduced erythrocyte copper as well as tissue copper. No abnormality in porphyrin metabolism was observed and tissue as well as erythrocyte catalase activity was not significantly reduced. Following the administration of copper, the blood of the animals was rapidly and completely restored to normal. 3. The animals deficient in iron developed a severe microcytic, hypochromic anemia, normoblastic hyperplasia of the bone marrow, hypoferremia and an increase in the total iron-binding capacity of the plasma. No abnormality in copper or porphyrin metabolism was observed in these animals except for a slight elevation in the plasma copper level and a marked increase in liver copper. 4. The animals deficient in both copper and iron developed all of the manifestations noted in the copper-deficient pigs. These changes occurred more rapidly and to a greater degree than in the swine with a deficiency of either element alone. 5. The morphologic and biochemical similarities between anemia due to copper deficiency and anemia due to iron deficiency suggest that in copper-deficient swine there is an abnormality in the metabolism of iron and that, furthermore, the anemia may be the consequence of this abnormality.

The copper content of the liver and blood of some vertebrates.

1956 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
AB Beck
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Current Systems ◽  
High Liver

Determinations have been made of the concentration of copper in the blood and liver from a wide range of vertebrate species. The blood copper levels show trends which do not follow the phylogenetic relationships implied in current systems of classification. The highest levels are found in the pig (1.4 mg copper/L whole blood), and the lowest in the domestic fowl and turkey (0.23 mg/L). Marsupials show low values (0.3-0.4 mg/L), whereas in most other species the values lie between 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L. It is suggested that the usual range in an individual species represents the optimum for the physiological requirements of this species. The concentration of copper in the liver of most species lies below 50 p.p.m. copper on a dry weight basis. High values are found in the ruminant, the duck, the frog, and in certain fish. From a consideration of the data presented, it seems probable that the high liver copper level characteristic of some species is due, not to a higher intake of copper or to a greater absorption, but to a lesser ability to restrict the storage of copper in the liver. Although there is no suggestion of sex difference in liver copper levels of most species, a highly significant difference (P < 0.001) has been noted in the Australian salmon (Arripis trutta Bloch & Schneider).

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