SUMMER WATER CONSUMPTION, BODY TEMPERATURE AND RESPIRATION RATE IN LAMBS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM HOHENBOKEN ◽  
THEODORE P. KISTNER
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Body Temperature Change ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Maximum Minimum

The effects of time on feed and of ambient temperature on water intake, and the effects of preconditioning and shearing treatments and of ambient temperature on body temperature and respiration rate of feedlot lambs were examined. Daily ambient temperature maximum, minimum and range averaged 27.5, 10.8 and 16.7 C, respectively, for 56 days between July and September. For the first 24 days that the lambs were on feed, water intake was not affected by ambient temperature. Intake did increase linearly with day (b = 160 ml), concurrently with increasing feed intake. During the remaining 32 days, water intake per lamb increased 139 ml per 1 C rise in average daily ambient temperature. Afternoon body temperature, morning to afternoon body temperature change, and respiration rate all increased with increasing ambient temperature. Preconditioning 1 wk before weaning (pneumonia, ovine ecthyma and enterotoxemia vaccinations and drenching for tapeworms, intestinal roundworms and coccidia) vs. conditioning the lambs with the same treatments at the time of weaning and shipment did not affect body temperature or respiration rate. Lambs sheared with a clipper attachment which left a 1-cm fleece stubble averaged 0.3 C lower in afternoon body temperature than either close-shorn or unshorn lambs.

scholarly journals Effect of ambient temperature and restricted feeding on the production of rabbit does and their kits

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Szendrő ◽  
Zoltán Papp ◽  
Károly Kustos
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Ad Libitum

Thirty-six lactating New Zealand White rabbit does were divided into 6 groups according to ambient temperature and feed intake. The does were kept at 20 °C during pregnancy and at kindling, then they were put into climatic chambers at temperatures of 5, 15, 23 or 30 °C. One part of the does were fed ad libitum (5A, 15A, 23A and 30A), two other groups were housed at 15 °C, but they received the same amount of pellet as the does' intake at 23 °C or 30 °C (15/23R and 15/30R). The litter sizes were equalized to seven. The weight of does, milk production, feed intake and water intake were recorded daily. Heat stress reduced milk yield (148, 152, 150 and 106 g/day), feed intake (287, 279, 260 and 179 g/day) and water intake (497, 512, 526 and 428 g/day), but increased the water/feed ratio (1.73, 1.84, 2.02 and 2.39) in the groups of 5A, 15A, 23A and 30A, respectively. Body weight of does decreased at 23 °C and 30 °C by 5.6% and 8.5%, respectively, compared to 15 °C. Comparing the groups of rabbits kept at 23 °C and 30 °C fed ad libitum (23A and 30A) and the data obtained for groups of 15/23R and 15/30R it was observed that the milk yield decreased by 8.0% and 2.5%, water intake increased by 8.6 and 13.3%, and the feed/water ratio was higher by 0.18 and 0.18, respectively. The effect of heat stress was less significant on kits than on does. It can be concluded that the high ambient temperature mainly affected the milk production through the reduction of feed intake.

scholarly journals PSIX-26 Effect of supplemental Arg on respiration rate and body temperature of pigs exposed to heat stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 351-351
Author(s):  
Adriana Morales Trejo ◽  
Fernanda González ◽  
Hugo Bernal ◽  
Miguel Cervantes ◽  
Caroline Gonzalez-Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Body Heat

Abstract Heat stress (HS) reduces feed intake and affects the well-being of pigs by increasing their body temperature (BT) and respiration rate (RR). Nitric oxide, an Arg metabolite, helps to dissipate body heat by stimulating blood vasodilation. Because reduced feed intake translates into decreased Arg consumption, the effect of supplementing Arg in the diet on BT and RR was analyzed using 8-ileal cannulated pigs (61.7±2.7 kg BW) exposed to HS. A thermometer set to register BT at 5-min intervals was implanted into the ileum. There were two treatments: control wheat-soybean meal plus free Lys-Thr diet (CON), and the CON diet added with 0.20% free Arg (ARG). The study was conducted in two-6 d periods; d1-d3 for diet adaptation and d4-d6 for BT data analysis. The RR (respirations per min - rpm) was measured in all pigs at 0600-h and 1600-h. Pigs were fed at 0700-h and 1900-h, 900 g/meal. Ambient temperature and relative humidity were: 28.2-to-34.6 °C, 53-to-82%, respectively. Ambient temperature and BT followed a similar pattern every day. There was no interaction in BT and RR between periods. Overall, BT of ARG pigs (40.75°C) was slightly lower (P < 0.05) than in CON pigs (40.71°C). Arg supplementation greatly reduced RR (rpm) regardless of period and day time (P < 0.05): overall (91, 73), period-1 (98, 78), period-2 (85, 68), 0600-h, (68, 52), 1600-h (115, 94), respectively. The RR at 0600-h (60) was lower than at 1400-h (109; P < 0.05) regardless of diet. The reduced RR because of Arg supplementation may be explained as an increased synthesis of nitric oxide probably resulting in both increased vasodilation and dissipation of body heat. In conclusion, although supplemental Arg caused a modest decrease in BT, the large RR reduction may indicate that Arg might help to improve the welfare of HS pigs.

scholarly journals 172 Feed intake level and ambient temperature affect the body temperature of pigs exposed to heat stress.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. 295-296
Author(s):  
A Morales Trejo ◽  
D Antoine ◽  
A Valle-Fimbres ◽  
H Bernal Barragán ◽  
L Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intake Level

Influence of Time of Day On Live Weight Measurements for Feedlot Steers

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Zinn
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Dramatic Effect ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Temperature Time

Abstract Three trials were conducted to evaluate the influence of time of day on live weight (LW) measurements of feedlot steers. Trial 1 was initiated November 30, 1988 and involved 15 crossbred steers that were housed and fed individually. Trial 2 was initiated February 28, 1989 and involved 75 crossbred steers that were housed and fed in groups of 5. Trial 3 was initiated June 13, 1989 and was otherwise similar to Trial 2. Weighing times were 0400, 0800 and 1200 with periods between weighing of 7 d. Treatments were assigned to individual steers or pen groups in a replicated 3 × 3 latin square arrangement. In Trial 1, there was a linear decrease (P < .01) in LW averaging 1 kg/h for measurements taken between 0400 and 1200. In Trial 2, both linear (P < .01) and quadratic (P < .05) responses in LW to weighing time were detected. Live weight decreased .75 kg/h between 0400 and 0800, similar to what was observed in Trial 1, but between 0800 and 1200 LW remained unchanged. In Trial 3, only a linear (P < .01) response of LW to time was detected. However, as with Trial 2, the greater rate of decrease in LW appeared to occur between 0400 and 0800 (averaging 1 kg/h). Differences between trials in pattern of water consumption were related to differences in ambient temperature. Time of day had a dramatic effect on LW of feedlot steers. Measurements of LW taken within the later morning hours are more likely to be affected by water intake than measurements taken during the earlier morning time period (0400 to 0800).

The voluntary feed intake of sheep genetically different in wool production

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Williams ◽  
HP Miller
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Rate Of Consumption ◽  
Daily Time

The voluntary feed intakes of penned rams were measured on three roughage diets containing 15, 9, and 6.5 per cent crude protein. The rams were chosen from three flocks which varied genetically in wool production at pasture. A latin square design was used to examine differences in voluntary feed intake between the diets and the flocks. Feed intake and rate of consumption increased with increasing crude protein percentage of the diet. Daily time spent eating increased from the high to the low quality diet. Within diets, time spent eating was positively associated with intake differences between rams. Feed intake and water consumption were positively associated between and within diets. There were no differences between the diets in water intake per unit feed eaten. Flocks did not differ in voluntary feed intake or in any character associated with intake.

Differential effects of hypoxia on sleep of warm- and cold-acclimated rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2189-2194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Pollard ◽  
D. Megirian ◽  
J. H. Sherrey
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
Neutral Temperature ◽  
State Changes ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Deep Body ◽  
Maximum Minimum

We studied the effect of different levels of hypoxia (10, 12 or 13, 15, and 18% O2) on the sleep-waking pattern (SWP) and the maximum-minimum core temperature of warm-acclimated (WA) and cold-acclimated (CA) rats at their neutral temperature, 29 degrees C. Whereas the SWP of WA rats showed a trend toward increasing disruption as the degree of hypoxia increased, CA rats exhibited no such trend. The effect was chiefly on the frequency of state changes and less on epoch durations. The SWP of WA rats was more vulnerable to hypoxia than that of CA rats. Maximum and minimum body temperatures of WA and CA rats were not significantly affected by O2 lack down to 10% inspired O2. We conclude that in the rat 1) hypoxia primarily affects the neural mechanism that governs the frequency of changes in sleep-waking states; 2) the extent of alterations in SWP's depends on the ambient temperature to which the rats are acclimated; and 3) hypoxia does not significantly affect deep body temperature at the animal's neutral temperature.

Peripheral body temperature and thermogenic drinking in cold-treated rats

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 965-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Nelson ◽  
M. J. Fregly ◽  
P. E. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Colonic Temperature ◽  
Peripheral Temperature

Transfer of rats abruptly from air at 5 degrees C to air at 26 degrees C was accompanied by a significant increase in water intake (thermogenic drinking) during the first hour after transfer. A possibility existed that the increased water intake observed under these conditions was attributable to the rapid change in skin temperature. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effect on thermogenic drinking of a slow, as opposed to an abrupt, change in ambient temperature. The results indicated that warming room air rates of either 0.5 or 1.0 centigrade deg/min had no effect on thermogenic drinking when compared with the water intake of rats removed abruptly from cold. Thermogenic drinking does not appear to be initiated by a specific pattern of changes in peripheral temperature relative to colonic temperature.

Estimation of thermal constants: the importance of using equilibrium temperature rather than ambient temperature demonstrated with hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae, genus Eristalis)

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (16) ◽  
pp. 2511-2517
Author(s):  
S. Bressin ◽  
P.G. Willmer
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Equilibrium Temperature ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Body Temperature Change ◽  
Thermal Constants

Water evaporation has a marked effect on the passive rates of body temperature change of eristaline hoverflies. It results in the equilibrium temperature of these flies being significantly lower than ambient temperature. Different values for the cooling and warming constants are therefore obtained depending on whether equilibrium or ambient temperature is used as the baseline. Hence, care must be taken when estimating these constants with all animals, especially those of moderate to high permeability. It is recommended that equilibrium temperature be used in such situations. Evaporative cooling is probably also responsible for cooling constants being higher than warming constants in this and other studies.

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