Szomszédsági hatások a világ kukorica piacán 1996 és 2015 között

A mezőgazdaság globalizálódása jelentősen átalakította a kukorica világkereskedelmét. Az elmúlt évtizedekben tapasztalható piaci növekedés, a szabadkereskedelmi egyezmények számának emelkedése, valamint területi koncentráció indokolttá teszi a szomszédsági hatások vizsgálatát. A szomszédsági hatások irodalma korábban szinte kizárólag az ipari és a szolgáltatási szektorra koncentrált. A tanulmány célja a térbeli függőség, mint a szomszédsági hatásokra utaló jelenség bemutatása a kukorica világpiacán 1996 és 2015 közötti időszakban. A cikk Moran-féle globális és lokális I mutató segítségével elemzi a térbeli függőséget a kukorica piacon, kitérve annak időbeli dinamikájára. Eredményeink megerősítették, hogy a kukoricapiac bővülése több térségben előidézte a térbeli függőség erősödését.

Criterias for the selection of rabbits suitable for animal-assisted work with the visually impaired (preliminary study)

Animal assisted interventions in everyday life can help reduce stress and make life of the visually impaired more complete. For this, not only dogs are available, but also other animal species. We chose the dwarf rabbit for this purpose. The dwarf rabbit is a popular pet, soft, confidential, hands-on; can be taught basic rules, and its care needs are easier to meet for a visually impaired than a dog's. The objective of our research was to develop and test a set of criteria for the selection of rabbits suitable for the visually impaired, furthermore, to determine whether a person with sight is able to select rabbits for the visually impaired, or whether there are large differences in their assessment? In the course of research, we developed a 14-point criteria that included confidential questions, pleasant experience questions and questions about the stress of rabbits. The scoring scale ranged from 1 to 5, with the highest point marking the most suitable rabbit. The rabbits in the study were of 6 to 12 months of age, tamed for four generations, of different sizes, hair lengths and colours. The study included 12 special education undergraduate students and one person with visual impairment. The participants worked in pairs, first blindfolded and then with sight of the rabbits. The rabbits were assigned in random order, so students didn't know what number of point the rabbits had previously received. The eye-binding of the students did not affect the scoring, but the visually impaired subject gave the rabbits an average of 0.1 points higher. Because the scores for each student were high, we did not get a significant result. We looked at who at what chance could have given each points. It turned out that the visually impaired gave 5 points - 10% of the time more often - and gave 3 points - 3% - than the undergrad students. We looked at which of the 14 aspects had greater differences in their perception: there were differences, but they were not significant. Comparing the rabbits, we received a significant difference, based on which this criteria system may be useable for the selection of rabbits suitable for visually impaired, as significant differences were discovered between rabbits. People with sight can also use the test, but they slightly more rigorously. It is recommended to conduct further studies involving several visually impaired people.

Szopósnyulak táplálása és táplálóanyag-ellátottsága a korai életszakaszban

Általánosságban megállapított tény, hogy az anyanyulak cirkadián ritmus szerint, naponta egyszer szoptatják fiókáikat. A szoptatási idő mindössze 3-4 perc, ezalatt veszik fel a fiókák a napi táplálóanyag-szükségletüknek megfelelő mennyiségű anyatejet, ami a testtömegük 1/6-át is kiteheti. A fogyasztott tej mennyisége, a fiókák súlygyarapodása és életbenmaradása az anyanyulak tejtermelésén és szoptatási hajlandóságán múlik. Egy anyanyúl optimális körülmények között sem képes a fiókái növekedési potenciálját kihasználni. Tanulmányunk célja a szopóskori táplálóanyag-ellátottság valamint bizonyos nevelési rendszerek vizsgálata. Összefoglalja a két anyával történő nevelési technológia elveit, valamint élettani hatásait. Végül a fiókák tekintetében kihangsúlyozza az anyanyúl által a fészekbe ürített bélsárgolyó fogyasztásának jelentőségét.

A mikrobiom globális szerepe a „One Health” megközelítésmód szerint

All-pervasive role and significance of microbiome is becoming more and more acknowledged thanks to the intense multidisciplinary research done in the last decades. Its global function and significance is on the rise, and the future fate of the biosphere is unequivocal and beyond dispute. Uncertainties and varied usage of synonyms justifies to define once again notions like microbiome, pro- and prebiotics and clarify their relations. Knowledge about microbes important for our health is expanding rapidly. Extensive research on pre- and probiotics leads to their rapid production and broadscale application in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. Human, animal and environmental microbiome are results of co-evolution so adopting the holistic approach suggested by the One Health fighting zoonoses can be even more effective as well as global food production more environmental-friendly and sustainable.

Effect of feed restriction on fatty acid profile, body composition and selected blood parameters of intensive reared pike (Esox lucius)

This study investigated the effects of a six-week starvation period on the fatty acid profile, body composition and blood parameters of intensively reared pike (Esox lucius). 150 pike were stocked in an experimental recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and feed was completely withdrawn. Body composition, fatty acid composition and blood parameters (serum protein, albumin, triacylglycerol, cholesterol concentration and Lactate dehidrigenase and alkaline phosphatase activity) were measured and somatic indices were calculated. A significant decline in bodyweight, crude fat content and somatic indices was accompanied by a significant decrease of blood triacylglycerol content. The relative proportion of saturated fatty acids in the fillet decreased, while polyunsaturated fatty acids increased. There was also a significant increase in the average chain length and unsaturation index of fatty acids found in the fillet flesh.

Visegrádi Négyek környezetgazdálkodásának és fenntartható mezőgazdaságának elemzése

Tanulmányunkban az Európai Unió környezetpolitikáján belül a Visegrádi Négyek Nemzeti Energia-és Klíma Terveinek (NECP) 2021-2030 közötti időszakra vonatkozó vállalásait elemezzük, különös tekintettel a Land Use, LandUse Change and Forestry (LULUCF) szektorra. A vizsgálataink alapján elmondható, hogy az uniós célok eléréséhez az országok hozzájárulási hajlandósága alacsony vagy szerény ambícióval rendelkezik. A NECP keretében a Visegrádi Négyek LULUCF-fal kapcsolatos megvalósítási terveik között jelentős különbségek jelennek meg. Az erdőgazdálkodással kapcsolatosan Csehországban az elkövetkező években az új erdők telepítésén lesz a hangsúly, míg Magyarország esetében inkább a nagyobb mennyiségű fakitermelés lesz a jellemző. Emellett Szlovákia kiemelkedő mennyiségű erdő általi szénmegkötési tervezetet mutatott be. Míg Lengyelország esetében kötelező szénmegkötési mértékről rendelkeztek az erdőgazdálkodási tervben. (NECP, LULUCF, környezetpolitika, emisszió-kereskedelmi rendszer (ETS))

Rabies control in wildlife: the golden jackal (Canis aureus) requests for attention – a case study

In Hungary, the rabies control programme with oral bait immunisation of wild carnivores dates back to 1992. Since than, the rules of vaccine placement on bait density has not changed, in spite of drastic expansion of both the carnivore community and the wild boar population in Europe. Though, all these elements of the concerned ecosystem compete for the baits. This case study was based on the accidental finding of vaccine blisters in jackal stomachs during a large-scale investigation on jackals’ feeding ecology. The results showed 3.17% (0.57-10.87%) frequency of bait occurrence in jackal specimens harvested during the vaccination term. This finding contradicted previous reports on high bait uptake rate and rabies seroconversion in golden jackals. These results called the attention the need for paradigm shift in management of diseases maintained in a natural reservoir. In the authors’ opinion, for reassuring result, multidisciplinary research groups should re-evaluate disease control strategies time and again.

Effect of chemical treatments used for dormancy breaking on the number of stems and tubers of Hungarian potato varieties

The length of tuber dormancy of potato varieties is an important factor in the profitability of the potato sector. Under temperate climatic conditions longer dormancy is more advantageous. However, in case of multiple planting within one growing season, in seed multiplication programs or during rapid post-harvest disease testing, breaking or shortening of dormancy is often needed. Numerous ways for chemical regulation of dormancy period were developed, but the efficiency of such methods is strongly genotype dependent. Recently a comparative study of chemical treatments for breaking tuber dormancy of some new Hungarian potato varieties was carried out. Continuing this work, here we report about the effects of chemical treatments used for breaking dormancy on the number of stems and tubers of progeny plants. The experiment was conducted in three consecutive vegetation period, with three varieties having different maturity type and different dormancy period: Balatoni rózsa, Botond and Démon. Treatments were performed using gibberellic-acid, benzyl-adenine and Rindite in different concentrations and combinations. After the dormancy period, tubers were planted into pots and grown under controlled conditions. Number of developed stems and tubers was counted. According to the results, applied treatments had a large effect on the number of developing stems and tubers of the progeny plants. Combined treatments of Rindite+gibberellic-acid, and gibberellic-acid at 100 ppm increased significantly the number of stems and tubers. Correlation between the efficiency of dormancy breaking and the number of developed tubers was found. Based on our data, Rindite and gibberellic-acid have an important role not only in breaking dormancy, but also in increasing the tuber number/plant. This positive effect could be utilized in seed potato production.

One Health approach to companion carnivores with special regard to raw-feeding

Keeping and feeding of companion carnivores (dogs and cats) appear to be a simple activity for a shallow observer. By a multidimensional approach, all three domains of health can be analysed in the course of pet-feeding. The interest of animal health requires healthy, nutritious, and non-infectious pet food. At the same time, public health necessitates safety for pet owners and their families. By going much deeper, the environmental impacts of pets and pet foods can be identified. This review gathers the animal and human health and environmental aspects of domestic carnivore feeding. Based on the literature, it can be claimed that for the present, few data are available to determine the right way of feeding to reach the balance between all three domains of health.

Literature review of genes responsible for intramusculat fat content and its methodology in swine

The organoleptic value of pork, e.g. its taste and tenderness, as well as overall acceptability is positively influenced by fat content, including both inter- and intramuscular fat (IMF) content up to a certain threshold. Recently, a number of research dealt with studying the genetic background of IMF incorporation. Many genes have been identified that are involved in fat metabolism and in development of marbling in muscle tissue. The aim of this work is to review the current literaure written about the most important genes and gene families that play role in IMF metabolism. The most studied genes are FABP3 and FABP4, which are part of the FABP family. They have a key role in the transport and intermediate metabolism of lipids. Number of studies have recently been published discussing the role of SCD (stearoyl-CoA desaturase) encoding gene in IMF content. Since multiple genes have been already identified playing a key role in fat metabolism and in fat deposition in muscle tissue, its gene expression studies are crucial in genetic programmes as well as in nutrigenomical research.