SEVERE FEED RESTRICTION OF THE SOW DURING LATE PREGNANCY

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. ELLIOT ◽  
G. A. LODGE
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Short Term

Thirty-two Yorkshire sows were given either 0.45 or 2.27 kg feed/day from day 100 of gestation to farrowing to determine whether short-term restriction of feed intake during late gestation affected either the reproduction or lactation performance of the sows. Level of feeding from day 100 of gestation significantly affected prefarrowing weight change (P <.01) and the net weight change from day 100 to immediately postfarrowing (P <.01). An inverse relationship in the pattern of prefarrowing and lactation weight changes was observed. Restriction of prefarrowing feed intake did not significantly affect litter size, birth weight or weaning weight of the piglets. However, reduced intake prefarrowing was counterbalanced by increased intake postfarrowing with no overall saving in feed.

scholarly journals 27 Defining a robust sow: swine nutrition perspective on reproduction and lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 13-13
Author(s):  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Embryo Survival

Abstract Improvements in modern sow prolificacy have markedly increased the number of pigs weaned, thus the ability of sows to provide nutrients to support fetal growth and milk production has been enhanced. The goals of the gestation nutrition program consist of meeting the nutrient requirements for maintenance and growth and for adequate conceptus development, while managing body condition. Early gestation represents the best opportunity for replenishing body reserves, whereas in late gestation, both estimated protein deposition and energy requirement are exponentially increased and directed towards fetal growth and mammary development. Increased feed intake after breeding has been presumed to be detrimental to embryo survival; however, data with modern line sows demonstrates to feed thin sows to recover body condition as quickly as possible while avoiding feed deprivation immediately after breeding. Importance of body condition scoring remains unchanged: feed thin sows to bring back to adequate body condition and prevent over-conditioned sows at farrowing. A recent meta-analysis showed increasing late gestation feed intake seems to modestly improve piglet birth weight by 28 g per piglet in gilts and sows. Also, recent findings in gestating sows suggest modern genotypes have improved feed efficiency and propensity for growth. Therefore, increasing energy intake during late gestation has a modest effect on piglet birth weight and a negative effect on stillborn rate. Historically, lactation catabolism impacted subsequent reproductive performance of sows, particularly in first-parity. However, contemporary sows appear to be increasingly resistant to the negative effects of lactational catabolism. Even so, continued emphasis on maximizing lactation feed intake is critical to support milk production and prevent excessive lean tissue mobilization. Research data suggests that ad libitum feeding and offering lactation diets during the wean-to-estrus interval is not needed. Modern genetic sow lines appear to be more robust from a nutritional perspective than in the past.

scholarly journals Impact of diet deprivation and subsequent overallowance during gestation on lactation performance of primiparous sows1

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Farmer ◽  
Kevin Herkelman ◽  
Brad James ◽  
Pierre Lessard ◽  
Arnaud Samson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of diet deprivation followed by overallowance during gestation on metabolic status of pregnant gilts and their lactation performance was determined. Gilts were fed a standard diet until day 27 of gestation and were subsequently reared under a control (CTL; n = 28) or an experimental (treatment, TRT; n = 26) dietary regimen. The experimental regimen provided 70% (restriction diet, RES) and 115% (overallowance diet, OVER) of the protein and NE contents provided by the CTL diet. The RES diet was given from days 28 to 74 of gestation followed by the OVER diet from day 75 until farrowing. Blood samples were obtained from all gilts on days 28, 75, and 110 of gestation, and on days 3 and 20 of lactation to measure concentrations of IGF-1, urea, FFA, and glucose. Milk samples were collected from 12 sows per treatment on day 19 of lactation and sow feed intake was recorded daily throughout lactation. Piglets were weighed at 24 h (after standardization of litter size), and on days 7, 14, and 21 (weaning). The TRT gilts gained less BW than CTL gilts (17.3 vs. 31.7 kg; P &lt; 0.01) from days 28 to 75 of gestation and more BW (29.5 vs. 21.9 kg; P &lt; 0.01) from days 75 to 110, but their overall gain from mating to day 110 was lower (61.4 vs. 67.2 kg; P &lt; 0.05). Metabolic status during gestation was affected, with TRT gilts having less IGF-1 and urea, and more FFA than CTL gilts on day 75 (P &lt; 0.01), and more urea on day 110 (P &lt; 0.01). Growth rate of suckling piglets, sow lactation feed intake, and standard milk composition in late lactation (DM, fat, protein, lactose) were not affected by treatment (P &gt; 0.10). In conclusion, diet deprivation of gilts as of day 28 of gestation followed by overfeeding from day 75 of gestation until farrowing did not improve lactation performance. It is likely that the compensatory growth that took place in late gestation was not adequate to illicit beneficial effects.

scholarly journals Short-term weight changes in community-dwelling older adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Weight Change Substudy

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Sun Lee ◽  
Stephen B Kritchevsky ◽  
Tamara B Harris ◽  
Frances Tylavsky ◽  
Susan M Rubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

scholarly journals PSXI-5 Effect of increasing feed intake during late gestation on piglet birth weight and weaning weight of low backfat thickness sows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 387-388
Author(s):  
Yuanfei Zhou ◽  
Zuhong Liu ◽  
Jian Peng
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Large White ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
High Feed

Abstract This study investigated the effect of feed intake during late gestation on piglet birth weight and weaning weight of sows with the low backfat thickness (BF) at gestation 90 d. A total of 397 crossbred Landrance × Large White sows according to feed intakes were randomly allotted to three groups 2.8 kg/d (the energy requirement for sow maintenance), 3.6 kg/d and 4.0 kg/d from day 90 to day 110 of gestation. Sows were weighed and measured BF at 90 d and at 110 d of gestation and at weaning. Piglet performance at parturition and at weaning and wean-to-estrus of sows were recorded. Although sows had a tendency to increase BF at gestation 110 d (P = 0.09) and had more BF gain during late gestation with higher feed intake (P &lt; 0.01), there was no evidence for differences in piglet birth weight, within-litter birth weight variation and weak piglet rate, and the number of total born, born alive and stillborn. During lactation, sows fed with high feed intake in late gestation increased body weight loss (P &lt; 0.01). And no differences were observed in piglet performance at weaning and wean-to-estrus interval of sows. In conclusion, during late gestation, sows fed with feed intake more than energy requirement for maintenance had no effect on piglet birth weight or weaning weight.

The Weight Change of Various Light-Cured Restorative Materials Stored in Water

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Yalcin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Change ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Composite Cement ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract This study investigated weight changes of seven different light-cured composite restorative materials, one polyacid glass ionomer compomer, and one light-cured glass-ionomer cement following short-term and long-term storage in water. Two packable composites, three universal (hybrid) composites, one microglass composite, one polyacid glass ionomer resin composite (compomer), one microhybrid low-viscosity (flowable) composite, and one light cured glass ionomer composite cement were evaluated in this study. The weight changes of these specimens were measured daily (short-term storage), and they were measured after six weeks (long-term storage) using an electronic analytical balance. A significant difference was found in Ionoliner, Dyract AP, Opticor flow, Charisma, and Solitare 2, but no significant difference was found in the others (Filtek Z 250, Filtek P60, TPH Spectrum, and Valux Plus). Weight change showed a tendency to increase with the time of water storage. The greatest weight change occurred in light-cured glass ionomer composite cement (Ionoliner), which is followed in order by the weight changes in Dyract AP, Opticor Flow, Charisma, Solitare 2, Filtek Z250, Filtek P60, TPH Spectrum; Valux Plus had the least amount of change. Citation Keyf F, Yalcin F. The Weight Change of Various Light-Cured Restorative Materials Stored in Water. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 May;(6)2:072-079.

scholarly journals Short-term weight changes in community-dwelling older adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Weight Change Substudy

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-650
Author(s):  
Jung Sun Lee ◽  
Stephen B Kritchevsky ◽  
Tamara B Harris ◽  
Frances Tylavsky ◽  
Susan M Rubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

The effects of offering a concentrate or grass silage based diet to twin-bearing ewes in late pregnancy on ewe and lamb performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
T.M. Boland ◽  
L. Hayes ◽  
J.J. Murphy ◽  
J.J. Callan ◽  
T.F. Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Dietary Requirements ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Single Farm Payment

Approximately 75% of ewes are housed in Ireland for some portion of the winter, normally the late gestation period. This coincides with a large increase in dietary requirements, with 80% of lamb birth weight laid down in the final two months of gestation (Robinson, 1990) and also udder development during this period. Traditionally, these nutritional requirements were met by feeding grass silage ad libitum and supplementing with concentrates on a stepped rate with advancing pregnancy. With the introduction of the decoupled single farm payment and an ever-decreasing labour supply, sheep producers are looking for financially attractive, low labour alternatives and a concentrate based diet may be one such alternative. The objectives of this experiment were to compare an all concentrate diet supplemented with different fibre sources with the standard silage based diet supplemented with concentrates on feed intake, ewe performance and lamb growth to weaning.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding rice gruel based milk replacer on growth, carcass characteristics and rumen development of goat kids

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
MA Islam ◽  
MB Sarker ◽  
A Khatun ◽  
MR Amin ◽  
M Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Rumen Development ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Supplementation of concentrate feed during late pregnancy of doe is an approach to improve milk yield and kid performance after kidding. The experiment was conducted to find out appropriate level and duration of supplementation to the pregnant doe. The data of the experiment were analyzed applying Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial arrangements with three replications. First factor used in the experiment was the duration of concentrate feeding (15 days, 30 days, 45 days and 60 days) and second was amount of concentrate supplemented (2.00%, 1.75%, 1.50% and 1.25% of their body weight). Birth weight, weaning weight, milk yield and kid mortality in different groups were recorded. Birth weight and weaning weight were found higher in 60 days supplemented group i.e. 2.3±0.23 kg and 10.94±0.41 kg, respectively. Both birth weight and weaning weight were also found higher with 2 percent concentrate feeding group than others i.e. 2.1±0.23 kg and 9.64±0.42 kg, respectively. Milk yield recorded for fourth week shows that higher milk yields were found in 2 percent concentrate supplemented group with 60 days time period. The result showed that by increasing the level of concentrate during late gestation period of does increased the birth weight, weaning weight of kids and increased milk yield of does. So the higher level of concentrate supplementation is required during 45 to 60 days of late gestation in does. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (1): 57-66

The effect of feeding in early lactation on feed intake, yields of milk, fat and protein and on live-weight change over one lactation cycle in dairy cows

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Lactation Cycle

SummaryAn experiment has been made to study the effect of level of feeding in early lactation on the feed intake, yields of milk, fat and protein and on live-weight change over one lactation cycle. Adult British Friesian cows of high potential yield were randomly allocated to high (HP) or moderate (MP) levels of feeding for 20 weeks. They were then randomly allocated within treatments to controlled or ad libitum levels of feeding for the rest of the lactation.There were significant effects of feeding in the early part of lactation on the yields of milk, protein and lactose but not on milk fat or live-weight change. Cows on the MP treatment produced about 450 kg milk from body energy reserves but were unable to supplement fully the dietary energy deficiency. There was no significant response to feeding ad libitum in the second part of lactation and the differences in yields established in the first part were maintained in the second. There was no relationship between feed intake and milk yield for cows fed ad libitum nor did the level of feeding in early lactation influence the level of intake in the later part.There was little agreement between calculated energy balance and the live-weight changes but there was more between live-weight change and condition score.

Maternal-foetal adaptation to mid pregnancy feed restriction in single-bearing ewes

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
VH Oddy ◽  
PJ Holst
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Plasma Effects ◽  
Restricted Group

In two experiments, restriction of feed to levels below maintenance for periods of up to 4 weeks was imposed on groups of ewes bearing single foetuses at 79, 87 or 95 days post coitus. In the first experiment, carried out at pasture, measurements were made of concentration of ovine placental lactogen (oPL) and progesterone in ewe plasma. Effects on lamb birth weight and gestation length were also examined. The second experiment investigated the effect of maternal feed restriction of (i) feed intake, (ii) maternal oPL, (iii) maternal plasma glucose concentration, (iv) lamb birth weight and (v) gestation length. In the first experiment, there were no significant effects of feed restriction on lamb birth weight or gestation length, although foetal growth rate had been reduced in some treatment groups. There were significant interactions between time of sampling and treatment for oPL and progesterone concentration. Control group ewes had lower oPL (P< 0.001) and progesterone (P < 0.05) concentrations than restricted ewes at the end of feed restriction, but higher oPL (P < 0.001) and progesterone (P <0.05) concentrations at 144 days post coitus. In the second experiment, lamb birth weight and gestation length were not significantly affected by maternal feed restriction (birth weight: restricted 4.94 kg, control 4.87 kg av. s.e.m. 0.17 kg; gestation length: restricted 148.3 days, control 147.0 days, av. s.e.m. 0.76 days). Feed restriction was associated with increased (P < 0.05) oPL and decreased glucose (P < 0.05) concentration in plasma. Maternal feed intake was significantly higher (P <0.05) in the restricted group in the week preceding lambing. These results strongly suggest that continuation of maternal feed intake over the last week of pregnancy is the major contributor to maintenance of 'normal' lamb birth weight in previously feed restricted ewes.

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