THE FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS COMPOSITION OF YOUNG AND MATURE CULL HOLSTEIN COWS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
G. K. MACLEOD
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Daily Gain

Twelve young and twelve mature lean Holstein cows were fed a high energy diet to appetite based on high moisture corn and haylage. In addition to the cows put on feed, six young and six mature cows were slaughtered at the start of the trial to estimate initial body composition. After 68 days on feed, two young cows and two mature cows were slaughtered on a weekly basis until the conclusion of the trial. Mature cows were initially 45 kg (P < 0.5) heavier than young cows and this difference had increased to 57 kg at the conclusion of the trial. There were no significant differences between young and mature cows in average daily gain (1.37 vs. 1.48 kg/day) or dry matter feed conversion rate (8.46 vs. 8.31 kg DM/kg gain). Average daily dry matter intake was higher (P < 0.05) for mature cows than young cows. There was no decline in average daily gain during the feeding period, although dry matter feed conversion increased for both young and mature cows. There were few differences between young and mature cows slaughtered initially and those slaughtered after the feeding period in carcass composition, and the carcass characteristics that were measured. Young cows, however, had significantly (P < 0.5) higher carcass grades after a feeding period. The feeding period resulted in a decreased proportion of lean and bone and an increased proportion of fat in all the major fat depots (subcutaneous, intermuscular, body cavity fat).

THE EFFECTS OF SHEARING AND RALGRO IMPLANTS ON FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE OF LAMBS DURING THE SUMMER

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. LANE ◽  
R. A. KEMP
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Daily Gain

To evaluate the effects of shearing and Ralgro® implants on the performance of fast-gaining feedlot lambs during the summer, 84 group-fed crossbred wether lambs (34.8 ± 1.8 kg) were shorn on day 0 of the feeding period (ES), shorn 3 wk later (LS), or left unshorn (NS), and either implanted with 12 mg Ralgro on day 0 (R) or not implanted (C). Lambs were blocked by initial weight. Heavy and light pens of lambs were shipped to market when the average weight within a pen was 52 kg after 40 and 55 d, respectively. Between days 0 and 40, mean average daily gain (ADG) of all lambs was 384 g and feed conversion was 4.38 kg dry matter kg−1 gain. During the first 40 d of the feeding period, shearing did not affect ADG (P > 0.05), but ES lambs had higher feed intake and poorer feed conversion than NS lambs (P < 0.05). Performance of the LS lambs was similar to the NS lambs prior to shearing, and similar to the ES lambs after shearing. A delay period between implantation and growth response was observed. Ralgro did not affect ADG between days 0 and 21 (P > 0.05) but improved ADG by 14.2% between days 21 and 40 (P < 0.01), giving an overall growth improvement of 6.5% between days 0 and 40 (P < 0.06). Ralgro had no effect on ADG after day 40. There were no interactions between the effects of shearing and Ralgro implantation on ADG (P > 0.05). Key words: Lambs, shearing, Ralgro, feedlot, summer

scholarly journals Productive performance of finishing lambs fed with faveleira fodder salt (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
João Vinícius Barbosa Roberto ◽  
Bonifácio Benicio de Souza ◽  
Gabriel Jorge Carneiro de Oliveira  ◽  
Jaime Miguel de Araujo Filho ◽  
Thaiz Lamy Alves Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

This study evaluated food intake and productive performance of crossbred (½ Santa Inês x ½ dorper) lambs supplemented with different levels of faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl) fodder salt. Thirty male sheep fed tifton grass hay, water, and faveleira fodder salt were randomly allocated into five treatments with six replicates each. The treatments consisted of diets with different inclusion levels of faveleira hay in the fodder salt composition: Treatment 1 (1% mineral salt + 99% faveleira hay), Treatment 2 (3% mineral salt + 97% faveleira hay), Treatment 3 (5% mineral salt + 95% faveleira hay), Treatment 4 (7% mineral salt + 93% faveleira hay), and Treatment 5 (Control - 100% mineral salt). Intake of dry matter, tifton hay and water, average daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency were not affected by fodder salt supplementation (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in fodder salt intake between Treatments 4 and 5, and daily intake was higher in animals submitted to Treatment 4 (61.0 g day-1). Mineral salt intake increased significantly with increasing mineral salt levels in the diet. However, no significant difference was observed in average daily gain across treatments, indicating that faveleira hay, even in small quantities, and tifton hay were able to meet the nutritional requirements of animals to support a good average daily gain. The inclusion of up to 99% faveleira hay in fodder salt formulations did not affect voluntary intake of forage, water and dry matter, average daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency. Lambs supplemented with faveleira fodder salt had average daily gains within the optimal range for slaughter and high feed conversion and feed efficiency values. Faveleira was shown to be an effective supplementary feed alternative in sheep.

INFLUENCE OF HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY ON THE PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF FEEDLOT CATTLE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. KENNELLY ◽  
G. W. MATHISON ◽  
G. de BOER
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Daily Gain

Three factorial experiments were conducted to determine the relative feeding value of dry barley (DB) and high-moisture barley (HMB), and to evaluate the influence of method of ensiling (Pit vs. Harvestore® (HAV) silo), source of roughage (hay vs. silage), and level of concentrate (90 vs. 75%) on the performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. In exp. 1, 252 steers (initial wt 357 kg) were assigned on the basis of weight to six treatments (two pens × 21 animals per pen). A mixed diet consisting of 85.2% barley grain (dry matter (DM) basis) was offered free choice. The barley portion of the ration consisted of either 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% DB with the balance being HMB from a pit silo. The sixth treatment consisted of feeding 100% HMB for the first 57 d and 100% DB for the remainder of the trial. Overall average daily gain (ADG) for steers fed 100% DB (1.70 kg d−1) was significantly higher than observed for animals fed 100, 75 or 50% HMB (1.46, 1.49 and 1.56 kg d−1, respectively). The kg of feed DM required per kg gain (FC) varied between 5.76 and 7.13 and was not (P > 0.05) influenced by treatment. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed in carcass characteristics. In exp. 2, 360 steers (initial wt 340 kg) were allotted on the basis of weight to six treatments designed to evaluate the effect of source (Pit vs. HAV) and level of HMB, in diets containing 10.2% silage, on animal performance. Overall ADG (1.11 – 1.17 kg d−1), FC (6.66 – 7.01) and carcass characteristics were similar (P > 0.05) for animals fed Pit HMB, HAV HMB and DB. In exp. 3, 264 weanling calves (initial wt 216 kg) were allotted on the basis of weight to six treatments which differed in type of barley (HMB vs. DB), source of roughage (hay vs. silage) and level of concentrate (75 vs. 90%; DM basis). The feeding period was 127 d. Daily gains varied between 0.78 and 0.91 kg d−1 and FC ranged from 6.40 to 7.10 and were not influenced (P > 0.05) by source of barley or source or level of roughage. While animals fed DB had significantly higher ADG than those fed HMB in exp. 1, the overall results from the three experiments indicate that on a DM basis HMB has similar feeding value to DB, and that there is no major difference between Pit and HAV-stored HMB for feedlot cattle. Key words: High moisture, barley, cattle, gain, feed conversion

PROGENY TEST OF FINNISH AND CANADIAN AYRSHIRE BULLS FOR VEAL AND BEEF PRODUCTION

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
B. W. KENNEDY ◽  
G. M. JONES ◽  
R. L. CHICOINE ◽  
C. G. HICKMAN ◽  
E. B. BURNSIDE
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Veal Calf ◽  
Unbiased Estimates ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Daily Gain

An experiment was conducted to obtain progeny test comparisons of Finnish and Canadian Ayrshire bulls for veal and beef production. A total of 83 male calves from four Canadian and four Finnish sires was tested. Best linear unbiased estimates of differences between veal calf progeny of Finnish and Canadian bulls for time on test, average daily gain and feed conversion were 4.00 ± 5.63 days, −.044 ±.038 kg/day and.062 ±.067 kg dry matter intake/kg gain, respectively. For veal carcass traits, progeny differences between Finnish and Canadian bulls for dressing percent and carcass grade, quality, finish and color scores (scores ranged from 1 to 3, except for color score which ranged from 1 to 2, with high score desirable) were.25 ± 1.13%, −.085 ±.232,.146 ±.303,.122 ±.302 and.104 ±.192, respectively. When raised for beef, differences between Finnish and Canadian sired steers were.015 ±.019 kg/day for feedlot average daily gain and.21 ±.66% for dressing percent. None of these differences were significant (P >.05). Based on these results, the importation of Finnish semen would not be expected to materially change the veal and beef performance of Ayrshires in Canada.

scholarly journals Effect of including canola meal in diets of slaughter ostriches (Struthio camelus var. domesticus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-551
Author(s):  
T.S. Brand ◽  
J. Van der Merwe ◽  
L.C. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Gain

Canola meal (CM) is a locally produced protein source that may be less expensive than soybean meal (SBM). This study evaluated the effects of replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% SBM with CM in diets for slaughter ostriches. The CM was added at the expense of SBM and other concentrates, with minor changes in other ingredients. Birds (n = 15 per treatment) were reared from 77 to 337 days old on the trial diets, which were supplied ad libitum for starter, grower, and finisher phases. Bodyweights and feed intake were measured during these phases. No differences (P >0.05) were found between treatments for live weight at the end of each phase, dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) over all the growth phases. Although no differences were observed in live weight at the end of each phase, the birds reared on the diet with 50% CM were heaviest at slaughter, and birds reared with 100% CM were lightest (P <0.05). Differences (P <0.05) between diets were observed for the weight at slaughter, weights of the liver and thyroid glands and the pH of the cold carcass. However, no differences (P >0.05) were observed between diets for fat pad weight, dressing percentage, and weights of thighs and Muscularis gastrocnemius. The results indicate that CM could replace SBM in the diets of slaughter ostriches without affecting production traits and slaughter yields.Keywords: alternative protein, average daily gain, canola, dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, growth, ostrich nutrition, production

scholarly journals PENGARUH PROTEKSI CPO DENGAN FORMALDEHID TERHADAP KECERNAAN DAN PERFORMA DOMBA EKOR TIPIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafly Comilo Tiven ◽  
Lies Mira Yusiati ◽  
Rusman (Rusman) ◽  
Umar Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Basal Ration

<p>The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of CPO protected with formaldehyde on digestibility and performance of thin tail sheeps. Fifteen local male lambs aged 9-12 months, were divided into 3 groups of ration treatment. The first group received only the basal ration (R0), the second group received the basal ration and 3% CPO (R1), while the third group received the basal ration and 3% CPO protected with 2% formaldehyde (R2). The data were analyzed by Completely Randomized Design with oneway pattern. The different of treatments were tested by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. The results showed that addition CPO protected with formaldehid (R2) in the sheeps diet did not affect dry matter and organic matter intake, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, average daily gain (ADG), but significantly (P&lt;0.01) increase feed conversion rate. It can be concluded that CPO protected with formaldehyde gives more advantage on feed conversion aspect.</p><p>(Key words: Thin tail sheeps, Crude palm oil (CPO) protected with formaldehyde, Digestibility, Performance)</p>

scholarly journals Effect of whole oilseeds feeding on performance and nutritive values of diets of young growing saanen goats

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Adriana Grande ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
Luciano Soares de Lima ◽  
Maximiliane Alavarse Zambom ◽  
Francisco de Assis Fonseca de Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Saanen Goat ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Daily Gain

Twenty-eight Saanen goat kids (16 non-castrated males and 12 females; 14.38±1.60 kg) were used to evaluate the performance and nutritional value of diets. Animals were randomly allotted into a 4x2 (diets x gender) factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of four different total mixed diets composed of oat hay, soybean meal, mineral supplement, and/or oilseeds replacing ground corn (on dry matter basis), as follows: 1) control (without oilseeds), 2) diet containing 7.9% flaxseed, 3) diet with 7.3% sunflower, and 4) diet containing 8.0% canola. Dry matter intake was higher for animals receiving control diet. Gender did not influence dry matter and nutrient intake. Oilseeds did not affect the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion (FC). Flaxseed diet showed more days in feedlot. Males showed better means of ADG, FC and days in feedlot. Diets containing oilseeds had higher values for ether extract digestibility and lower total carbohydrates than the control diet. The energetic value of diets did not alter. The inclusion of flaxseed, sunflower or canola in diets of Saanen goat kids in place (8% on a DM basis) corn, does not improve the performance, however these oilseeds may be used without changing the nutritional value of diets.

scholarly journals Effects of diet, breed and slaughter endpoint on growth performance, carcass composition and beef quality traits in Limousin and Charolais steers

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. Mandell ◽  
E. A. Gullett ◽  
J. W. Wilton ◽  
O. B. Allen ◽  
V. R. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Taste Panel ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Daily Gain

Ninety-six Charolais and Limousin steers were used to evaluate 75% grain (whole barley or corn) diets and two slaughter endpoints (7 mm backfat or 568 kg liveweight) in an experiment designed to constrain carcass weights to under approximately 341 kg yet produce optimal beef quality. Each breed was represented by eight progeny from each of six sires. The trial was terminated after 281 d feeding regardless of individual steers attaining designated slaughter endpoints. Limited availability of dietary energy in whole-barley diets resulted in decreased (P < 0.01) average daily gain and increased (P < 0.01) dry matter intake, feed/gain and days on feed for barley- vs. corn-fed cattle. Charolais outgained (P < 0.05) Limousin but dry matter intake was similar on a g BW00.75 basis. Feeding to 568 kg liveweight was associated with high (P < 0.10) ADG and decreased (P < 0.05) feed/gain compared with feeding to 7 mm. Corn feeding increased (P < 0.001) carcass weights, fat deposition and longissimus muscle area. Lean deposition was greater (P < 0.01) in Limousin than Charolais. Taste panel assessment of tenderness, flavour and juiciness in longissimus muscle was generally not affected (P > 0.10) by diet, breed or slaughter endpoint. Twelve primal ribs from each of Agriculture Canada's marbling classifications (A, AA, AAA) were purchased and processed identically to ribs from the test cattle. Shear and tenderness scores were similar (P > 0.10) across test cattle and purchased ribs, despite intramuscular fat contents of 20.2, 27.1, 35.6 and 49.7 g kg−1 respectively, for test cattle and trace, slight and small marbled ribs. Slight and small marbled ribs did have higher (P < 0.05) taste panel scores for initial juiciness and flavour than ribs from the test cattle. While 26% of carcasses from test cattle graded Canada B1 due to either inadequate finish or marbling, similar tenderness and shear scores were probably due to age of test cattle at slaughter which averaged 481 ± 45 d plus the fact that all roasts were aged 7 d prior to freezing. Key words: Charolais, Limousin, marbling, fatness, palatability, carcass weight, beef cattle, tenderness

Crude protein requirements of large frame cattle fed two levels of energy as weaned calves or as backgrounded yearlings

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. McKinnon ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
S. D. M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Daily Gain

Two trials were conducted to determine the crude protein (CP) requirements of large-frame (LF) cattle managed under two regimes and fed one of two energy levels. Trial 1 involved 216 recently weaned LF calves, while trial 2 involved 192 LF backgrounded yearling steers. In each trial, the cattle were fed diets formulated to one of two energy levels (11.17 and 11.88 MJ ME kg−1 DM) and one of six CP levels (11, 13, 15, 16, 17 and 19% DM basis). High-energy feeding increased (P < 0.05), average daily gain (ADG), average daily carcass gain (ADCG) and average daily fat gain (ADFG) of weaned calves but did not influence the performance of the backgrounded yearlings. Weaned calves fed 16, 17 or 19% CP had higher (P < 0.05) ADG than those fed 11%, while those fed 16% CP exhibited increased (P < 0.05) ADFG. ADG and ADCG of weaned calves and backgrounded yearlings and ADFG of weaned calves fed low-energy diets increased (P < 0.05) linearly with increasing dietary CP concentration. Daily carcass lean gain of weaned calves fed low-energy diets decreased in a quadratic manner (P < 0.05) as dietary CP level increased. No influence of dietary CP concentration was observed on carcass tissue gain of the backgrounded yearlings. It was concluded that energy balance of animals fed low-energy diets improved with CP supplementation and that current NAS-NRC (1984) CP requirements accurately predict performance of LF cattle. Key words: Steers, growth, carcass composition, energy, crude protein

scholarly journals The Effect of Live Yeast Supplementation on Beef Cattle Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everton Dezordi Sartori ◽  
Maria Eugênia Andrighetto Canozzi ◽  
Daniele Zago ◽  
Ênio Rosa Prates ◽  
João Pedro Velho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain

This meta-analysis evaluates the effects of yeast supplementation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) in beef cattle. The inclusion criteria were complete and randomized trials and supplementation with yeast S. cerevisiae versus no supplementation to measure DMI or ADG. Data were extracted from relevant papers via pre-defined protocols. A meta-analysis of random effects was conducted for each indicator separately including the mean of the control and treated groups. The results were presented with the pooled mean difference (MD), 95% of confidence interval, and I² (percentage of total variation between studies that is due to heterogeneity rather than chance). A total of 12 publications reporting 22 trials conducted in 1,161 cattle were analysed. The heterogeneity between studies was high and ranged from 92 to 99%. No effects were observed in ADG with the inclusion of yeast in the diet (MD = -2.849 g/day, p = 0.492). However, there was a reduction in the DMI (MD = -0.885 kg/day; p = 0.023) despite the high heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 92.4%; p < 0.001). The ADG increased when the forage level in the diet was between 30 and 50% (MD = 641.08 g/day; p = 0.001) and decreased when the level range from 51 to 75% (MD = -2.90 g/day; p < 0.001). In over 60% of the Neutral Detergent Fibre, the use of yeast in the diet decreased the ADG by 406.94 g/day (p = 0.034). Feedlot animals showed a reduction in the DMI (MD = -0.97 kg/day; p = 0.019) if supplemented with yeast. Supplementation with S. cerevisiae in the diet of beef cattle had no effect on ADG; however, it does improve the feed conversion due to the reduction in DMI.

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