ORIENTATION OF FEEDLOT BULLS WITH RESPECT TO THE SUN DURING PERIODS OF HIGH SOLAR RADIATION IN WINTER

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. GONYOU ◽  
W. R. STRICKLIN
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Body Orientation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Direct Radiation ◽  
High Solar Radiation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Beef Bulls

Two experiments were conducted using yearling beef bulls to determine the relationships between body orientation and air temperature and solar radiation in winter. In exp. 1, observations were made at noon on 23 days from December to April to determine the orientation of 90 bulls as a deviation from an angle perpendicular to the sun's rays (ANG). The mean value of ANG for standing, non-eating bulls was 38.2°. In general, ANG decreased as direct radiation increased or temperature decreased. On cold sunny days, 53% of the standing bulls (n = 313) had ANG values of less than 20°, and the proportion decreased to only 31% of the bulls (n = 270)on warm cloudy days. In exp. 2, ANG was determined for 15 bulls at hourly intervals during the daylight hours on six occasions from January to April. Bulls stood closer to the perpendicular early in the day when temperatures were low, and when solar radiation was high. The results of these experiments indicated that bulls modified their body orientation to increase exposure to solar radiation on cold sunny days.

Effect of season on thermoregulatory responses and energy expenditure of goats on semi-arid range in India

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. SHINDE ◽  
RAGHAVENDRA BHATTA ◽  
S. K. SANKHYAN ◽  
D. L. VERMA
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Semi Arid

A study of the physiological responses and energy expenditure of goats was carried out from June 1999 to May 2000 by conducting two experiments: one on bucks maintained on stall feeding in autumn 1999 (Expt 1) followed by year-round grazing on native ranges over three seasons: monsoon, winter and summer (Expt 2). Physiological responses and energy expenditure (EE) measurements of housed and grazing goats were recorded at 06.00 h and 14.00 h for 5 consecutive days in each season. Goats were fixed with a face mask and meteorological balloon for collection of expired air and measurement of EE. Respiration rate (RR) at 06.00 h was similar in all seasons (14 respiration/min) except in the monsoon, where a significantly (P<0.05) higher value (26 respiration/min) was recorded. At 14.00 h, RR was higher in monsoon and summer (81 and 91 respiration/min) than in winter (52 respiration/min). Irrespective of the season, heart rate (HR) was higher at 14.00 h (86 beat/min) than at 06.00 h (64 beat/min). The rise of rectal temperature (RT) from morning (06.00 h) to peak daily temperature (14.00 h) was 0.9 °C in housed goats in autumn and 1.0, 2.1 and 2.0 °C in grazing goats during monsoon, winter and summer, respectively. The mean value was 1.7 °C. Skin temperature (ST) was lowest in winter (30.1 °C) and highest at 14.00 h in summer (40.3 °C). Energy expenditure of goats at 06.00 h was 32.7 W in winter and significantly (P<0.05) increased to 52.0 W in summer and 107.8 W in monsoon. At 14.00 h, EE was 140.2 W in winter and increased to 389.0 W and 391.3 W respectively in monsoon and summer. It is concluded that monsoon and summer are both stressful seasons in semi-arid regions. Animals should be protected from direct solar radiation during the hottest hours of the day to ameliorate the effect of heat stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Solar Invasion on Earth Observation Sensors at a Moon-Based Platform

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 2775
Author(s):  
Hanlin Ye ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Huadong Guo ◽  
Guang Liu ◽  
Jinsong Ping
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Entrance Pupil ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Geometrical Relationship ◽  
Key Parameter

The solar invasion to an Earth observation sensor will cause potential damage to the sensor and reduce the accuracy of the measurements. This paper investigates the effects of solar invasion on the Moon-based Earth observation sensors. Different from the space-borne platform, a Moon-based sensor can be equipped anywhere on the near-side of the Moon, and this makes it possible to reduce solar invasion effects by selecting suitable regions to equip sensors. In this paper, methods for calculating the duration of the Sun entering of the sensor’s field of view (FOV) and the solar invasion radiation at the entrance pupil of the sensor are proposed. By deducing the expressions of the proposed geometrical relationship between the Sun, Earth, and Moon-based platform, it has been found that the key parameter to the effects of solar invasion is the angle between the Sun direction and the line-of-sight vector. Based on this parameter, both the duration and radiation can be calculated. In addition, an evaluation approach based on the mean value and standard deviation has been established to compare the variation of solar invasion radiation at different positions on the lunar surface. The results show that the duration is almost the same wherever the sensor is placed in the permanent Earth-observation region. Further, by comparing the variation of solar invasion radiation at different positions on the near-side of the Moon, we suggest that equipping sensors on the mid–high latitude regions within the permanent Earth-observation region will result in less solar invasion affects.

Evaluation of Solar Electric Power Technologies in Jordan Using Fuzzy Logic

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Badran ◽  
Emad Abdulhadi ◽  
Rustom Mamlook
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Power Capacity ◽  
Solar Ponds ◽  
Land Usage ◽  
High Solar Radiation

Jordan is considered one of the sun-belt countries, which possesses high solar radiation on its horizontal surface. The present study will be concerned on the uses of fuzzy sets methodology to perform evaluation between the most suitable solar technologies for power generation in Jordan, namely, solar ponds and photovoltaic (PV) technologies. The criterion of the evaluation were based on different parameters, i.e., power capacity, efficiency, availability, capacity factor, storage capability, cost, maturity, land usage and safety, they are planned as the technologies for the near foreseen term. Based on benefit to cost ratios, the results showed that photovoltaic technology found to be the better choice in terms of generating electricity, research and development and more effective programs of support and installation.

scholarly journals The Impact of Milankovitch Solar Radiation Variations on Sea-Ice and Air Temperature in a Coupled Energy-Balance Climate-Sea-Ice Model

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 144-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Shapiro Ledley
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Sea Ice Thickness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

The sensitivity of thermodynamically-varying sea-ice and surface air temperature to variations in solar radiation on the 104 to 105 time scales is examined in this study. Model simulation results show the mean annual sea-ice thickness is very sensitive to the magnitude of midsummer solar radiation. During periods of high midsummer solar radiation between 115 ka B.P. and the present the sea ice is thinner, producing larger summer time leads and longer periods of open ocean. This has an effect on the mean annual sea-ice thickness, but not on the mean annual air temperature. However, the changes in sea ice are accompanied by similar variations in the summer surface air temperature, which are the result of the variations in the solar radiation and meridional energy transport.

scholarly journals Meteorological conditions and their associations with the productive performance of wheat

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Thomas Newton Martin ◽  
José Eduardo Minussi ◽  
Jessica Deolinda Leivas Stecca ◽  
Giovani Mathias Burg ◽  
Marlo Bison Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
High Solar Radiation ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Santa Maria

This study aimed at assessing the effect of the photothermal quotient, meteorological variables and their effects on the grain production and yield of the wheat cultivars in terms of hectoliter mass in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The experiments were carried out in the same experimental area in different years. Four experiments were performed in the experimental field during the agricultural years of 2013 (10 cultivars), 2014 (16 cultivars), 2015 (15 cultivars) and 2016 (15 cultivars) with the principal cultivars in the Rio Grande do Sul state, during each of these years. The meteorological factors (mean air temperature, solar radiation, insolation and accumulated precipitation) showed wide fluctuations over these years. They induced instability in the production. The grain yield and the hectoliter mass were compared in each of the agricultural years (Scott-Knott, α≤0.05) and are related in dispersion plots according to the climatic variables for the set of years and cultivars (regression analysis). The available solar radiation (number of sunshine hours), quality (photothermal quotient) and average air temperature were the determinant factors for wheat productivity. However, the hectoliter mass was influenced more by the effect of genetic variability, lack of precipitation during crop maturation, and photothermal quotient around the time of anthesis. Wheat crop investments can be expanded to maximize wheat grain yield when average cycle temperatures remain near 16.5 oC, high solar radiation and low rainfall. Better quality trains (hectoliter mass) will be obtained when smaller precipitations are observed at harvest and higher photothermal quotient.

scholarly journals Variations in the mean line of sight velocity of the Sun: 1976–1985

1988 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 215-218
Author(s):  
A. Jiménez ◽  
P.L. Pallé ◽  
C. Régulo ◽  
T. Roca Cortés ◽  
Y.P. Elsworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shift Effect

Measurements of the line of sight velocity of the sun with respect to earth have been obtained at Izaña (Tenerife) during the years 1976 to 1985. The mean values found for each year show a trend of ~30 m/s from minimum to maximum. Their mean value is of 583.1 ± .2 m/s which is 92% of the gravitational red shift predicted by theory and their variation seems to be related to the solar cycle with the clear exception of 1985. The most likely interpretation is that the velocity limb shift effect, averaged over the whole sun, is the cause of the slight disagreement with theory and this effect changes with time.

scholarly journals The Impact of Milankovitch Solar Radiation Variations on Sea-Ice and Air Temperature in a Coupled Energy-Balance Climate-Sea-Ice Model

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 144-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Shapiro Ledley
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Sea Ice Thickness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

The sensitivity of thermodynamically-varying sea-ice and surface air temperature to variations in solar radiation on the 104 to 105 time scales is examined in this study. Model simulation results show the mean annual sea-ice thickness is very sensitive to the magnitude of midsummer solar radiation. During periods of high midsummer solar radiation between 115 ka B.P. and the present the sea ice is thinner, producing larger summer time leads and longer periods of open ocean. This has an effect on the mean annual sea-ice thickness, but not on the mean annual air temperature. However, the changes in sea ice are accompanied by similar variations in the summer surface air temperature, which are the result of the variations in the solar radiation and meridional energy transport.

scholarly journals I. On the period of hemispherical excess of sun-spots, and the 26-day period of terrestrial magnetism

1874 ◽  
Vol 22 (148-155) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
Magnetic Action ◽  
Magnetic Period ◽  
Sun Spots ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres

It appears from the interesting communication to the Royal Society, June 19th, by Messrs. De La Rue, Stewart, and Loewy, that the difference of the area of spots on the visible northern and southern quarter-spheres of the sun seems, during periods of considerable solar disturbance, to obey a law such that the difference is a maximum in the same quarter-sphere during several successive rotations of the sun, the difference being a maximum alternately in the northern and southern hemispheres—the time from maximum to maximum, for the same hemisphere, being variable between 18 and 32 days, but having a mean value of about 25-2 days. It occurs at once that if the variations of the mean terrestrial magnetic force are connected in any way with the solar spots, or the causes which produce them, we might here find some explanation of the magnetic period of 26 days, the difference of spot-area in one hemisphere from that in the other being related to a difference of the solar magnetic action.

scholarly journals Estimating Solar Radiation Intensity from Other Meteorological Data

1969 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 377-389
Author(s):  
Modesto Capiel
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Period Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Analysis Equation

Estimates of solar radiation (Ri) by 15-day periods were calculated from other available meteorological data by multiple regression analysis of Eo = f(Ri, u, Ta) ed), and then solving for Ri from the most significant equation of the model given above. Only solar radiation wind speed (u) and air temperature (Ta) were found to correlate significantly with Eo. The solution in terms of Ri (equation /4/) then was used to obtain estimates of solar radiation for 1- to 5-day periods. The mean ratio of estimated Ri to measured Ri approached unity (0.95), while the coefficient of variation was 8.9 percent, as compared to 5.1 percent for the original 15-day period data. It was found when these were compared to measured values that neglect of air temperature reduced precision of the estimates. Equation /4/ (the indirect solution) next was evaluated on the basis of foreign data, representing extreme meteorological conditions as those in Bet Dagan, Israel and Cristobal, Panamá. This equation also was compared at the same time to a direct solution of Ri by multiple regression analysis (equation /6/), a solution which directly minimizes the deviations about Ri. Statistical data are presented which compare the precision of the estimates by either equation (/4/ and /6/).

scholarly journals Long terms assessment of the meteorological indicators with COVID-19 pandemic of Bahrain for second wave measure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeb Qaid ◽  
Muhammad Farhan BASHIR ◽  
Dilshan Remaz Ossen ◽  
KHURRAM SHAHZAD
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
High Solar Radiation ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Death Cases

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the global lifestyle, and the spreading of the virus is unprecedented. This study aims to assess the association between the meteorological indicators such as air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), and wind speed (w/s) and solar radiation with the COVID-19 total confirmed and death cases in the hot, arid climate of Bahrain. We used the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, Kendall rank correlation coefficient measures, and the Wavelet Transform Coherence approach for econometric analysis. The dataset analysis from April 1, 2020, to January 10, 2021. The result shows that the air temperature and humidity, wind speed, PM2.5 indicators have a mild coherence and significant association with the COVID-19 total confirmed cases. In contrast, they have a significant positive association with the COVID-19 total cumulative death cases, especially during the summer period. A positive correlation was indicated between wind speed, PM2.5, and the COVID-19 outbreak. Although this region experienced a high solar radiation incident, the solar radiation has no association with the COVID-19 pandemic total confirmed or death cases. The study suggests that the association between humidity, wind speed, air quality needs to be further examined to spread the outbreak of infectious COVID-19 diseases. The finding of this long-term analysis will help this region's countries take a significant measure to control the second wave of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document