Effect of dietary level of naked oats (Avena nuda) on internal and sensory quality of eggs and on yolk lipid composition

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Cave ◽  
E. E. Farnworth ◽  
L. M. Poste ◽  
G. Butler ◽  
V. D. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Yolk Lipid ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Naked Oats

The yolk lipid composition was determined and the sensory and internal quality evaluated for eggs obtained from hens at 8 and 15 m of age from two experiments. In exp. 1, in which naked oats replaced corn and soybean meal at levels of 0–800 g kg−1, there was a marked decrease in Roche yolk color at 8 mo, an increase in egg weight, and at 15 mo and a decrease in yolk flavor intensity with increasing level of oats. In exp. 2, there were four diets (0) a corn-soybean meal control, (876) a soybean-free naked oat alfalfa diet, (874) diet 876 supplemented with lysine and methionine and (691) diet 876 supplemented with canola meal. Haugh units were greater and yolk color less for supplemented naked oat diets versus the control diet. The yolk lipid content of sphingomyelin and sterols were higher than for the control diet. A yolk sulfury aroma was noted at 15 mo. At 8 mo, egg Haugh units were lower for the unsupplemented oat diet relative to the corn-soy diet. There were no other detrimental effects of oat diet on egg sensory quality. Other than a corrigible yolk color effect, egg quality traits do not limit the use of naked oats in poultry layer diets. Key words: Oats (naked), canola, egg internal quality, egg sensory quality, egg lipid composition, laying hen

EVALUATION OF NAKED OATS (Avena nuda) AS A FEEDINGSTUFF FOR LAYING HENS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. CAVE ◽  
R. M. G. HAMILTON ◽  
V. D. BURROWS
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Avena Nuda ◽  
Naked Oats

Two experiments were conducted with 640 and 480 White Leghorn strain-cross hens to determine the optimum level of inclusion of naked oats (Avena nuda L. 'Tibor') in diets fed for 51 wk. In exp. 1 oats from 2 crop years were substituted for corn and soybean meal at levels of 0, 300, 600 and 782 or 808 g kg−1 in isoenergetic and isolysinic diets. Egg yield (46.4 g d−1) and egg production (78.0% hen.day) were unchanged up to 600 g oats kg−1 but were 4 and 6% lower at the highest dietary levels due in part to a 4-d later sexual maturity. Egg weight was 2% greater in all oat diets than in the control diet. Feed utilized per gram egg was 4.7% lower at 600 g kg−1 than at 0 g oat kg−1 the other diets being intermediate. A difference between crop years was seen in a higher percent small grade eggs for 1985. Dietary treatments had no effect on feed utilized per egg laid, incidence of soft shell and cracked eggs or on final body weight. In exp. 2, naked oats with alfalfa meal and a vitamin-mineral premix were supplemented with canola meal or lysine plus methionine or not supplemented, to give dietary oat levels of 675, 874 and 876 g kg−1 for comparison with a control of 0 g kg−1. Supplementation with canola meal supported 3.5% higher egg yield and hen.day egg production than that with lysine plus methionine, whereas for both supplemented diets egg yield, hen.day percent egg production and egg weight, as indicated by distribution of eggs between size grades, were, respectively, 8, 6 and 1.7% greater and feed utilized per gram egg was 7% lower than for the supplemented naked oat diet. The corn-soy control diet differed from the amino-acid-supplemented diet only in a 4.9% greater feed utilization per gram egg. It was concluded that naked oats can replace corn and soybean meal in layer diets and that, with supplementation of canola meal or lysine plus methionine, oat levels up to, respectively, 675 and 874 g kg−1 diet can support satisfactory and efficient egg production. Key words: Oats naked, egg yield, egg weight, laying hen, canola

scholarly journals NAKED OATS IN GROWER-FINISHER PIG DIETS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 833-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. MORRIS ◽  
V. D. BURROWS
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Naked Oats ◽  
Finisher Diets

One hundred and twenty-eight pigs were placed into four groups and each group was fed from approximately 32 to 97 kg liveweight one of four diets: a control corn-soy diet or one of three diets containing 30.0, 65.0 or 96.7% of Tibor naked oats. Total liveweight gains and carcass backfat and quality index values were not significantly different at the end of the 77-d growth period. Feed conversion of the oat diets was progressively improved as the amount of oats in the ration increased; probably because the energy content of the rations increased as the concentration of naked oat kernels with their 8–10% total lipid increased. Diets containing the higher levels of oats also produced a better carcass yield (or dressing percentage) than the control diet. Tibor naked oats are thus a suitable replacement for all or part of the grain corn and soybean meal in a grower-finisher pig ration. Key words: Pig, grower-finisher diets, naked oats, cultivar Tibor

scholarly journals Productive performance, egg quality and bone characteristics of quails fed with meal and canola oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Priscila De Oliveira Moraes ◽  
Edenilse Gopinger ◽  
Caroline Bavaresco ◽  
Aiane Aparecida da Silva Catalan ◽  
Renata Cedres Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Randomized Design

This study evaluated the effect of canola meal and oil in quail diet on productive performance, egg quality and bone characteristics. Quails (n = 84) with 150-days-of-age and average weight of 234±17 g were used in this experiment that lasted 84 days. The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 7 replications with 3 birds each. Four diets were formulated: SM+SO - control diet with soybean meal and oil; MC+SO - 25% replacement of soybean meal with canola meal; MC+CO - 25% replacement of soybean meal with canola meal and complete replacement of canola oil with soybean oil; SM+OC - control diet with soybean meal and canola oil. Productive performance, internal and external egg quality and bone characteristics were evaluated. The diet with canola meal and oil (MC+CO) decreased (p <0.05) feed conversion. Albumen height was lower (p < 0.05) for treatments with canola meal and oil (MC+CO). Regardless of the oil used, the dietary canola meal (MC+SO and MC+CO) reduced the weight and length of tibia (p < 0.05), but increased its ash content (p < 0.05). The mixture of canola oil and meal decreases feed conversion, and negatively affects internal egg quality and bone characteristics of quails. 

scholarly journals NAKED OATS (Avena nuda) WITH AND WITHOUT LYSINE SUPPLEMENTATION, FOR BOARS AND BARROWS: GROWTH, CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY, ENERGY AND NITROGEN METABOLISM

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. FRIEND ◽  
A. FORTIN ◽  
J. K. G. KRAMER ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
L. M. POSTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Avena Nuda ◽  
Naked Oats

Thirty-six boars and 36 barrows were fed four diets. The control was a fortified corn-soybean meal diet. Diets 50 L and 100 L were lysine-supplemented, and 48% and 95%, respectively, of the corn and soybean meal were replaced by Tibor naked oats. Diet 100 (unsupplemented) contained 95% naked oats. The diets were pelleted and given ad libitum to pigs housed three per pen. At a slaughter liveweight of approximately 90 kg, the left side of the carcass was used for carcass and meat quality examinations and samples were taken for fatty acid (FA) analysis. Additionally, 24 boars and 24 barrows were fed the four diets in a metabolism trial to determine metabolizable energy and nitrogen values. Daily gain by pigs fed Diet 100 was less (P < 0.01), and their times to market weight were 10 and 8 d longer, respectively, than pigs fed Diets 50 L and 100 L. Boars ate significantly less feed daily than barrows, and the rate of gain for boars was less and feed efficiency higher than for barrows. Total yield of lean meat was less (P < 0.05) from Diet 100 pigs than from those fed the other diets. The carcass index was higher (P < 0.05) for boars (106) than for barrows (102). The FA profile for the Tibor naked oats was very similar to that reported in a previous study even though the two crops were grown on different farms and 1 yr apart. Naked oats increased significantly the concentration of 18:1n–9 and 20:1 in the carcass backfat, but did not influence the quality of the loin muscle fat. An increased (P < 0.05) intensity of flavor in the pork loin roasts was associated with the naked oats diets. Boar roasts scored higher (P < 0.05) for juiciness than those from barrows; there was no difference in boar taint between the two sexes. The metabolizable energy value of the control diet was higher than those of the oats diets; significantly higher when corrected for N retained. Pigs fed Diet 100 L retained (P < 0.05) the most N (18.7 g d−1) and Diet 100 the least (15.8 g d−1). Nitrogen retention as a proportion of N intake was more (P < 0.05) for boars than for barrows. This study supported the inclusion of at least 48% naked oats in a diet for growing-finishing pigs. Key words: Boars, oats (naked), metabolism, carcass, fatty acids, meat quality

Performance of growing-finishing pigs fed barley-based diets containing toasted or non-toasted canola meal

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
R. W. Newkirk
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Similar Weight

Eighty crossbred pigs (28.7 ± 3.9 kg BW) were assigned to one of five dietary treatments in a factorial design experiment (sex × treatment). The control diet was formulated using barley and soybean meal, while four experimental diets were formulated with either toasted or non-toasted canola meal replacing either half or all of the soybean meal in the test diets. The total glucosinolate content of the non-toasted meal was more than 15-fold higher than the to asted meal (1.01 vs. 15.58 µmol g-1). The principal glucosinolates in the non-toasted meal were 3-butenyl (3.05 µmol g-1), 2-OH-3-butenyl (5.47 µmol g-1) and 4-OH-3-methylindoyl (4.68 µmol g-1). Digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were significantly (P < 0.05) lower for the toasted and non-toasted canola meal diets compared with the soybean meal diet. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in digestibility coefficients between the two canola meals. Digestibility coefficients were higher (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the diets in which canola meal supplied only 50% of the supplementary protein compared with diets in which 100% of the supplementary protein was supplied by canola meal. Pigs fed toasted canola meal had similar weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion (P > 0.05) as pigs fed soybean meal while pigs fed non-toasted canola meal had lower weight gain and feed intake (P < 0.05) than pigs fed soybean meal. Feed conversion was unaffected by dietary treatment (P > 0.05). There were no significant effects (P < 0.05) due to diet on any carcass trait. The overall results of this experiment indicate that omitting the desolventization/toasting procedure from the process involved in the production of canola meal did not result in an improvement in the performance of pigs fed diets containing canola meal. Key words: Pigs, canola meal, performance, digestibility, carcass, toasting

scholarly journals AMINO ACID SUPPLEMENTATION OF CANOLA MEAL

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. SUMMERS ◽  
M. BEDFORD ◽  
D. SPRATT
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Methionine Supplementation

Supplementing a 15% protein diet for chickens, with all the protein coming from canola meal, with essential amino acids (EAA) to bring diet levels up to those recommended by NRC, failed to improve weight gain over that of an unsupplemented canola meal diet. While feed:gain ratio of the EAA-supplemented diet was improved, performance was markedly inferior to that of a 20% protein corn-soybean meal diet. Supplementing the canola meal basal diet with corn oil, lysine, or lysine plus arginine resulted in significant responses; however, performance was again far below that of the corn-soybean meal positive control diet. Supplementing the canola meal basal with EAA to bring levels up to close to the corn-soybean meal control diet resulted in performance which was superior to that obtained in the experiments in which EAA were supplemented to NRC requirement levels. However, performance was still markedly inferior to the corn-soybean meal control diet. A point of interest was the failure to demonstrate a need for methionine supplementation of the canola meal diet, even though by calculations it should have been deficient in this amino acid. A marked improvement in performance occurred when the level of methionine supplementation was reduced from 0.28 to 0.1% for the canola meal diet, supplemented with lysine, arginine and tryptophan. This clearly demonstrates that excess methionine or sulphur supplementation can markedly alter the performance of canola meal diets and may be one of the major reasons why EAA supplementation of semipurified diets that contain canola meal has failed to result in marked improvements in performance. Key words: Canola meal, amino acid supplementation, chickens

SELECTION PREFERENCE OF STARTER PIGS FED CANOLA MEAL AND SOYBEAN MEAL SUPPLEMENTED DIETS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. BAIDOO ◽  
M. K. McINTOSH ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Single Stimulus ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Stimulus Trial

Selection preferences of starter pigs (4–5 wk old) fed diets supplemented with soybean meal (SBM) and canola meal (CM) with or without added flavor were studied in four experiments. In exp. 1, starter pigs were offered a choice between a SBM control diet and one of four isonitrogenous, isoenergetic CM supplemented diets containing either 5, 10, 15 or 20% CM. From 5 to 9 wk of age, pigs consumed two and one-half to seven times more SBM control diet than diets containing 5–20% CM, respectively. In exp. 2, the influence of supplementary monosodium glutamate (0.15%), dextrose (10%) and corn oil (4 and 5%) on the consumption of diets in which CM replaced 50–100% of the protein supplied by SBM was studied. No significant differences in feed intake or pig performance were attributed to the addition of these additives to the CM diets. In experiments three and four, the effect of flavor additives (Pig Krave and Hy Sugr ADE) on the palatability of CM supplemented diets was determined. In exp. 3, feed intake of pigs fed diets containing 100% CM with added flavors was significantly greater than that of pigs fed the 100% CM nonflavored diets. In exp. 4, a single stimulus trial, pigs consumed more (P < 0.001) of the flavored CM diets than the nonflavored diets. The improved feed intake of flavored CM supplemented diets decreased as the level of dietary CM increased. Key words: Palatability, flavor additives, starter pigs, canola meal, soybean meal

Effects of different levels of canola meal on egg quality

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 210-210
Author(s):  
R Gaykani ◽  
M Zaghari ◽  
M Shivazad
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Different Levels

In recent years there has been increasing interest in cultivating canola in tropical areas. This product is used to supply edible oil for humans, and also as a high quality protein source for poultry (Baker and Chang 1992), soybean meal has been replaced by canola meal and there were some negative and positive effects on egg production, egg quality, egg shell quality (Roth-maier1999) In the present study, investigating the effect of canola meal on egg quality, different levels of soybean meal were replaced by canola meal in laying hen diets.

Effects of enzyme supplementation on the replacement value of canola meal for soybean meal in broiler diets

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kocher ◽  
M. Choct ◽  
L. Morrisroe ◽  
J. Broz
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Reduced Water

A broiler growth study was conducted to investigate the replacement value of canola meal (CM) for soybean meal (SBM) in broiler diets with or without the addition of two commercial enzyme products. A total of 3600 broilers were used in this experiment. Four isoenergetic diets replicated 10 times with 90 birds each were fed ad libitum as starter (Day 0–21) and finisher (Day 21–37) crumbles. All diets included a high proportion of sorghum as the main cereal component, and soybean meal (20% and 24.5%) or canola meal (35% and 28.9%) were included as the sole protein concentrate. At Day 38 selected birds from each dietary treatment were commercially processed and carcass yield and weight of selected meat portions were measured. The inclusion of CM in place of SBM and the addition of enzyme to CM-based diets did not affect feed intake, growth, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Mortality in birds fed the unsupplemented CM diet was significantly reduced compared with the mortality in birds fed the SBM control diet or the CM diets supplemented with enzymes. Birds fed the unsupplemented CM had significantly (P < 0.05) reduced eviscerated weight, breast meat, and thigh yield and a significantly (P < 0.05) reduced water-holding capacity of muscle tissue compared with the SBM control diet. The addition of Enzyme A to CM-based diets increased breast meat and the addition of Enzyme B significantly (P < 0.05) increased dress yield, breast meat, and Marylands (thigh and drumstick portions). Carcass yield and quality on this diet was comparable to the SBM diet.

FEEDING AND METABOLISM TRIALS, AND ASSESSMENT OF CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY FOR GROWING-FINISHING PIGS FED NAKED OATS (Avena nuda)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. FRIEND ◽  
A. FORTIN ◽  
J. K. G. KRAMER ◽  
L. M. POSTE ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Avena Nuda ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Naked Oats

Forty-eight Yorkshire pigs (barrows and gilts), about 24 kg body weight, were fed three diets: a control diet containing corn-soybean meal with minerals and vitamins added (Diet 0), the same diet in which naked oats (Avena nuda L. 'Tibor') replaced approximately 50% of the corn and soybean meal (Diet 50) and a diet containing 95.4% naked oats plus the mineral and vitamin supplements (Diet 100). The diets were pelleted and given ad libitum to the pigs which were penned individually until marketed at 90 ± 5 kg bodyweight. The left side of the carcass was used for carcass quality determinations, meat quality (sensory evaluation) assessment and backfat samples for fatty acid analysis. Eighteen other Yorkshire pigs were used in metabolism trials to determine digestible and metabolizable energy and nitrogen values and nitrogen balances when fed the three test diets. Energy values for urine were determined with freeze-dried samples combusted in polyethylene bags using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter. The diets (DM basis) contained about 18% crude protein and 18 MJ kg−1 energy; Diet 100 was higher in ether extract (5.5%) and lower in ADF (1.7%). Pigs fed Diet 50 gained weight faster than pigs fed either of the two other diets, the overall effect being accounted for mainly by differences shown by the barrows. Feed data showed a similar pattern with higher daily intake and fewer days to market for Diet 50 pigs. A lower yield of lean meat was obtained from pigs fed Diet 100, an observation also supported by increased depth of loin fat and carcass ether extract. The fatty acids palmitic, oleic and linoleic represented 12, 23 and 59% of the total in the control diet, compared with 18, 40 and 37% in Diet 100. This dietary change was reflected in a carcass decrease of linoleic acid from 14 (control) to 13% (Diet 100). The dietary level of naked oats had a significant and beneficial effect on sensory evaluation scores for the pork roasts; flavor, tenderness and juiciness scores were highest for pigs fed Diet 100. The apparent digestible energy value for Diet 100 (17.3 M J kg−1) was the highest as was the apparent metabolizable energy value (17 MJ kg−1). Correction of the AME for the energy of retained N reduced the value by 2.35%. The nitrogen retention value was approximately 10% lower for the 95.4% naked oat diet than for the corn-soybean control diet. The study indicated by feeding and metabolism trials that, although growing-finishing diets containing a high proportion of naked oats are likely to be of high energy and protein value, they are limited in feeding value by an amino acid imbalance due probably to lysine insufficiency. Key words: Naked oats, metabolism, carcass, meat quality, fatty acids, pigs

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