Growth patterns of first-cross and reciprocal backcross beef cows in two environments

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-821
Author(s):  
D. R. C. Bailey ◽  
T. Entz ◽  
G. W. Rahnefeld ◽  
R. M. McKay ◽  
H. T. Fredeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Reciprocal Backcross

Growth patterns of first-cross (F1) and reciprocal backcross cows, 3–5 yr old, were evaluated under two contrasting environments: extensive range conditions at Manyberries, Alberta, and semi-intensive management at Brandon, Manitoba. Cows resulting from crossing Hereford (H) × Angus (A), Simmental (S) × Shorthorn (N), Charolais (C) × Shorthorn and reciprocal backcrosses from Charolais × Hereford (CH), Charolais × Angus (CA), Charolais × Shorthorn (CN), Simmental × Hereford (SH), Simmental × Angus (SA), and Simmental × Shorthorn (SN) were evaluated at Brandon. At Manyberries, HA, SN and reciprocal backcrosses of SH, SA and SN were evaluated. All cows were bred to Limousin (L) bulls. Cow weights and backfat estimates were recorded at breeding, calving and weaning. The HA cows were the lightest group for all weigh periods at both locations. At all weigh periods, the SSN (3/4 S 1/4 N) dam crosses at Manyberries and the CCN (3/4 C 1/4 N) and CCH (3/4 C 1/4 H) at Brandon were the heaviest. At Brandon, females gained weight during gestation and usually lost weight during summer nursing. Cows at Manyberries usually gained weight during nursing, with significant gestation weight loss. Nursing status of the cow had a significant effect on weight change, with barren status providing an opportunity for large compensatory gains. The CN dams were significantly heavier at all weigh periods than their 1/4 C back-crosses. At Brandon, the SN dam cross weights exceeded those of their reciprocal backcrosses at breeding, calving and weaning and at calving for the 1/4 S dams. At Manyberries, SN weights exceeded those of the 3/4 S crosses at weaning. Over the duration of study, average backfat estimates for cows at Brandon exceeded those at Manyberries (10.8 and 8.6 mm, respectively). Specific dam crosses performed differently at the two locations, and commercial cattlemen need to closely evaluate the F1 and backcross comparisons to determine the optimal level of performance under their particular management and environmental conditions. Key words: Beef cattle, growth, nursing status, crossbreeding, environment

GROWTH AND MATERNAL PERFORMANCE OF TWO-YEAR-OLD F1 AND RECIPROCAL BACKCROSS HEIFERS IN TWO ENVIRONMENTS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
Maternal Performance ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Calving Difficulty ◽  
Reciprocal Backcross

Growth patterns and calf performance of 2-yr-old F1 and reciprocal backcross females were compared in two contrasting environments, semi-intensive management (Brandon, Man.) and extensive range management (Manyberries, Alta.). At Brandon, 621 heifers of Hereford × Angus (HA), Simmental × Shorthorn (SN), Charolais × Shorthorn (CN) and reciprocal backcrosses from Charolais × Hereford (CH), Charolais × Angus (CA), Charolais × Shorthorn (CN), Simmental × Hereford (SH), Simmental × Angus (SA), and Simmental × Shorthorn (SN) were evaluated. At Manyberries, 271 heifers of HA, SN, CN and reciprocals of SH, SA and SN were evaluated. They were bred to Limousin bulls. The HA heifers were the lightest at 14, 18, 24, 26 and 30 mo of age at both locations. Location differences for dam crosses in common ranged from 5% at 14 mo to 19% for 30 mo weight (Brandon > Manyberries). At all ages, the 3/4 C 1/4 N and the 3/4 S 1/4 N dam crosses were the heaviest at Brandon and Manyberries, respectively. Differences in weights at all ages between the CN and their reciprocal backcrosses were not significant at Brandon. The SN dams exceeded their reciprocal backcrosses in weight at all ages at Brandon (P < 0.01) but none of the differences were significant at Manyberries. Very few of the differences recorded for gestation length and birth weight at either location were significant. Progeny from HA dams were the lightest at birth and when significant differences existed for gestation length the longest were associated with the 3/4 "exotics." At both locations, progeny from HA dams were lightest and the progeny from the 3/4 "exotics" the heaviest at weaning. Females at Manyberries produced calves that were 3.3% heavier at weaning than those at Brandon. The highest weaning weight ratios were recorded for the 3/4 S 1/4 A, 3/4 S 1/4 N and SN dam crosses at both locations and these dam crosses were intermediate in weight at 30 mo. Total overall conception for breed crosses common to both locations for breeding at 14 and 26 mo was 77.0% vs. 75.8% and 82.1% vs. 79.5% for Brandon and Manyberries, respectively. Few differences were observed between dam crosses for conception rate. At Brandon, CX females required significantly more services per conception at 14 mo of age than SX females which reflected itself in lower conception rates. Compared with the SX females, the CX females had 11.8% lower conception to 1st service and 4% lower total conception. Calves born at Manyberries experienced greater calving difficulty but this was not reflected in higher calf mortality rates. Key words: Beef cattle, growth, preweaning traits, crossbreeding

PREWEANING PERFORMANCE OF CALVES FROM FIRST-CROSS AND RECIPROCAL BACKCROSS COWS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Range Management ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Back Cross ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Reciprocal Backcross

Preweaning performance was evaluated for calves out of first-cross and reciprocal back-cross cows maintained under two contrasting environments. All cows were bred to Limousin bulls and the calves were born between 1982 and 1986, inclusive, at Brandon, Manitoba (semi-intensive management) and Manyberries, Alberta (extensive range management). Dam cross comparisons revealed that calves out of Hereford × Angus dams were inferior to calves out of European continental × British dams for all preweaning traits at both locations. Comparisons between calves out of F1 dams and calves out of backcross (1/4 or 3/4 European continental) dams generally favored the calves out of F1 females. Specific and nonspecific comparisons between the reciprocal backcrosses demonstrated that calves out of dams with 3/4 European continental breeding were heavier and grew faster than calves out of dams with 1/4 European continental breeding. Male calves exceeded female calves for all preweaning traits and calves born at Manyberries were heavier and grew faster than calves born at Brandon. Key words: Beef cattle, preweaning growth, crossbreeding, backcrosses

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING MILK YIELD OF BEEF CATTLE

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. JEFFERY ◽  
R. T. BERG ◽  
R. T. HARDIN
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Hybrid Breeding

The joint and separate effects of several cow-calf variables on milk yield were studied with 176 and 201 beef cows from the University of Alberta beef breeding herd for 1966 and 1967, respectively. The dams consisted of Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Galloway and hybrid breeding. Independent variables considered were: breed, post-calving weight, winter weight loss, summer weight gain and age of dam, and weaning age, sex and birth weight of calf. Total variance of milk yield explained by all variables together was only 40 and 52% for 1966 and 1967, respectively. Breed and age differences of dam accounted for 82 and 87% of explained variance in milk yield respectively for 1966 and 1967. Holding cow age constant, post-calving weight of cow explained 0.0 and 8.5% additional variance in milk yield for 1966 and 1967, respectively. Summer weight gain of cow was negatively associated with milk yield. Winter weight loss of cow had little influence on milk yield. There appeared to be a negative relationship between early parturition and milk yield. The effect of calf sex on milk yield of dam was inconsistent; cows suckling male calves vs. female calves yielded more milk in 1966 but less in 1967. Birth weight of calf had a small positive influence on milk yield of dam. Association between milk yield of dam and preweaning performance of progeny was high. It appeared that the quickest way to improve milk yield in beef cattle would be the introduction of breeds noted for high milk yield and by indirect selection, through selection of dams with progeny that have high average daily gain to weaning.

LIVE BODY MEASUREMENTS FROM FIRST-CROSS AND BACKCROSS FEMALES

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-400
Author(s):  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Range Management ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
The Impact

Live body measurements were evaluated in F1 and backcross females ranging in age from 1 to 5 yr, inclusive, maintained at Manyberries, Alberta (extensive range management) and Brandon, Manitoba (semi-intensive management). The objectives of this study were to examine measures of size, weight, and subcutaneous fat cover to determine: (1) their relationship with age of cow; (2) the impact of varying proportions of Simmental and Charolais breeding; (3) the similarity between generalized and specific contrasts involving 1/4 and 3/4 European continental and British breeding; and (4) differences between four consecutive lactations and three out of four possible lactations. Body length, height at the hips and withers, and cow weight at weaning reached or approached their mature levels by 5 yr of age and subcutaneous fat cover was more dependent upon environmental factors than age. Incremental increases in Simmental and Charolais breeding in the cow crosses resulted in corresponding increases in body size and weight. The generalized comparisons between 1/4 and 3/4 Simmental, Charolais, Angus, Hereford, and Shorthorn breeding provided useful information regarding generic comparisons but there was a need for evaluating specific backcross comparisons. Cows experiencing four consecutive lactations, compared to those that had three lactations out of a possible four, had decreased physical dimensions in addition to weight and subcutaneous fat cover. Key words: Beef cattle, body measurements, backcrosses, heifers, cows

CALVING EASE AND CALF MORTALITY IN FIRST-CROSS AND BACKCROSS COWS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Range Management ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Calf Mortality

Calving ease and calf mortality were evaluated for calves out of first-cross and backcross cows maintained under two contrasting environments. All calves were sired by Limousin bulls. The dam crosses at Brandon were HA, SN, CN, ACA, CCA, ASA, SSA, HCH, CCH, HSH, SSH, NCN, CCN, SSN, and NSN with H = Hereford, A = Angus, N = Shorthorn, C = Charolais, S = Simmental and a SSA cross was 3/4 Simmental-1/4 Angus. At Manyberries the dam crosses were HA, SN, ASA, SSA, HSH, SSH, NSN, and SSN. The calves were born between 1982 and 1986, inclusive, at Brandon, Manitoba (semi-intensive management) and Manyberries, Alberta (extensive range management). At Brandon, when calf birth weight was not a covariate, the significant dam cross contrasts for calving ease included less difficulty for SN cows than either the SSN or NSN cows, and for 3/4 A-1/4 European continental (E) cows than 1/4A–3/4E cows. When adjusted to a common calf birth weight the significant contrasts were HA cows had more difficulty than SN cows and the combination of SN and CN cows, SN cows had less difficulty than NSN cows, and 3/4A–1/4E cows had less difficulty than 1/4A–3/4E cows. At Manyberries, regardless of whether calf birth weight was excluded or included as a covariate, the SN cows had less difficulty than the SSN and the SSN cows had less difficulty than NSN cows. No significant dam cross comparisons were observed for calf mortality scores. Adjusting the calving ease scores to a constant calf birth weight did not significantly alter the magnitude of the contrasts but it did shift their probability levels. Location and sex of calf effects were not significant except for calving ease at Brandon where more difficulty was associated with male calves than female calves. Key words: Beef cattle, crossbreeding, backcrosses, calving, mortality

Osteomalacia as a result of phosphorus deficiency in beef cattle grazing subtropical native pastures in Uruguay

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110258
Author(s):  
Carlos O. Schild ◽  
Fabiana M. Boabaid ◽  
Luiz G.S. Olivera ◽  
Mizael Machado ◽  
Ana Vildoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
Total P

We investigated 2 outbreaks of osteomalacia as a result of phosphorus (P) deficiency in herds of lactating beef cows grazing subtropical native pastures in Uruguay. Cows exhibited pica, difficulty to stand and walk, rib fractures, and body weight loss even with adequate forage availability. Osteopenia and severe osteomalacia were observed on gross and histologic examination. The concentrations of bicarbonate-extractable P in soil (4.0, 4.1 mg P/kg), total P in pasture (0.9, 1.1 g P/kg), inorganic P in serum (1.0, 0.71 mmol P/L), and P in bone (73 mg P/mL) were all low. Although injectable and mineral salt supplements provided additional P in both outbreaks, these supplementary amounts were insufficient to prevent P deficiency. The P ingested by the cows from the pasture and supplements would have provided 20–55% of their daily P requirements of ~21 g P/d. Osteomalacia occurred in cattle at the 2 ranches as a result of severe P deficiency in the soil and forage, and inadequate P supplementation. Following diagnosis, control of P deficiency in beef cattle requires estimation of the amount of pasture P ingested and provision of sufficient additional supplementary P to meet the animals’ requirements.

scholarly journals The Effect of Supplementary Feeding on the Reproductive Performance of Beef Cows in Supporting the Siwab Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Prabowo ◽  
Subiharta Subiharta ◽  
Pita Sudrajad ◽  
Iswanto Iswanto ◽  
Sularno Sularno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Postpartum Estrus ◽  
First Time

This study aims to determine the effect of supplementary feeding on the reproductive performance of beef cattle and calf birth weight. Additional feed is given to cows who are pregnant (8-9 months) and after giving birth for 3 months. Additional feed provided is a complete feed prepared from local feed ingredients. The objectives of this supplementary feeding are: maintaining the condition of the mother's body, maintaining normal embryo growth, and accelerating postpartum estrus, as has been done in Megal Village, Pamotan District, Rembang Regency. Provision of additional feed to old pregnant beef cattle (8-9 months) and after giving birth for 3 months in Megal Village, Pamotan District, Rembang Regency. The conclusion of this study is that the provision of additional feed 5 kg / head / day to old pregnant beef cattle and after giving birth for 3 months can reduce the weight loss of beef cattle broods when the availability of feed is limited, increase birth weight of calves and accelerate postpartum estrus. estrus for the first time after childbirth). Provision of additional feed to late pregnant beef cattle and after giving birth is highly recommended, especially in areas where the availability of feed fluctuates.Key words: supplementary feed, reproduction, beef cattle

Reproductive efficiency of F1 and reciprocal backcross beef cows under contrasting environments

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Rahnefeld ◽  
R. M. McKay ◽  
G. M. Weiss ◽  
H. T. Fredeen ◽  
J. A. Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reciprocal Backcross

A population of 860 F1 and reciprocal backcross females representing Hereford (H), Angus (A), Shorthorn (N), Charolais (C) and Simmental (S) breeding were evaluated for reproductive efficiency under two contrasting environments (Brandon, Manitoba and Manyberries, Alberta). The F1 included the HA, CN and SN and the reciprocal back-crosses were HCH, CCH, ACA, CCA, HSH, SSH, ASA, SSA, NSN, SSN, NCN and CCN. All females were bred to Limousin bulls. The data collected from 1980 to 1986 comprised 3108 mating opportunities and 2523 pregnancies. For dam crosses common to both locations (HA, SN and specific dam crosses involving S) differences in performance criteria occurred with females at Manyberries recording greater cow losses, higher conception and weaning rates, and more weight of calf weaned than at Brandon. Combining these performance elements gave the females at Manyberries an advantage for weight of calf weaned per mating opportunity (162 ± 3.2 vs. 152 ± 3.0 kg). Barren culls comprised the largest proportion of cow losses at both locations with HA and NSN greatest and ASA lowest at Brandon, and SSH greatest and SN lowest at Manyberries, all significant at P ≤ 0.05. None of the differences for C cross females was significant (P > 0.05). Weaning rates per mating opportunity for dam crosses common to both locations indicated the ASA highest and the SSH lowest at both locations, the difference being 22.9% at Brandon and 13.2% at Manyberries. For the HA, CN and C backcross comparisons, the highest weaning rate per mating opportunity was recorded for the HA (73.3%) and the lowest for the CCA dam cross (62.4%). At both locations, the SN dams produced the most weight of calf weaned per mating opportunity with the lowest values recorded by the HA and NSN dam cross at Brandon and the HSH dam cross at Manyberries with the CN dam cross recording the highest values and the CCA and ACA the lowest. For all performance criteria calves out of F1 dams had an advantage over calves from backcross dams. Key words: Beef cattle, cow productivity, crossbreeding

2007-P: Weight Change and Intentionality of Weight Loss Relate to Mortality Risk in the Postintervention (Years 8-16) Phase of Look AHEAD

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2007-P
Author(s):  
RENA R. WING ◽  
JEANNE CLARK ◽  
MARK ESPELAND ◽  
JAMES O. HILL ◽  
ROBERT W. JEFFERY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Look Ahead

scholarly journals Depression-related weight change and incident diabetes in a community sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Graham ◽  
Tristan Watson ◽  
Sonya S. Deschênes ◽  
Kristian B. Filion ◽  
Mélanie Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractThis cohort study aimed to compare the incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults with depression-related weight gain, depression-related weight loss, depression with no weight change, and no depression. The study sample included 59,315 community-dwelling adults in Ontario, Canada. Depression-related weight change in the past 12 months was measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview—Short Form. Participants were followed for up to 20 years using administrative health data. Cox proportional hazards models compared the incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults with depression-related weight change and in adults with no depression. Adults with depression-related weight gain had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared to adults no depression (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.32–2.20), adults with depression-related weight loss (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.09–2.42), and adults with depression with no weight change (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.03–1.86). Adults with depression with no weight change also had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared to those with no depression (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.45). Associations were stronger among women and persisted after adjusting for attained overweight and obesity. Identifying symptoms of weight change in depression may aid in identifying adults at higher risk of type 2 diabetes and in developing tailored prevention strategies.

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