Effect of mash or pelleted supplements containing crab meal on intake and weight gains of beef cattle

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. Nicholson ◽  
R. E. McQueen ◽  
J. G. Allen ◽  
R. S. Bush
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Fiber Digestion ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Cattle Performance

Yearling beef steers showed a progressive decrease in rate of gain as crab meal replaced 33, 66 and 100% of supplemented soybean meal. The crab meal was highly resistant to degradation in sacco but was well digested in the whole tract of sheep. Rumen fluid from sheep fed crab meal was as effective for fiber digestion in vitro as that from sheep fed a similar diet without crab meal. It was concluded that the lower feed intake observed with cattle fed crab meal was not due to inhibition of fiber digestion. In a second experiment, there was no improvement in cattle performance when the crab meal was treated with the antioxidant ethoxyquin. Oxidation of crab meal that could lead to rancidity does not appear to be a problem, as adding ethoxyquin did not affect cattle performance. In a third experiment, pelleting a crab meal–alfalfa meal supplement increased intake from 1.22 kg d−1 to 1.64 kg d−1 (P < 0.01), and pelleting a crab meal–barley supplement increased intake from 1.55 kg d−1 to 1.80 kg d−1 (P < 0.05). In a fourth experiment, pelleting the crab meal supplement again largely overcame the depressing effects of crab meal on intake and weight gains. It was concluded that crab meal is a useful supplement for young cattle, provided they can be induced to consume it. Pelleting the crab meal supplement is one way of overcoming the lower intake and weight gains associated with feeding it as a mash. Key words: Crab meal, intake, digestibility, beef cattle, pelleting

Evaluating the In Vitro Metabolism of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Sheep Rumen Fluid

Lipids ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 821-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Aldai ◽  
Gonzalo Hervás ◽  
Álvaro Belenguer ◽  
Pilar Frutos ◽  
Angel R. Mantecón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Metabolism ◽  
Sheep Rumen

Repeatability of in vitro digestibility assays of forages when using fresh, frozen or freeze-dried cow faeces instead of sheep rumen liquor as sources of micro-organisms

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 110-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Akhter ◽  
E Owen ◽  
M K Theodorou ◽  
S L Tembo ◽  
E R Deaville
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Micro Organisms

Previous studies (El Shaer, Omed and Axford, 1987; Akhter, Owen, Fall, O'Donovan and Theodorou, 1994) with the two-stage in vitro procedure of Tilley and Terry (1963) have shown a high correlation between digestibilities of forages as determined using either sheep rumen liquor, sheep faeces or cow faeces as the microbial inoculum. In the first study of the of the present investigation one objective was to examine the repeatability of these digestibility measurements when made on different occasions. A second objective was to assess whether the correlations between faecal and rumen fluid based inocula could be improved if microorganisms were obtained from pairs rather than individual animals. The objective in the second study using forages of known in vivo digestibility, was to investigate the effect of freezing or freeze-drying of faeces on the repeatability of digestibilities of forages determined in vitro using micro-organisms from cow faeces.

scholarly journals A comparative study of ruminal activity in Churra and Merino sheep offered alfalfa hay

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Ranilla ◽  
M. D. Carro ◽  
C. Valdés ◽  
F. J. Giráldez ◽  
S. López
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractA study was carried out to compare the fermentation parameters and kinetics of digestion of a range of different foods in the rumen of two breeds of sheep (Churra and Merino). Ten mature sheep (five Churra and five Merino), each fitted with a rumen cannula, were used in this study. In situ rumen degradability of both dry matter (DM) and cell wall was greater in Churra than in Merino sheep, the breed differences being significant for most of the foods used in the study (P < 0·05). These differences were greater when the foods had a higher cell wall concentration and this could be related to differences in the ruminal environment. However, when the foods were incubated with rumen fluid their in vitro organic matter (OM) degradability was similar in both breeds. Rumen pH was higher (P < 0·05) and ammonia concentrations were lower (P < 0·05) in Churra than in Merino sheep. Rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations tended to be higher in Merino than in Churra sheep, though differences were only significant just before feeding (P < 0·05). The ratio acetate: propionate was higher in the Churra than Merino breed before and 12 h after feeding (P < 0·05). Protozoa numbers in rumen liquid were similar for both genotypes. The greater degradation of forages in the rumen of Churra sheep is discussed in relation to the possible higher activity of fibre-degrading micro-organisms and the greater buffering capacity of the rumen contents against fermentation acids, which could result in more favourable conditions for the microbial degradation of foods in the rumen.

scholarly journals Effect of glucose on fermentation heat in sheep rumen fluid in vitro

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arieli
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Heat Production Rate ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Effect Of Glucose ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

1. Heat production rate (H) of rumen fluid was measured in a direct calorimeter, Basal H of samples of 15 ml rumen fluid mixed with 45 ml buffer was 0.4 mW/ml rumen fluid.2. Addition of glucose (0.4–6.4 mg/sample) was followed by a dose-dependent increase in H. Maximal H was 1.1 rnW/ml and lasted up to 5 min, returning thereafter to the basal level.3. Expression of fermentation heat (Hf; kJ/mol substrate added) against glucose dose indicated an asymptotic dose response.4. Maximal Hf(at infinite dilution) agreed with stoichiometric calculations whereas minimal Hfsuggested a partial fermentation of the substrate at a high-glucose dose in the rumen environment.

scholarly journals PSI-4 Effects of increasing metabolizable protein on starch digestion in lightweight beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 226-226
Author(s):  
Cierra Crowell ◽  
Sara Tondini ◽  
Miles Redden ◽  
Daniel W Shike ◽  
Joshua C McCann
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Starch Digestion ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Metabolizable Protein ◽  
D 12 ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of increasing MP on starch digestion in lightweight beef steers. Greater provision of metabolizable protein (MP) may increase RUP and aid in pancreatic amylase production for optimum digestion of starch in the small intestine. Twelve crossbred steers were early weaned and used in a crossover design with two 18-day periods and 4 dietary treatments. Lightweight steers (BW = 153 kg) were randomly assigned to a treatment sequence for the 2 periods. Diets provided MP at: 0.59 (MP1), 0.69 (MP2), 0.85 (MP3), and 0.91 kg/d (MP4) based on observed DMI. Additional MP was provided through greater inclusion of blood meal. Feed and total feces were collected on d 12-18 to determine total tract starch digestion. Rumen fluid was sampled prior to feeding on d 17 via stomach tube to assess in vitro starch disappearance over 8 h for each steer. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS with fixed effects of treatment and period, and a random effect of steer. Starch intake was not affected (P = 0.18) by treatment with MP1 and MP4 having similar starch intake values (3.3 kg/d and 3.1 kg/d, respectively). In vitro starch disappearance and final in vitro pH were not affected (P ≥ 0.18) by increasing MP. Similarly, fecal starch output was not different (P = 0.65) among treatments with MP1 treated steers having 0.21 kg/d of starch output and MP4 steers having 0.18 kg/d of starch output. Low fecal starch output values resulted in high total tract starch digestion ranging from 90-96% and were not affected (P = 0.52) by treatment. Overall, increasing dietary MP did not affect ruminal in vitro or total tract starch digestion.

The effect of water quality on cattle performance on pasture

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Lardner ◽  
B. D. Kirychuk ◽  
L. Braul ◽  
W. D. Willms ◽  
J. Yarotski
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Cattle Performance

In western Canada, dugouts are the primary source of water for beef cattle during the summer months. Over time, drought conditions and/or direct access by grazing animals have a negative effect on water constituents and overall water quality. A study was conducted to determine the effects of improvements in water quality on cattle performance. The effect of pasture water quality on weight gain of beef cattle was assessed with 44 Hereford yearling steers over 5 years and 40 Angus cow–calf pairs over 3 years. From 1999 to 2003, cattle were allocated to 1 of 4 treatments, which comprised untreated dugout water pumped to a trough, aerated water pumped to a trough, and coagulated and chlorinated water pumped to a trough, all compared with direct access by livestock to the water source. Data were collected on livestock weight gains, water consumption, fecal parasites, environmental conditions, water chemistry, biological constituents, and forage production and quality. Water treatment by aeration or coagulation tended to improve steer weight gains (P < 0.05) over untreated water from a dugout in 3 of 5 years. Daily weight gains tended to be improved slightly by simply pumping water to a trough without treatment. Water aerated and pumped to a trough in early summer tended to produce greater (P < 0.05) weight gains in calves than those drinking directly from the dugout. The effect of treatment on improving cattle weight gains appeared to be related to improved water palatability, which increased water and feed consumption. Water chemistry and biological constituents analysed did not identify significant differences among treatments. These results suggest that improving water quality with aeration and pumping to a trough will improve weight gain 9–10% over a 90-day grazing period in most years.

scholarly journals Estimation of the degradability of dietary protein in the sheep rumen by in vivo and in vitro procedures

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C Siddons ◽  
J Paradine ◽  
D. L. Gale ◽  
R. T. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Microbial N

1. Estimates of degradability of nitrogen in the sheep rumen for a basal hay diet and for soya-bean meal (SBM), groundnut meal (GNM) and fish meal (FM), when given together with the hay, were determined from measurements of (1) duodenal N flow, (2) ammonia kinetics and (3) rumen N disappearance from polyester bags and rumen outflow rate. The ability of various in vitro procedures to predict in vivo N degradability was also examined.2. Four sheep were given a basal hay diet (800 g dry matter (DM) and 19 g N/d) either alone or supplemented with isonitrogenous amounts (15 g N/d) of SBM, GNM or FM. Duodenal non-ammonia-N flow (g/d) was increased more by FM (8.0) than by GNM (5.9) and SBM (5.8), whilst microbial N flow (g/d) was increased more by SBM (3.9) than by GNM (2.3) and FM (1.6). N degradability values calculated from these results were 0.88, 0.76 and 0.57 for the SBM, GNM and FM respectively. The corresponding value for hay was calculated to be 0.76.3. The irreversible loss of ammonia in the forestomachs (g N/d) was increased more by SBM (11.9) than by GNM (7.2) and FM (5.8) whilst ammonia outflow from the rumen (g N/d) was increased to a similar extent by all supplements ( I.1, 0.9 and 0.8 respectively), as was the amount of microbial N (g/d) synthesized from sources other than rumen ammonia (1.8, 2.0 and 1.9 respectively). N degradability values calculated from these results were 0.84, 0.54 and 0.45 for the SBM, GNM and FM respectively.4. The fractional rate of N disappearance (/h) when the feedstuffs were incubated in polyester bags in the rumen of sheep receiving the basal hay diet (800 g DM/d) was the highest for SBM (0,145) and lowest for FM (0.037), with the hay (0.082) and GNM (0.071) intermediate, whilst the fractional outflow rates from the rumen (/h) of the three supplements were similar (0.034, 0.038 and 0,030 for SBM, GNM and FM espectively). N degradability values calculated from these results were 0.82, 0.67 and 0.60 for the SBM, GNM and FM respectively; the value for the hay was 0.73.5. Of a number of in vitro procedures tested, only N solubility in sodium hydroxide and ammonia or total non-protein-N (NPN) production during incubation with rumen fluid in the absence of hydrazine sulphate ranked the supplements, although not the hay, in the same order as the in vivo degradability procedures. In terms of absolute values, N solubility in NaOH, at room temperature, gave estimates similar to those derived from the duodenal flow measurements; estimates derived from ammonia and total NPN production were lower.

Influence of saponins and sapogenins on the bacteriolytic activity of ciliate protozoa from the sheep rumen

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
B. Teferedegne ◽  
P.O. Osuji ◽  
A. Odenyo ◽  
R. J. Wallace ◽  
C.J. Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Sesbania Sesban ◽  
Leguminous Tree ◽  
Bacteriolytic Activity ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

Foliage from the tropical leguminous tree, Sesbania sesban, is toxic to rumen protozoa in vitro, due to materials present in a saponins-containing extract of the foliage (Newbold et al. 1997). Suppression of protozoal numbers in vivo when S. sesban is added to the diet is either transient or non-existent, however, even though washed protozoa remain sensitive to S. sesban in vitro (Newbold et al. 1997, Odenyo et al. 1997). A possible reason is that saponins are metabolised in rumen fluid (Makkar and Becker 1997). The aims of this study were to determine if the antiprotozoal effect of different accessions of S. sesban was related to their saponins composition, and if conversion of saponins to their sapogenin derivatives was a possible cause of the loss of the antiprotozoal effect in vivo.

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