Effect of microwave radiation on dry bean seed infected with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum with and without the use of chemical seed treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1373-1384
Author(s):  
A. P. Friesen ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
D. E. Robinson ◽  
W. R. Barton ◽  
C. L. Gillard
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Dry Bean

Friesen, A. P., Conner, R. L., Robinson, D. E., Barton, W. R. and Gillard, C. L. 2014. Effect of microwave radiation on dry bean seed infected with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum with and without the use of chemical seed treatment. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1373–1384. Seed-borne anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is a serious disease that affects dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed quality and yield. A 2-yr study was conducted to examine the effect of microwave radiation on two bean cultivars, Navigator (navy bean) and AC Ole (pinto bean). In the laboratory, a maximum exposure time between 40–50 s caused <10% decrease in seed germination and 0.14 and 0.10% s−1 decrease in pathogen viability for the Navigator and AC Ole cultivars, respectively. Field studies were conducted at Ridgetown and Exeter, ON, to evaluate the effect of microwave radiation and two chemical seed treatments (thiamethoxam+fludioxonil+metalaxyl-M+azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin+fluxapyroxad+metalaxyl), on emergence, percentage of infection, seed pick, yield and return on investment. Microwave treatment decreased emergence by <10% in both cultivars and decreased disease symptoms by 17–23% for leaf and stem infection in cv. AC Ole when combined with chemical seed treatment. Microwave treatment did not affect pod infection, seed pick, yield, or return on investment, yet chemical treatment increased yield between 9 and 25% in cv. Navigator.

Dry Bean and Anthracnose Development From Seeds With Varying Symptom Severity

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. PDIS-02-20-0402
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Halvorson ◽  
Robin S. Lamppa ◽  
Kristin Simons ◽  
Robert L. Conner ◽  
Julie S. Pasche
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Pathogen Colonization

Anthracnose, caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is a damaging seed-transmitted disease of dry beans that causes reduced seed quality and yield. Seed-to-seedling transmission of C. lindemuthianum has been documented as high as 15% in asymptomatic seeds under greenhouse conditions. Increasing pathogen colonization in seeds has been correlated with increasing anthracnose seed symptoms via quantitative PCR (qPCR), but stem colonization has not been quantified. Previous studies also have characterized seed yield and quality losses caused by planting C. lindemuthianum–infected seeds, but none evaluated the effect of growing asymptomatic seeds on disease and plant development under field conditions. A real-time qPCR assay was developed in this study and used to detect C. lindemuthianum in the stems of seedlings as early as 15 days after planting. Field trials measured the seed-to-seedling transmission of C. lindemuthianum across levels of anthracnose symptoms in seeds ranging from healthy to severely discolored. Results from these two field trials indicated that emergence and yield decreased and foliar symptoms, pathogen detection, and incidence of symptoms on progeny seeds increased as the severity of infection in planted seeds increased. In both years, planting asymptomatic seeds resulted in higher anthracnose severity than planting healthy seeds. Yield, seed weight, and incidence of symptoms on progeny seeds were not higher in asymptomatic seeds than in healthy seeds in 2014, when moderate disease pressure was observed. However, these factors were significantly different in 2015, when anthracnose severity was driven up to 75% by conducive weather conditions. This serves as a strong warning to growers that planting seed grown in a field where anthracnose was present, even if those seeds are asymptomatic, can result in yield and quality losses. Planting certified dry bean seed is always recommended.

scholarly journals Seed Coating Technologies and Treatments for Onion: Challenges and Progress

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Taylor ◽  
C.J. Eckenrode ◽  
R.W. Straub
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Film Coating ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Onion Maggot ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Mammalian Toxicity

Conventional methods to control the onion maggot or onion fly, Delia antiqua (Meigen), have relied on in-furrow applications of the toxicant pesticide, chlorpyrifos. The objective of this research was to develop an onion (Allium cepa L.) seed treatment that utilizes a new chemistry compound that is environmentally safe. Cyromazine is an insect growth regulator with a mode of action different from traditional pesticides used to control onion maggot. Cyromazine has low mammalian toxicity and is relatively nontoxic to other insects, including beneficials. High seed loading rates (50 g·kg-1 active ingredient) are required for optimal efficacy, and conventional slurry methods are inadequate to apply these high loading rates. Film coating and pelleting were performed at Cornell Univ. to apply cyromazine and a registered fungicide (a formulation of thiram and carboxin) to onion seeds. Results of field studies performed over several years revealed that stand losses due to the onion maggot ranged from ≈20% to 60%. Cyromazine applied by either film coating or pelleting decreased the loss by onion maggot from 1% to 8%, and efficacy was comparable to an in-furrow application of chlorpyrifos. Cyromazine was registered as a seed treatment and is commercially used in the northeastern and midwestern United States, where onion maggot is a serious pest. Field emergence was not negatively affected by cyromazine coated onto the seeds when onion seeds are sown in organic (muck) soils. There is other evidence, however, that cyromazine seed treatments may cause phytotoxicity to germination and seedling growth. Testing seed quality in sand or on roll towels revealed a high percentage of abnormal seedlings. Retarded root growth was observed in seeds treated with cyromazine, resulting in an increase in abnormal seedling classifications. A finely ground sphagnum peatmoss applied over the seeds in a roll towel test ameliorated the abnormal root growth symptoms, and seedlings had robust growth. Collectively, film coating and pelleting were effective delivery systems for the application of plant protectants required at time of sowing. Modification of the standard germination test was needed to accurately assess onion seed quality. Moreover, this project was successful due to a team effort of a university seed scientist and entomologists working with onion growers and industry. Future registrations on small acreage, high-value horticultural crops are envisioned to require similar multi-partner approaches. Chemical name used: N-cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine (cyromazine).

Microwave radiation effect with and without chemical seed treatments on halo blight infected seed, seed germination, plant vigour, and yield of dry beans

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 648-656
Author(s):  
A.P. Friesen ◽  
R.L. Conner ◽  
D.E. Robinson ◽  
W.R. Barton ◽  
S. Chatterton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Pathogen Colonization

Halo blight, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, is a seed-borne disease of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that lowers seed quality and yield. Over 2 yr, laboratory and field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of microwave radiation on two market classes: navy (‘Envoy’) and white kidney (‘GTS 402’) bean. In the laboratory, seed germination and vigour decreased up to 15% after 40 s of microwave exposure, where <7% decrease was observed during 0–30 s. Disease plating showed no correlation between pathogen colonization of the seed and microwave radiation, as incidence of pathogen colonization was low across all exposure times. In field trials in Morden and Winkler, MB, microwave radiation was tested alone and in combination with copper hydroxide 53.8% and pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad + metalaxyl. Seed treatment with copper hydroxide slightly decreased the incidence of halo blight but had little impact on seed pick, hundred-seed weight, yield, or return on investment. Pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad + metalaxyl seed treatment had no effect on any of these parameters. Microwave radiation lowered seed emergence by up to 9% but did not reduce disease incidence and severity or increase yield or return of investment when applied alone or in combination with a chemical treatment.

scholarly journals Imbibition, germination and cooking time of seeds of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) stored in different containers

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-338
Author(s):  
Juan A. Jiménez ◽  
Dermot P. Coyne ◽  
Freddy Saladín
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Jute Bags

Deterioration of bean seed quality in storage is a problem for consumers, seed producers, and growers. Research was conducted to evaluate imbibition and germination of dry bean seed cultivars/lines stored under conditions similar to those used by small farmers in the Dominican Republic. Eight dry bean cultivars and lines were grown at three locations in the Dominican Republic. Seed samples were stored in jute bags, plastic containers, and metallic cans under uncontrolled conditions in a small wooden building with slatted shelves. Sub-samples of seeds were taken at 2, 4 and 6 months to determine changes in moisture content, imbibition and germination. Mean cooking time values were determined for seed of four cultivars which had been stored in the three types of above mentioned containers for 6 months. Seed moisture content decreased from 11 to 7% during 2 to 6 months of storage for 'Venezuela 44' and 'ICA-Pijao', respectively. Seed of 'Constanza' had the lowest imbibition value. Imbibition value differed among cultivars for seed stored in different container types. Germination of "Venezuela 44' exceeded 90%, but was only 66% for 'José Beta'. At 6 months, the germination viability of seed stored in jute bags and plastic containers was 78% and 83%, respectively, whereas seed stored in metallic containers was 92% viable. Seed of 'Venezuela 44' had shorter cooking times than seed of the other cultivars. Cooking time of seed differed among container types. Results indicate that growing location, cultivars, storage containers and duration of seed storage can affect seed quality of beans in the Dominican Republic.

scholarly journals Impact of seed-born Colletotrichum lindemuthianum on French bean seed quality

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ravi ◽  
Sabitha Doraiswamy ◽  
V. Valluvaparadisan ◽  
C. Jeyalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Bean Seed

Fathom common bean

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-279
Author(s):  
Raja Khanal ◽  
Terry Rupert ◽  
Alireza Navabi ◽  
Thomas H. Smith ◽  
Andrew J. Burt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Common Bacterial Blight ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Xanthomonas Axonopodis ◽  
High Yield Potential

Fathom (CFIA registration no. 7544) is a full-season navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with a high yield potential, and resistance to anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum ) and common bacterial blight (CBB; caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli). Fathom is recommended for the dry bean growing areas in southwestern Ontario.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in bean seed samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stélio Jorge Castro Gadaga ◽  
Carolina da Silva Siqueira ◽  
José da Cruz Machado
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Pcr Techniques ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Abstract: Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is the causal agent of anthracnose in common bean, and infected seeds are the most typical propagation form of the disease. Thus, using common bean seeds free of C. lindemuthianum is crucial to managing this pest, as well as employing fast and accurate detection techniques to ensure high seed quality. In this study, both conventional and quantitative PCR techniques (cPCR and qPCR) were used for the detection and quantification of C. lindemuthianum in samples of common bean seeds. For that, seeds were inoculated by exposing them to fungal colonies for different periods of time, 0 h, 36 h, 72 h, 108 h and 144 h, each period corresponding to an inoculum potential. Then, they were mixed with healthy seeds, so incidences of 0.25%, 0.50%, 1%, 10%, and 100% of seeds with different inoculum potentials were obtained, in samples of 400 seeds. Both cPRC and qPCR techniques were effective in detecting the fungus. With the cPCR method, the highest sensitivity was recorded in those samples with 10% inoculated seeds with inoculum potential P36. On the other hand, with the qPCR technique, the highest sensitivity in detecting the fungus was observed in samples with 0.25% inoculated seeds with inoculum potential P36.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Reaction of North Dakota Dry Bean Cultivars to Three Races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. del Río ◽  
R. S. Lamppa ◽  
P. L. Gross
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
The North ◽  
Kidney Beans ◽  
Pinto Beans ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, causal agent of anthracnose, a serious disease of dry bean, had been prevalent mostly in the eastern United States and Michigan. In 2001, the disease was observed affecting several commercial bean fields in North Dakota. To assess the potential impact of this pathogen on the North Dakota dry bean industry, 30 of the most widely planted cultivars were inoculated with races 7, 73, and 89 of C. lindemuthianum. Race 73 is present in Michigan, and has been detected in recently North Dakota and Manitoba, while races 7 and 89 are currently present in Michigan and Ontario. All cultivars were spray inoculated with a suspension of 106 conidia/ml in the greenhouse and evaluated for disease reaction using a 0-to-9 scale 8 days after inoculation. Most kidney beans were susceptible to race 7, but resistant to races 73 and 89. ‘Isles’ and ‘Drake’ were the only kidney beans resistant to all three races. All pinto beans were susceptible to races 73 and 89 except ‘Topaz’, which was moderately resistant to race 73 but susceptible to race 89. Most pinto beans were resistant or moderately resistant to race 7. Navy bean cvs. Newport and Envoy were resistant to all three races; however, ‘Norstar’, the most widely planted navy bean cultivar, was susceptible to all three races. Research is being conducted to identify germplasm with resistance to these races. To reduce the possibility of spreading this pathogen to new fields in the region, the use of noncertified seed should be discouraged among producers, and fields used for seed production should be monitored very carefully.

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