Microwave radiation effect with and without chemical seed treatments on halo blight infected seed, seed germination, plant vigour, and yield of dry beans

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 648-656
Author(s):  
A.P. Friesen ◽  
R.L. Conner ◽  
D.E. Robinson ◽  
W.R. Barton ◽  
S. Chatterton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Pathogen Colonization

Halo blight, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, is a seed-borne disease of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that lowers seed quality and yield. Over 2 yr, laboratory and field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of microwave radiation on two market classes: navy (‘Envoy’) and white kidney (‘GTS 402’) bean. In the laboratory, seed germination and vigour decreased up to 15% after 40 s of microwave exposure, where <7% decrease was observed during 0–30 s. Disease plating showed no correlation between pathogen colonization of the seed and microwave radiation, as incidence of pathogen colonization was low across all exposure times. In field trials in Morden and Winkler, MB, microwave radiation was tested alone and in combination with copper hydroxide 53.8% and pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad + metalaxyl. Seed treatment with copper hydroxide slightly decreased the incidence of halo blight but had little impact on seed pick, hundred-seed weight, yield, or return on investment. Pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad + metalaxyl seed treatment had no effect on any of these parameters. Microwave radiation lowered seed emergence by up to 9% but did not reduce disease incidence and severity or increase yield or return of investment when applied alone or in combination with a chemical treatment.

scholarly journals Management of bacterial halo blight and other coffee crop diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-173
Author(s):  
Flávia Rodrigues Alves Patrício ◽  
Luis Otávio Saggion Beriam ◽  
José Maria Fernandes dos Santos ◽  
Arivaldo de Moraes ◽  
Agnaldo Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Simultaneous Control ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Important Disease

Bacterial halo blight (BHB), caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae, has reemerged as an important disease in Brazil, especially in coffee cultivated at high altitude in the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo. In this study we evaluated copper-based antimicrobial compounds (CBACs), the antibiotic kasugamycin and the resistant inducers acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and phosphite for BHB management in four experiments carried out in coffee crops in the municipalities of Caconde and Altinópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil. Fungicides to control brown leaf spot (BLS), a disease caused by Boeremia exigua pv. coffea, were also included in two experiments, because both diseases frequently occur simultaneously. Copper oxychloride, copper hydroxide, antibiotic, and ASM mixture with copper hydroxide, and phosphite reduced BHB incidence and had no phytotoxic effects on flowers or pin-head berries. Mixtures of boscalid or pyraclostrobin with copper hydroxide were compatible and effective for the simultaneous control of BHB and BLS. In this study, we showed that August-September is the most important period to control BHB in Brazil and lasts until December, when disease incidence increases, and flowers and pin-head berries are being formed.

Bayleton® Seed Treatment Combined with Foliar Spray Improves Fusiform Rust Control in Nurseries

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
S. J. Rowan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Forest Nurseries

Abstract Bayleton foliar sprays eradicated all fusiform rust infections when applied up to 7 days after artificial inoculation and eradicated a significant number of infections when applied 28 days after inoculation. A combination of seed treatment and foliar spray provided complete control when the spray was applied up to 14 days after inoculation and further reduced disease incidence when the foliar spray was applied 28 days after inoculation. Foliar sprays applied before inoculation prevented infections up to four weeks after application but sprays applied to nongerminated seed did not prevent infections in seedlings originating from these seed. Seed treatment would, therefore, significantly improve fusiform rust control in forest nurseries. Without seed treatment, applications of both ferbam and Bayleton during the period of seed germination may be necessary to adequately control the disease in high rust-hazard nurseries. When seed are treated with Bayleton, the first foliar spray must be applied 14 days after germination begins or no later than 7 days after the first infection period following the first 14 days of seed germination. Thereafter, sprays should be applied at intervals not to exceed 35 days.

scholarly journals Effect of nano based seed treatment insecticides on seed quality in Pigeonpea

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1226-1235
Author(s):  
B.N. Raghu ◽  
Basave Gowda ◽  
S. N. Vasudevan ◽  
Sangeeta I. Macha ◽  
Sharan Gouda Hiregoudar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Sweet Flag

A laboratory experiment was conducted to know the effect seed treatment with nano insecticides on seed quality of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) cv. TS3R. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of macro and nano insecticides on seed germination and vigour of Pigeonpea. Different recommended seed treatment insecticides viz, malathion, fenvalerate, emamectine benzoate, thiodicarb, sweet flag and neem seed kernel powder insecticides were synthesized to nano form using high energy planetary ball mill. The Pigeonpea seed were treated with different nano insecticides i.e., 10-90 per cent reduction in actual dosage. Among the different treatments studied, seed treated with nano malathion 50 per cent lesser than normal dosage, fenvalerate 60 per cent lesser, thiodicarb 10 per cent lesser, emamectine benzoate 30 per cent lesser, sweetflag 70 per cent lesser, neem seed kernel powder 40 per cent lesser than actual recommended dosage gave significantly higher seed germination (98.0, 98.67, 98.67, 97.0, 99.0 and 98.67 percent) ,less number of abnormal seedlings (1.0, 0.33, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 and 0.33 per cent) , shoot length (10.13, 9.00, 11.47, 9.50, 10.90 and 10.87 cm), root length (12.56, 12.93, 12.83, 12.60 11.50 and 13.00 cm), seedling dry weight (85.73, 87.40, 88.47, 87.70, 88.60 and 88.27 g) and seedling vigour index (2223, 2164, 2397, 2143, 2217 and 2354) as compared to untreated seeds and macro insecticides. Therefore, it is very clear that nano based insecticides has a significant (0.1 %) impact on the seed quality improvement.

scholarly journals Assessment of Mutagenicity Induced by Different Mutagens in Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Prashant N. Kolhe ◽  
Mrunalini D. Varne ◽  
Sumit N. Deshmukh ◽  
Sanjay N. Harke ◽  
Sopan G. Wagh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Dose Concentration ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Made In

Coriander is one of the most widely used herb. Coriander generally grown for leaf and grain purpose throughout the world. Induction of mutation is considered to be effective in improving various characteristics in plants like seed germination, plant vigour, yield etc. In present study we used three different chemical mutagens Colchicine, Sodium azide (SA) and Methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) on four different varieties of coriander (Green wonder, Cross-91, Mrudul and Surabhi). The study was performed by exposing the seeds of four varieties of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) to Colchicine (0.01%,0.02%,0.03% and 0.04%), Sodium azide (SA) at (0.1%,0.2%,0.3% and 0.4%) and Methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) at (0.01%,0.02%,0.03% and 0.04%) respectively. The observations were made on seed germination in field and laboratory conditions and the observations on seedling height, number of primary branches and leaves were made in field conditions. All the mutagens significantly affect the germination and seedling growth. The study revealed that germination percentage, plant height, no. of primary branches and leaves decreased with increase in dose/concentration of mutagen. Among three different chemical mutagen we observed that colchicine is better mutagen for induction of mutagen after that sodium azide (SA) had good results for seed treatment. Some of the concentrations of methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) (0.01% & 0.02%) were better. Among all four varieties of coriander Cross-91 gave better result after that Mrudul and Surabhi respond well to some concentrations. We categories the effectiveness of mutagen to induce mutation in coriander as MMS>SA>Colchicine.

scholarly journals Investigation of Seed Treatments for Management of Bacterial Leaf Spot of Lettuce

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Pernezny ◽  
Russell Nagata ◽  
Richard N. Raid ◽  
Janice Collins ◽  
Amanda Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Lettuce Seed ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Seedborne Inoculum ◽  
Soil Mix

Chemical seed treatments were evaluated for efficacy of disinfestation of lettuce seed that had been inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians. Three concentrations of each chemical were evaluated by treating seed lots for 5 or 15 min. In addition, the effects of each seed treatment on seed germination and early plant growth were examined by observing seed germination rates. Bacteria were not detected when seed were treated with 3 or 5% hydrogen peroxide for 5 or 15 min. Treatment of seed with 0.52% sodium hypochlorite was relatively ineffective at 5 and 15 min. When sodium hypochlorite was used at a 1% concentration for 15 min, the level of bacterial infestation was reduced to 2%. Suspensions of copper hydroxide plus mancozeb also reduced seedborne inoculum to ≤2%. Treatment of seed with copper hydroxide alone, benzoyl peroxide, or calcium peroxide did not reduce seed infestation levels significantly. Seed germination rates were 90% or greater for the majority of seed treatments tested in laboratory assays. Hydrogen peroxide treatments at a concentration of 5% reduced seed germination up to 28% compared with controls. However, no significant differences in germination were observed among control treatments (noninoculated, nontreated seed and inoculated, nontreated seed) and any of the chemical seed treatments when seed were sown in a pasteurized soil mix in the greenhouse.

Effect of microwave radiation on dry bean seed infected with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum with and without the use of chemical seed treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1373-1384
Author(s):  
A. P. Friesen ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
D. E. Robinson ◽  
W. R. Barton ◽  
C. L. Gillard
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Dry Bean

Friesen, A. P., Conner, R. L., Robinson, D. E., Barton, W. R. and Gillard, C. L. 2014. Effect of microwave radiation on dry bean seed infected with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum with and without the use of chemical seed treatment. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1373–1384. Seed-borne anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is a serious disease that affects dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed quality and yield. A 2-yr study was conducted to examine the effect of microwave radiation on two bean cultivars, Navigator (navy bean) and AC Ole (pinto bean). In the laboratory, a maximum exposure time between 40–50 s caused <10% decrease in seed germination and 0.14 and 0.10% s−1 decrease in pathogen viability for the Navigator and AC Ole cultivars, respectively. Field studies were conducted at Ridgetown and Exeter, ON, to evaluate the effect of microwave radiation and two chemical seed treatments (thiamethoxam+fludioxonil+metalaxyl-M+azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin+fluxapyroxad+metalaxyl), on emergence, percentage of infection, seed pick, yield and return on investment. Microwave treatment decreased emergence by <10% in both cultivars and decreased disease symptoms by 17–23% for leaf and stem infection in cv. AC Ole when combined with chemical seed treatment. Microwave treatment did not affect pod infection, seed pick, yield, or return on investment, yet chemical treatment increased yield between 9 and 25% in cv. Navigator.

scholarly journals Effects of organic seed treatment methods on spring barley seed quality, crop, productivity and disease incidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
Žilvinas Liatukas ◽  
Skaidrė Supronienė ◽  
Vytautas Ruzgas ◽  
Algė Leistrumaitė
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Barley Seed ◽  
Treatment Methods

scholarly journals Yield and Seed Quality of Soybean Cultivars Infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 826-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Hoffman ◽  
G. L. Hartman ◽  
D. S. Mueller ◽  
R. A. Leitz ◽  
C. D. Nickell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Central Illinois

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is one of the most important diseases of soybean in the United States. Five maturity group III cultivars, Asgrow A3304 STS (A3304), Pioneer Brand 9342 (P9342), Pioneer Brand 9381 (P9381), Probst, and Yale, grown in fields in east-central Illinois, were used to determine the relationship of SSR incidence to yield, 100-seed weight, seed protein and oil content, visual seed quality, and seed germination. In addition, the number of sclerotia in seed samples and the seedborne incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were determined. For each cultivar, at least 23 two-row plots, 3 m long, that represented a range of SSR incidence from low to high, were used to count the number of plants with and without SSR stem symptoms and were used to estimate yields and evaluate seed quality. Disease incidence ranged from 2 to 45% for Probst, 0 to 65% for P9381, 0 to 68% for P9342, 1 to 93% for Yale, and 0 to 95% for A3304. Regression of yields on SSR incidences for each cultivar was significant (P < 0.05); for every 10% increase in SSR incidence, yields were reduced by 147, 194, 203, 254, and 263 kg/ha for Probst, A3304, P9342, Yale, and P9381, respectively. Disease incidence was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with seed germination for all cultivars but Probst, and to oil content and seed weight for P9381 and Yale. Disease incidence was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with seed quality for all cultivars and to the number of sclerotia in harvested seeds for P9342, P9381, and Probst. The seedborne incidence of S. sclerotiorum was 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.7% in A3304, P9381, Yale, Probst, and P9342, respectively, and represents a significant potential for further spread of this pathogen and disease.

scholarly journals The effect of fungicides for seed treatment on germination of barley

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Vesna Stevanovic ◽  
Dusanka Indjic ◽  
Branislav Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Barley Seed ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Efficient Measures ◽  
Germinated Seeds

The application of chemicals, such as fungicides for seed treatment, is one of the most reliable and perhaps most efficient measures for integrated preservation of crops, and its practicing has become a legal obligation for all seed producers. This investigation was carried out in the laboratory for seed quality and phytopathology of the Small Grains Research Center in Kragujevac. The objective was to establish the effect of fungicides on germination energy and seed germ inability (determined after treatments). Two varieties were tested due to a possibility of specific sensitivities of some varieties, so that the results acquired on one variety would not necessarily be valid for another one. Fungicides based on active ingredients from the triasol chemical group had different effects on the energy of germination of barley seeds. Applying Raxil S040-FS, the average germination of barley seeds was 79.3% for the variety Record, and 91.3% for the Grand variety. The variety Record achieved a lower value than the minimum for barley seed germination (88%) stipulated by the Rules on Seed Quality of Agricultural Crops. Regardless of barley type, the product Raxil S040-FS showed a statistically significant effect on the number of atypical seedlings and increase in the number of non-germinated seeds, compared to the control.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Seed germination of twelve Indonesian begonias for conservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1192-1197
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD EFENDI ◽  
AISYAH HANDAYANI ◽  
INTANI QUARTA LAILATY
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Star Program

Abstract. Efendi M, Handayani A, Lailaty IQ. 2019. Short Communication: Seed germination of twelve Indonesian begonias for conservation. Biodiversitas 20: 1192-1197. Knowledge of seed quality is essential when seeds are stored for the long term. A preliminary study on Begonia seed conservation was conducted, to characterize morphology and germination testing on native Begonia from Indonesia. As many as 12 species of Indonesian Begonia were observed for the characteristics of fruit and seeds. Later, we tested the level of seed viability at different levels of fruit maturity. The experimental design used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research (STAR) program and further testing the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. Generally, all seeds were barrel-like in shape, the smallest size in B. muricata (252.42 µm length), and the largest size in B. areolata (up to 451.42µm length, while the operculum 28.48 µm-104.9 µm length). Most Begonia seeds start germinating in the second and third weeks after sowing. B. scottii, and B. verecunda, as well as B. longifolia, showed germination in the second week, while other species tended not to be simultaneous. Dry seed germination was higher than seed wet for eight weeks. B. longifolia and B. scottii had the highest germination in wet seed treatment: while in the dry seed treatment, the highest germination was showed by B. areolata and B. muricata.

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