Species dynamic, forage yield, and nutritive value of seeded native plant mixtures following grazing

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Schellenberg ◽  
B. Biligetu ◽  
A. D. Iwaasa
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Elymus Trachycaulus ◽  
Species Mixture ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass ◽  
Stocking Rates

Schellenberg, M. P, Biligetu, B. and Iwaasa, A. D. 2012. Species dynamic, forage yield, and nutritive value of seeded native plant mixtures following grazing. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 699–706. There is increasing interest in native plants of North America for rangeland reseeding in the semiarid regions of western Canada. However, there is limited information available on forage yield, nutritive value and response to grazing of seeded native plant mixture. The objective of this study was to compare foliar cover, forage yield, and nutritive value of two different native plant mixtures under grazing. In 2001–2004, a study was initiated on Orthic Brown Chernozemic (Aridic Haploboroll) soil near Swift Current (lat. 50°25'N, long. 107°44'W), Canada. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a full factorial arrangement of seed mixtures (7 species and 14 species) and stocking rates (1.3 and 2.7 animal units ha−1) with four replications of each treatment combination. The 7-species mixture produced more forage than the 14-species mixture in July, August, and September of all study years. The 7-species mixture, however, had lower crude protein than the 14-species mixture in August and September in 2002 and 2003. Neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber concentrations were generally similar between the two mixtures for July, August, and September sampling for all 3 yr. Foliar cover of awned wheatgrass [(Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould & Shin. ssp subsecundus (Link) A. & D. Love.] and slender wheatgrass [Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould subsp. trachycaulus] was higher in the 7-species mixture than the 14-species mixture, but foliar cover of other species was similar between the two mixtures. Shrub species were rarely observed in the stand at any year. Higher stocking rate decreased foliar cover of slender wheatgrass and weeds, but foliar cover of other species was similar between the two stocking rates. Based on the results, a seed mixture of native cool-season grasses may be more productive than a combination of native warm- and cool-season grasses under semiarid region of western Canada, but inclusion of warm-season grasses could improve nutritive value by increasing protein content in the late summer months.

scholarly journals Lamb performance in hardwood silvopastures, I: animal gains and forage measures in summer

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel J Pent ◽  
Scott P Greiner ◽  
John F Munsell ◽  
Benjamin F Tracy ◽  
John H Fike
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Stocking Rates

Abstract The integration of trees into pasture systems can have variable effects on forage and animal growth. Some reports of these systems have indicated that animal gains are similar or better even when tree presence lowers forage yield. Forage production and animal performance were compared in black walnut (Juglans nigra L.)-based and honeylocust (Gleditisia triacanthose L.)-based silvopasture systems and open pastures in a randomized complete block design with three blocks over three summers. Cool season-based, mixed grass pastures were rotationally stocked with four to seven lambs depending on available forage. A rising plate meter was used to estimate pre- and post-graze forage mass. Forage samples of the mixed sward were collected and analyzed for nitrogen (N) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations. Species percent cover was estimated using a modified Daubenmire approach at the same 12 points within each experimental unit every 4 wk during the study. Pre-graze herbage mass was similar (P = 0.0717) in honeylocust silvopastures (5020 ± 30 kg·ha−1) and open pastures (4930 ± 30 kg·ha−1) and lowest (P < 0.0001) in the black walnut silvopastures (3560 ± 30 kg·ha−1). Forages in the black walnut and honeylocust silvopastures had similar (P = 0.4867) N concentrations (23.3 ± 0.4 and 23.9 ± 0.4 g·kg−1, respectively), which was greater (P ≤ 0.0003) than that of the forages in the open pastures (21.0 ± 0.4 g·kg−1). Forages in the honeylocust silvopasture had lower (P ≤ 0.0042) NDF concentrations (507 ± 3 g·kg−1) than forages in the black walnut silvopasture and open pastures (mean = 525 ± 3 g·kg−1). Forage species present in the black walnut silvopastures differed from those present in the open and honeylocust systems, which had similar composition. Despite differences in stocking rates, total lamb weight gains per system did not differ (P ≥ 0.7592) among black walnut, honeylocust, and open pasture systems (10 ± 2, 12 ± 2, and 10 ± 2 kg·d−1, respectively). Silvopasture practices can improve land productivity when incorporated into cool season forage pastures.

scholarly journals Forage yield and nutritive value of Elephant grass, Italian ryegrass and spontaneous growing species mixed with forage peanut or red clover

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1845-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Schalemberg Diehl ◽  
Clair Jorge Olivo ◽  
Carlos Alberto Agnolin ◽  
Ricardo Lima de Azevedo Junior ◽  
Vinícius Felipe Bratz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grazing Systems

The objective of this research was to evaluate of three grazing systems (GS) with elephant grass (EG), Italian ryegrass (IR) + spontaneous growing species (SGS); EG + IR + SGS + forage peanut (FP); and EG + IR + SGS + red clover (RC), during the winter and summer periods in rotational grazing with dairy cattle. Experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments, two replicates with repeated measures. Lactating Holstein cows receiving 1% BW-daily feed supplement with concentrate were used in the evaluation. Eight grazing cycles were performed during the experimental period. The values of pre forage mass and stocking rate were 2.52, 2.60 and 2.99 t ha-1 and 2.64, 2.77 and 3.14 animal unit ha-1, respectively for GS. Samples of forage were collected by hand-plucking technique to analyze the crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in situ dry matter digestibility (ISDMD), in situ organic matter digestibility (ISOMD) of forage present between rows of elephant grass, in the rows of elephant grass and the legumes. Higher value of CP, ISOMD and lower of NDF were observed for the grazing systems mixed with legumes forage.

173 Grazing Cover Crops: Effects of Cattle Removal Date on Forage Production and Cattle Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 94-94
Author(s):  
Russell C Carrell ◽  
Sandra L Dillard ◽  
Mary K Mullenix ◽  
Audrey Gamble ◽  
Russ B Muntifering
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Total Gain ◽  
Cattle Performance

Abstract Use of cool-season annual cover crops through grazing has been shown to be a potential tool in extending the grazing season, while still mitigating environmental risks associated with warm-season row crop production. Although data describing the effects of grazing on soil health are not novel, effects of grazing length on animal performance and cover crop production are limited. The objective was to determine cattle performance and forage production when grazing a cool-season annual cover-crop. Twelve, 1.2-ha pastures were established in a four species forage mix and randomly allocated to be grazed through either mid-February (FEB), mid-March (MAR), or mid-April (APR) with a non-grazed control (CON). Three tester steers were randomly placed in each paddock and a 1:1 forage allowance was maintained in each paddock using put-and-take steers. Animals were weighed every 30 d for determination of average daily gain (ADG). Forage was harvested bi-weekly and analyzed for forage production, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Fiber fractions were measured using an ANKOM fiber analyzer (ANKOM Tech, Macedon, NY). All data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4 (SAS Inst., Cary, NC). Differences in forage mass were detected between CON and FEB (3,694.75 vs. 2,539.68 kg/ha; P < 0.003), CON and MAR (3,694.75 vs. 1,823.45 kg/ha; P < 0.001), and CON and APR (3,694.75 vs. 1,976.23 kg/ha; P < 0.001). Differences in total gain/acre were detected between APR and MAR (212.24 vs. 101.74 kg/ha; P < 0.0001), APR and FEB (212.24 vs 52.65 kg/ha; P < 0.0001), and FEB and MAR (101.74 vs. 52.65 kg/ha; P < 0.003). No differences were detected for tester ADG (1.23 kg/day, P = 0.56), NDF (44.9%, P = 0.99), or ADF (27.2%, P = 0.92) among treatments. These results indicate that cattle removal date effected forage yield and total gain/hectare.

scholarly journals Forage yield and nutritive value of hay from sorghum-sudangrass hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e95991110508
Author(s):  
Hosnerson Renan de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Mauro Pereira de Figueiredo ◽  
Ingrid Thalia Prado de Castro ◽  
Mário Henrique Melo e Lima ◽  
Luiza Maria Gigante Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
High Forage

The objective was to evaluate agronomically nine sorghum-sudangrass hybrids (Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense) and the nutritive value of their respective hays. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a 3 × 9 factorial scheme, with three replications. Three cuts were made: 42 days after germination, 29 days after regrowth, and 28 days after the second regrowth. All hybrids showed a higher number of plants ha–1 (P < 0.05) in the second cut. For the green matter and dry matter production of the hays, the values ranged from 49.16 to 62.07 t ha–1 and 9.07 to 11.43 t ha–1, respectively. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in dry matter, mineral matter, or ether extract. The hybrids 1013020, BRS 810, 1013016, and 1624F016 showed higher values of crude protein (CP) of 16.49, 16.17, 16.08, and 15.88%, respectively. Differences were observed (P < 0.05) in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content. The hybrids 1013020, BRS 802, 1013021, 1013016, BRS 810, and 1624F006 presented lower levels of NDF (60.57, 60.74, 62.15, 62.37, 62.58, and 64.70%, respectively). The hybrids BRS 802, 1013016, BRS 810, and 1624F006, stood out above the others, presenting high forage yield and adequate nutritive value (CP content >13% and NDF content <65%).

scholarly journals Ammonia Volatilization, Forage Accumulation, and Nutritive Value of Marandu Palisade Grass Pastures in Different N Sources and Doses

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Darlena Caroline da Cruz Corrêa ◽  
Abmael da Silva Cardoso ◽  
Mariane Rodrigues Ferreira ◽  
Débora Siniscalchi ◽  
Pedro Henrique de Almeida Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
The Impact

The reduction in ammonia (NH3) losses from volatilization has significant implications in forage production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of N fertilizers (urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate) and four doses (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg N ha−1) on N losses by NH3 volatilization, accumulation, and forage chemical composition of Urochloa brizantha cv Marandu. Two field experiments were conducted to measure NH3 losses using semi-open chambers. The forage accumulation and chemical composition were evaluated in the third experiment; the response variables included forage accumulation, crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Compared to urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate reduced NH3 losses by 84% and 87% and increased total forage accumulation by 14% and 23%, respectively. Forage accumulation rate and CP increased linearly with the N levels, while NDF contents decreased linearly with the N levels. In both experiments, NH3 losses and forage characteristics were different according to the rainfall pattern and temperature variations. Our results indicate that the use of nitric and ammoniacal fertilizers and the application of fertilizer in the rainy season constitute an efficient fertilizer management strategy to increase forage yield and decrease losses from volatilization of NH3.

Short-lived intercrop forages affect long-term yields of alfalfa and wildrye grass mixtures

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
A. J. Leyshon ◽  
P. G. Jefferson ◽  
J. Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Elymus Trachycaulus ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Russian Wildrye ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass

Widely seeded rows (>60 cm) of perennial grasses have exhibited greater long-term yield stability, but allow weed invasion in the first years after establishment. A 9-yr study was conducted at a semiarid site at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada, to determine the effects of intercropping oats (Avena sativa L.) and slender wheatgrass [Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners] between rows of Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski], and Altai wildrye [Leymus angustus (Trin) Pilger] seeded in 90-cm spacings either alone or in alternate rows with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Two rows of oats depressed grass forage production in the year following establishment. Slender wheatgrass intercrops reduced grass forage yield and alfalfa forage yield. However, slender wheatgrass contributed to increased total forage yields while it persisted in the mixture. By the fifth year, it had disappeared from the Russian wildrye plots but persisted 2 more years when intercropped with Altai wildrye. Interseeded companion crops, either annual or short-lived perennials, for forage will give short-term yield gains, but long-lived perennial forages may not recover from the competition in the long-term. Key words: Avena sativa, Elymus trachycaulus, Psathyrostachys juncea, Leymus angustus, Medicago sativa, forage yield

scholarly journals Chemical composition of rhizoma perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata) harvested for hay in the tropics

1969 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Teodoro M. Ruiz ◽  
Efraín Cancel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Tropics

The effect of harvest interval (HI), six-, nine-, and 12-wk, and season of growth (winter, spring, summer, and fall) on crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was studied with rhizoma perennial peanut (RPP) TARS line nos. 17033, 17050, 17052, and 17097 (PI nos. 276233, 262826, 262833, and 262839, respectively) and cv Florigraze and Arbrook at the Lajas Agricultural Experiment Substation. The same parameters were evaluated with PI nos. 276233, 262839, and cv Florigraze at the Juana Díaz Substation. The overall mean CP concentration for RPP, across HI and season of growth was 16.3 and 15.5% in the Lajas and Juana Díaz studies, respectively. In both trials, accession 17033 had the lowest (14.2%) and accession 17097 the highest (16.7%) CP values (P < 0.05). Harvest interval negatively influenced CP concentration (P < 0.01). An increase in HI from six to 12 weeks resulted in a reduction of CP from 17.3 to 15.5%, and from 16.5 to 13.7% in the Lajas and Juana Díaz studies, respectively. In the latter study the CP concentrations of forage harvested at six and nine weeks were similar. Differences in NDF among RPPs were significant (P < 0.05) in both trials. In both, accession 17033 had the highest (49.9%) and accession 17097 the lowest (48.1%) concentration. Increasing HI resulted in quadratic increases (P < 0.01) in NDF concentration. Results for the six-, nine- and 12-wk intervals were 47.8, 50.9, and 51.8% at Lajas and 45.8, 44.5, 52.0% at Juana Díaz, respectively. Season of growth did influence chemical composition of RPP; however, unlike the pattern observed in tropical grasses, the chemical composition of RPP was better in the seasons of greater forage yield (spring and summer). These results show the excellent potential for high nutritive value of RPP when grown in the Caribbean tropics. 

Late summer forage yield, nutritive value, compatibility of warm- and cool-season grasses seeded with legumes in western Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Biligetu ◽  
P. G. Jefferson ◽  
R. Muri ◽  
M. P. Schellenberg
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Western Wheatgrass ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

Biligetu, B., Jefferson, P. G., Muri, R. and Schellenberg, M. P. 2014. Late summer forage yield, nutritive value, compatibility of warm-and cool-season grasses seeded with legumes in western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1139–1148. In late summer and fall, quality and quantity of forage are important for weight gain by grazing animals in western Canada. The objective of this study was to evaluate forage nutritive value, dry matter (DM) yield, and compatibility of crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.], meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.), green needle grass [Nasella viridula (Trin.) Barkworth], northern wheatgrass [Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & J. G. Sm.) Gould], western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey], Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski], big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), or switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) in eight grass monocultures, and their binary mixtures with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.), or cicer-milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) harvested once in August or September. A field study was conducted over a 7-yr period from 1998 to 2004 near Swift Current (lat. 50°25'N, long. 107°44'W, 824 m elev.), SK, Canada, using a randomized complete block design. Forage DM yield was similar between August and September harvests (P>0.05). Binary mixtures of alfalfa–grass produced highest (P<0.05) DM yield ranging from 2449 to 2758 kg ha−1. The monoculture of crested wheatgrass (2143 kg ha−1), sainfoin with crested wheatgrass (2061 kg ha−1), and cicer-milkvetch with green needle grass (1838 kg ha−1) or cicer-milkvetch with western wheatgrass (1861 kg ha−1) produced the second highest (P<0.05) DM yields in the ranking. The two warm-season grasses produced the lowest (P>0.05) DM yields over the 7-yr period. Monocultures of green needle grass or northern wheatgrass had the highest acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), while warm-season grasses with legumes had the lowest. Alfalfa with western wheatgrass and alfalfa with Russian wildrye had the highest crude protein (CP) concentrations. Monocultures of meadow bromegrass, crested wheatgrass, green needle grass, or cicer-milkvetch with meadow bromegrass, and sainfoin with crested wheatgrass had the lowest CP concentrations. In vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) was greater for mixtures than for the grass monocultures. Concentration of Ca and P was greater for warm-season grasses than cool-season grasses. Alfalfa with western wheatgrass was the best combination considering yield, quality, and compatibility for deferred grazing in late summer and fall in the semiarid prairies. Tested warm-season grasses are not recommended for seeding as binary mixtures with legumes for southwestern Saskatchewan.

Leaf and stem nutritive value of timothy cultivars of different maturity at an irrigated site in southwestern Saskatchewan

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Or Modelling

Leaf and stem structural components contribute to variation in nutritive value among timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars. Modelling timothy growth and nutritive value requires a better understanding of this variation. A trial of 11 timothy cultivars was conducted on irrigation at Swift Current, Saskatchewan from 1995 to 1997. Leaf:stem ratio, forage yield, days to maturity, N, P, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations, N/P ratio and P uptake of leaf and stem components were determined for spring growth forage. Two N fertilizer rates (100 and 150 kg N ha-1) did not consistently affect leaf and stem nutritive value. Cultivars differed in maturity, stem P, stem N, stem NDF, leaf NDF and leaf ADF in all 3 yr. Days to maturity was correlated to stem P concentration (r = 0.59, P < 0.05, to 0.77, P < 0.01) and leaf ADF concentration (r = 0.59, P < 0.05, to 0.82, P < 0.01) in all 3 yr but not to stem NDF concentration. Days to maturity was correlated to stem N concentration and leaf NDF concentration in 1995 and 1997 but not in 1996. However, days to maturity did not explain the observed variation among cultivars for stem NDF concentration and several other variables. While maturity differences among timothy cultivars must be taken into account when selecting for improved nutritive value or modelling growth and quality, additional variation for these traits was evident. Key words: Forage quality, Phleum pratense L., maturity, forage yield

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.): renewed interest as a forage legume for western Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 748-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bhattarai ◽  
B. Coulman ◽  
B. Biligetu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Temperate Grasslands ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
Seed Characteristics

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is a perennial forage legume that has received renewed interest in western Canada because of its desirable forage characteristics. The objective of this review is to summarize previous studies on the agronomy, forage yield, nutritive value, seed characteristics, and diseases and pests of sainfoin. In addition, the review also focuses on the genetic diversity and registered cultivars of sainfoin and their potential use in temperate grasslands. Past studies have reported that sainfoin has a high nutritive value, and high voluntary intake and palatability to grazing animals. In western Canada, dry matter (DM) yield of sainfoin is 80%–95% that of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Unlike other legumes such as alfalfa, sainfoin does not cause bloat in grazing animals due to the presence of condensed tannins. Sainfoin is suitable for monoculture or binary mixtures with either grasses or alfalfa. Genetic diversity studies revealed that sainfoin germplasm generally has high variation within populations. Genetic variation among plants provides an opportunity to develop improved cultivars with desirable characteristics. However, compared with the other forage legumes, sainfoin is still an underdeveloped forage crop with few cultivars being available in western Canada. New sainfoin cultivars with high DM yield and persistence under regional growing conditions are required.

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