THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION ON THE AGRONOMIC AND MALTING CHARACTERISTICS OF BARLEY

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Sosulski ◽  
V. M. Bendelow
Keyword(s):  
Relative Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Principal Effect ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Yield Responses

The average yields of six barley varieties grown under no, light and heavy irrigation were 33.2, 58.7, and 73.7 bu per acre, respectively. Light irrigation increased grain yields, plant height, lodging, and days to maturity. Heavy irrigation had its principal effect in increasing kernel size and malt extract, and in decreasing the saccharifying activity. The gram nitrogen content decreased with increasing soil moisture level.Husky outyielded the other varieties in the irrigated treatments but was low in soluble nitrogen and enzyme activity. Irrigation improved the malting properties of Parkland and Montcalm but their yield responses were not large. Betzes and Hannchen showed a greater relative increase in malt extract percentages due to irrigation and, because of their high grain yields, appeared to be useful alternatives to the feed barleys for the irrigated districts of Western Canada.

VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN BARLEYS AND MALTS: XIV. INTERVARIETAL RELATIONS BETWEEN WORT PROPERTIES AND BARLEY AND MALT PROPERTIES

1945 ◽  
Vol 23f (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. S. Meredith ◽  
H. R. Sallans
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Malting Loss

Data representing 24 barley varieties grown at six experimental stations in Canada were used to examine intervarietal relations among wort properties (degree of attenuation, viscosity, initial turbidity, final turbidity, and stability) and a number of barley, malting, and malt properties.The wort properties show significant associations with malt extract, saccharifying activity (Lintner value), and wort nitrogen, and also with barley salt-soluble nitrogen, hours steep, and malting loss, but they are not significantly related to barley starch, extract, or Lintner value after activation with papain. Degree of attenuation and stability increase, while viscosity and turbidity decrease, with increases in malt extract, saccharifying activity, wort nitrogen, barley salt-soluble nitrogen, and malting loss. It is concluded that the wort qualities are dependent on the development of enzymes in the growing barley and hence they reflect the extent of malt modification.Only one of the correlation coefficients is of such magnitude that a single malt property can be regarded as a measure of a wort property. This is the coefficient (r =.842) between wort nitrogen and wort viscosity. The other associations discussed, though significant, are loose, and it is concluded that wort properties cannot be adequately predicted from the commonly measured barley and malt properties.It is suggested that the results of quality tests on laboratory worts give information of value in assessing the quality of brewery worts.

Agronomic response to seeding rate of two- and six-rowed barley cultivars in central Alberta

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Jedel ◽  
J. H. Helm
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Yield Responses

Little information is available on the response of two-rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars to seeding rate in central Alberta. The objective of this research was to compare the effects of seeding rates of 129–344 seeds m−2 (50–140 kg ha−1) on the agronomic response of two- and six-rowed barley grown in central Alberta. Grain yields of 5.8–6.1 t ha−1 were not affected by seeding rates in 1990 and 1991 at Lacombe. As seeding rates increased in 1992, grain yields at Lacombe increased from 6.4 to 7.8 t ha−1; at Olds, from 3.5 to 4.0 t ha−1; and at Botha for the 129 seeds m−2 treatment, yields were only 5.5 t ha−1, compared with 5.8 to 6.0 t ha−1 for the other treatments. Effects of seeding rate on test and kernel weights varied between location–years. Tiller numbers m−2 were found to increase at higher seeding rates for the two-rowed cultivars, Abee and Harrington, while for the six-rowed cultivars, Noble and Virden, these numbers remained constant. Node numbers spike−1 decreased with higher seeding rates for both two- and six-rowed cultivars. There was little effect of seeding rate on kernel number spike−1 for the two-rowed cultivars, while for the six-rowed cultivars this number decreased. Although the two- and six-rowed cultivars differed in their partitioning of yield and the effects of seeding rates on these components, their yield responses to seeding rate did not differ. Recommended seeding rates for barley in central Alberta should be above 129 seeds m−2 (50 kg ha−1). To maintain high kernel and test weights, seeding rates for barley grown in central Alberta for malt quality should range from 172 to 258 seeds m−2. When conditions warrant accelerated development, seeding rates of 300 or more seeds m−2 should be used. Key words:Hordeum vulgare, management, yield components

An Overview of the Interdiffusion Studies in Mo-Si and W-Si Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Soumitra Roy ◽  
Soma Prasad ◽  
Aloke Paul
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reactive Diffusion ◽  
Refractory Elements ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Diffusion Rates

The growth of phases by reactive diffusion in Mo-Si and W-Si systems are compared. The crystal structures of MSi2 and M5Si3 phases (M = Mo, W) are similar in these two systems. However, the diffusion rates of the components change systematically with a change in the atomic number. Integrated diffusion coefficients in both phases increase with an increasing atomic number of refractory elements i.e. from Mo to W. On the other hand, the ratio of diffusivities of the components decreases. This indicates a relative increase in the diffusion rates of the metal components with increasing atomic number and a difference in defects concentrations in these two systems.

Magmatic evolution of the Gaussberg lamproite (Antarctica): volatile content and glass composition

2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Salvioli-Mariani ◽  
L. Toscani ◽  
D. Bersani
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Melt Inclusions ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Residual Liquid ◽  
Volatile Content ◽  
Magmatic Evolution ◽  
Ultrapotassic Rock

AbstractThe lamproite of Gaussberg is an ultrapotassic rock where leucite, olivine and clinopyroxene microphenocrysts occur in a glass-rich groundmass, containing microliths of leucite, clinopyroxene, apatite, phlogopite and rare K-richterite.Abundant silicate melt inclusions occur in olivine, leucite and, rarely, in clinopyroxene microphenocrysts. Raman investigations on melt inclusions showed the presence of pure CO2 in the shrinkage bubbles. On the other hand, the glass of the groundmass is CO2-poor and contains up to 0.70 wt.% of dissolved H2O, as estimated by infrared spectra. It is inferred that CO2 was released at every stage of evolution of the lamproite magma (CO2-rich shrinkage bubbles), whereas H2O was retained for longer in the liquid. At Gaussberg, CO2 seems to have a major role at relatively high pressure where it favoured the crystallization of H2O-poor microphenocrysts; the uprise of the magma to the surface decreased the solubility of CO2 and caused a relative increase in water activity. As a consequence, phlogopite and K-richterite appeared in the groundmass.The glass composition of both the groundmass and melt inclusions suggests different evolutions for the residual liquids of the investigated samples. Sample G886 shows the typical evolution of a lamproite magma, where the residual liquid evolves toward peralkaline and Na-rich composition and crystallizes K-richterite in the latest stage. Sample G895 derives from mixing/mingling of different batches of magma; effectively glasses from melt inclusions in leucite and clinopyroxene are more alkaline than those found in early crystallized olivine. Leucite and clinopyroxene crystallized early from a relatively more alkaline batch of lamproite magma and, successively, a less alkaline, olivinebearing magma batch assimilated them during its rise to the surface.

scholarly journals Evaluation of crushing grains of different cultures by bucket elevator

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
Шатохин ◽  
Ivan Shatokhin ◽  
Парфенов ◽  
Aleksey Parfenov
Keyword(s):  
Relative Increase ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Grain Crushing ◽  
Grain Handling ◽  
Bucket Elevator ◽  
Processing Line ◽  
Different Cultures

One of the factors ensuring sufficient grain is the use of high quality seeds for sowing and harvest preservation at all stages of production. In this case, important value has such indicator of quality of grain, as its damage. According to many researchers grain passing through the machines during post-harvest processing, often has more physical damage than the incoming for processing. When used for sowing seeds is mechanically damaged grain yields is sharply reduced. Under adverse conditions 1 % of injured seeds leads to lower grain yields for 30-50 kg / ha. In this connection, we evaluated the quality of grain handling in terms of crushing of various cultures on the production line of winnowing machine ЗАВ-40 in LLC "Fakel" of Petropavlovsky district of the Voronezh region. The results of crushing grain in bucket elevators during its processing at grain cleaning unit ЗАВ-40 are presented. Also the results of the relative increase in grain crushing in bucket elevators during its processing at grain cleaning unit ЗАВ-40 are presented. It has been established that the considered processing line of postharvest processing of grain should be improved by reducing the number of elevators, or, in extreme cases, opportunities to modernize the elevator in order to reduce damage to the grain should be sought. Moreover, these activities will be particularly significant in the processing of grain and seeds with low strength of the casing, which can be attributed, and sunflower. This fact suggests that the farms must have grain cleaning units not only for the processing of food and seed grain, but also sunflower.

scholarly journals Effect of Cutting and Storage on Acetate and Nonacetate Esters in Convenient, Ready-to-eat Fresh-cut Melons and Apples

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Decrease ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Postharvest Life ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Harvest Regimes ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Volatile Esters

Examples from various harvest regimes, storage regimes, cultivars and different packaging methods are presented to characterize volatile ester differences after cutting and how changes occur in characteristic flavors throughout the postharvest life of certain cut fruit products. In many fresh-cut cantaloupe cultivars and in honeydew, there was a relative increase in nonacetates and coinciding relative decrease in acetates during storage. A similar and consistent nonacetate:acetate ester ratio was conserved in cantaloupe from eastern and western U.S. regions, as well as different cultivars from the same field. Furthermore, similar ratios were observed in many melon cultivars over multiple years from different seasons and growing regions. Since many cultivars exhibited similar trends in 2-year repeated studies, the trend is apparently independent of year and season. Fresh-cut `Gala' apples, on the other hand, displayed a slightly different trend whereby both acetates and nonacetate esters decreased appreciably during storage. The hypothesis is put forward that recycling of esters during storage in certain fresh-cut fruits disturbs the delicate fine balance of characteristic volatiles. Consistently decreasing acetates along with increasing nonacetates could alter the overall perceived desirable flavor attributes during fresh-cut melon storage, even though volatile esters are still abundant.

scholarly journals Effects of plant growth regulator applications on malting barley in western Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-665
Author(s):  
B.D. Tidemann ◽  
J.T. O’Donovan ◽  
M. Izydorczyk ◽  
T.K. Turkington ◽  
L. Oatway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Malt Quality ◽  
Days To Maturity

Malting barley is important in western Canada, yet many malting cultivars do not meet malt quality standards, in part due to lodging. Lodging can decrease barley yield and quality thereby reducing the acceptability for malting. In other countries, plant growth regulator (PGR) applications are used to mitigate lodging. Chlormequat chloride (chlormequat), trinexapac-ethyl (trinexapac), and ethephon were tested at five locations over 3 yr in western Canada for their ability to limit lodging, as well as their effects on yield, agronomic traits, and pre-malt quality characteristics. PGR applications occurred between Zadoks growth stage (GS) 30–33 for chlormequat and trinexapac and GS 37–49 for ethephon. Seeding rates of 200, 300, and 400 seeds m−2 of CDC Copeland barley were used to increase the likelihood of lodging. Increased seeding rate decreased tillers per plant, height, days to maturity, kernel protein, and kernel weight. Ethephon increased the number of tillers per plant and decreased plant height, kernel plumpness, and kernel weight. Trinexapac decreased plant height and kernel weight. Days to maturity was investigated across site-years, with ethephon increasing maturity in 60% of comparisons. Trinexapac and chlormequat had limited effects on maturity. Lodging was investigated across site-years, with trinexapac showing the largest number of lodging reductions and scale of reductions. Ethephon reduced lodging in 36% of comparisons, while chlormequat had inconsistent effects. None of the products affected yield or grain protein. The results suggest PGRs may not be the solution to lodging for CDC Copeland barley on the Canadian Prairies; however, trinexapac shows the most promise of the products tested.

THE RELATION BETWEEN NATURAL FECUNDITY AND RESPONSE TO FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE

1962 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE McLAREN
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Principal Effect ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY A study was made of the response to induced ovulation of female mice from strains in which the spontaneous ovulation rate had increased as a result of artificial selection for litter size. In response to standard doses of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) within the physiological range, the number of eggs shed differed significantly among the three strains tested, in the direction expected on the basis of their spontaneous ovulation rates. This indicates that the principal effect of selection has been to increase the sensitivity of the ovary to FSH. In one strain, the possibility remains open that there may also have been some increase in the amount of FSH available. In response to larger doses of FSH, females from the strain with the highest spontaneous ovulation rate shed significantly fewer eggs than the other two groups. Selection must therefore have altered the shape of the dose-response curve, increasing the ovarian response at low levels of hormone and decreasing it at high levels.

Phosphorus, sulphur, and molybdenum deficiencies in soils from eastern Australia in relation to nutrient supply and some characteristics of soil and climate.

1955 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Sulphur Deficiency ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Western Victoria

Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) was grown on 32 virgin soils in pot cultures, and the yield responses to phosphorus, sulphur, and molybdenum were determined for each soil. The soils were collected from a wide area in eastern Australia, extending from south-western Victoria to southern Queensland. Sulphur deficiency occurred almost as frequently as phosphorus deficiency. In fact, 75 per cent. of the soils were deficient in both phosphorus and sulphur. Thirty-one per cent. were deficient in all three elements. The effect of the interaction between the elements on the occurrence and intensity of the deficiencies is shown. Molybdenum responses were obtained only after the other deficiencies had been corrected. A deficiency in one of the elements is no indication of deficiency or sufficiency of either of the other two. There was no correlation between the occurrence or intensity of the deficiencies and the geological origin of the soil parent material, the climate of the regions from which the soils were collected, or such soil characters as colour, organic matter, and texture. Responses to phosphorus were less on the black earths than on the red or yellow podzolic soils; those on the red earths were intermediate. The intensity of sulphur deficiency increased, and the intensity of molybdenum deficiency decreased, with increasing soil pH.

Intercellular Glycosaminoglycans in Human Cancer

1979 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Cella ◽  
Gabriella Fibbi ◽  
Cristina Cantini ◽  
Zita Del Panta ◽  
Simonetta Vannucchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Neoplastic Transformation ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis ◽  
Consistent Feature

Intercellular glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from various tissues were analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and enzymatic treatment with specific mucopolysaccharidases. Each tissue exhibits a particular composition of sulfated and unsulfated molecular species. Invariably, malignant human neoplasias and their metastases show striking variations in the electrophoretic pattern typical of the corresponding normal tissue. An absolute or relative increase in surface ChS A/C and HA seems to be a consistent feature of neoplastic transformation. On the other hand, the GAGs composition of benign noninfiltrative tumors does not vary greatly with respect to the original normal tissue.

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