EFFECTS OF SEED INOCULATION METHODS WITH PEAT-BASED RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI ON ALFALFA

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
UMESH C. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Uniform Manner

Saranac alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was grown on Charlottetown fine sandy loam (CHFSL) and Culloden sandy loam (CSL) in the greenhouse and field. Uninoculated, inoculated with peat-based rhizobia (I), inoculated and molybdenum-treated (IMo), inoculated and lime-coated (ILC), and inoculated, lime-coated and Mo-treated (ILCMo) seeds were included. At soil pH 5.0 and 5.3 in the greenhouse, the dry weights of alfalfa ranged from 214 to 727 mg/plant in the four cuttings from the ILC and ILCMo seed. The dry weights of alfalfa from the I and IMo seed were 1.3 to 99.7% of those from the ILCMo seed. Alfalfa from the ILC and ILCMo seed was well nodulated, whereas I and IMo seed resulted in poor nodulation. The 1973 field experiment showed that ILC and ILCMo seed at soil pH 5.5 and 5.6 resulted in alfalfa dry matter (DM) yields of 4,050 and 4,830 kg/ha which were equal to DM yields from plots with a pH of 6.0 and 6.1 seeded with inoculated seed. In plots with pH 5.5 and 5.6, total DM yields from I and IMo seed were 26.0–49.7% lower than those from ILCMo seed. In 1972, seed treatments on CHFSL at pH 5.6 did not influence the DM yields of alfalfa, whereas on CSL at pH 5.2 the crop failed to establish except from ILC and ILCMo seed and in limed plots at pH 5.9. In the first cutting, high N concentrations of alfalfa tissue coincided with good growth and good nodulation. The Mo concentrations of alfalfa tissue were not influenced in a uniform manner by seed treatments and varied from 0.11 to 0.49 ppm in the first cut tissue.

Kinetics of first-cutting regrowth of alfalfa plants and nitrogenase activity in a controlled environment with and without added nitrate

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2405-2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. H. Macdowall
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Meliloti Strain ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Acetylene Reducing Activity ◽  
Kinetics Of

Seedlings of Medicago sativa L. cv. Algonquin were grown in vermiculite and nodulated by Rhizobium meliloti strain 102F70 at two lower levels of N, until flowering when the tops were cut off to leave about 10% shoot stubble. Residual shoot dry matter immediately resumed first-order growth and maintained it throughout regrowth to second flowering. The rate constants of shoot regrowth were 34% lower (at 15 mM NO3−), 25% lower (at 1.5 mM NO3− symbiotically), or 220% higher (at zero NO3− symbiotically) than the values for 1 to 4-week-old seedlings, which indicated a radical change in physiology. Root dry matter resumed exponential growth after a 7-day recession and its recovery and yields were independent of N nutrition. The most pronounced minima occurred in the acetylene-reducing activity of nitrogenase, the kinetics of which paralleled root dry matter except that its redevelopment stopped after two-thirds of the regrowth time. The rate coefficient for the redevelopment of nitrogenase activity equalled that for its development during the seedling stage, which suggested unchanged limitations on that process until its redevelopment stopped.

Comparison of Two Nematode Formulations for Black Turfgrass Ataenius Control, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 371-371
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Swier ◽  
Alan Rollins ◽  
Bryan Carney
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Country Club

Abstract This trial was conducted at Wentworth-By-The-Sea Country Club, New Castle, NH. All treatments were applied to a fairway on 15 Jul on 7 X 7 ft plots, 5 replicates per treatment, using an RCB design with 1 -ft buffers between plots. Treatments were applied with a 2-wheel bicycle-type CO2 boom sprayer equipped with 4 spray heads, fitted with a 50-mesh strainer and an 8004 fan-type nozzle. The volume of water and insecticide mix per plot was 2 gal/1000 ft2 delivered at 40 psi. The entire trial was irrigated with 1/2 inch of water immediately after application. Weather conditions at time of application were as follows: air temp, 72°F; sky, cloudy; wind, strong breeze. Soil conditions were as follows: surface temp, 70°F; at 1-inch depth, 71°F; at 2-inch depth, 71°F; texture, sandy loam; sand, 67%; silt, 27%; clay, 6%, soil pH, 6.0; dry matter, 74%; moisture, 26%; organic matter, 12%; thatch depth, 1/4 inch. The trial was rated on 5 Aug. A Ryan 12” sod cutter was used to cut a strip to a depth of 3/4 inch. A 1 ft2 piece of sod was pealed back, and live grubs were counted.

Soil and alfalfa response after amelioration of subsoil acidity in a fine sandy loam Podzol in Prince Edward Island

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Carter ◽  
J. E. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Deep Placement ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Subsoil Acidity ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Over Time

Subsoils in Prince Edward Island have poor chemical and often physical quality for root growth that may present a barrier to development of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). This study was conducted to characterise the response or benefit, on soil properties and alfalfa growth, of chemical amelioration and loosening of the subsoil. In 1987, the following three treatments were imposed on an acidic, fine sandy loam, Humo-Ferric Podzol: control (no subsoiling or lime), subsoiling alone, and subsoiling plus lime (5 Mg ha−1 dry CaCO3) mixed into the subsoil. The subsoiler was a Wye Double-Digger, a combined plough and rotary cultivator that facilitated the mixing of lime into the soil over the 230–480 mm depth. Management of the 0–200 mm soil depth was the same for all treatments. Growth of alfalfa and change in soil properties were monitored over time. In 2 of 4 yr (1991–1994), alfalfa yield was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by the subsoil plus lime treatment, compared with subsoiling alone or the control. Yield increases were related to periods of low growing season precipitation. Subsoil amelioration increased alfalfa root penetration (by 90 mm) and reduced leaf Mn concentration. Over an 8-yr period (1987–1994), soil exchangeable Ca was increased over fourfold, while exchangeable Al was decreased threefold in the ameliorated subsoil, compared with the control. Soil pH (in water) was increased from 4.8 to near 6.0. There was some evidence that liming of the topsoil improved the subsoil chemistry over time. Bulk density and penetrometer resistance contours, measured over time, indicated that the soil loosening effect was sustained throughout the soil profile over the duration of the study. Soil biological properties were not changed by the subsoil treatments. Key words: Subsoil acidity, podzol, lime, deep placement, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), cool-humid climate

Sorption and Mobility of Chlorimuron in Alabama Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Goetz ◽  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
Ben F. Hajek
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Solution Technique ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Soil thin-layer chromatography and a soil solution technique were used to evaluate chlorimuron adsorption and mobility in five Alabama soils. The order of adsorption was atrazine > metribuzin > chlorimuron; mobility was chlorimuron > metribuzin > atrazine. The order of adsorption of chlorimuron in the five soils was Sumter clay > Eutaw clay > Lucedale fine sandy loam > Decatur silt loam > Dothan sandy loam, and Rfvalues were 0.63, 0.73, 0.69, 0.76, and 0.80, respectively. Chlorimuron mobility and adsorption were not highly correlated to any one soil type. Adsorption of all herbicides was inversely related to soil pH. Maximum chlorimuron adsorption in the Hiwassee loam was attributed to the high hematite and gibbsite content of the soil.

EFFECT OF VARIOUS RATES OF LIMING AND FERTILIZATION ON CERTAIN CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A STRONGLY ACID SOIL AND ON THE ESTABLISHMENT, YIELD, BOTANICAL, AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF A FORAGE MIXTURE

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. MacLeod ◽  
F. W. Calder ◽  
R. F. Bishop ◽  
C. R. MacEachern
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone

In a field experiment, application of increasing rates of dolomitic limestone and 0-20-20 fertilizer to a strongly acid sandy loam produced marked changes in the chemical properties of the soil and in the composition and yield of a forage mixture grown thereon. The magnitude of the changes decreased as rates of limestone and fertilizer increased.Liming the soil caused decreases in exchangeable K and in Al extractable with N KCl. The latter change was particularly marked when soil pH was raised from 4.6 to 5.4.Legume species showed good establishment at all pH levels above 5.4 and relative sward density was highest at a pH of 6.2 to 6.6.Irrespective of fertilization rate dry-matter yields of forage were practically doubled by the 2.5-ton rate of limestone which changed soil pH from 4.6 to 5.4. There were also marked yield increases from fertilizer regardless of liming rate. The data further show that optimum yields resulted from liming to pH 6.0–6.5 and application of 400 lb per acre of 0-20-20.

Competition of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum) with Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Snipes ◽  
Gale A. Buchanan ◽  
Joe E. Street ◽  
John A. Mcguire
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Density Regression

To determine the competitiveness of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) with cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. 'Stoneville 213′), experiments were conducted on a Lucedale fine sandy loam from 1978 through 1980. Common cocklebur dry weight increased with increasing density up to 16 plants/15 m of row. No further increase in dry matter occurred beyond this density. Regression analysis showed that common cocklebur produced an average of 342 kg/ha of dry weight for each plant per 15-m row. Seed-cotton yields decreased as weed density increased up to 16 common cocklebur plants/15 m of row. Regression equations revealed yield losses ranging from 72 to 115 kg/ha for hand-harvested seed cotton and 57 to 90 kg/ha for machine-harvested seed cotton for each common cocklebur plant/15 m of row. Cotton stem diameter and height were reduced by weed competition in the same manner as seed cotton yields, but reductions were not as pronounced, indicating that these parameters were not good indicators of common cocklebur competition.

Influence of Soil pH on Persistence of Atrazine in the Field

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Hiltbold ◽  
G.A. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Unit Increase

Persistence of 1.12, 2.24, and 3.36 kg/ha of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] applied preemergence to corn (Zea maysL. ‘Funk's 4761′) was determined in three soils, each providing a range of pH from 5 to 7. Samples of surface soil from each plot were collected at intervals after atrazine application until there was no evidence of phytotoxicity to oat (Avena sativaL. ‘Florida 501′) in bioassay. Persistence (Y50) was defined as the number of days following atrazine application until bioassay indicated 50% relative growth of oats (no atrazine = 100% growth). This period ranged from 24 to 178 days, depending upon soil type, pH, and atrazine rate. Persistence of atrazine increased with increasing soil pH. The effect of soil pH was essentially the same at each atrazine rate and did not vary appreciably with years in a given soil. In McLaurin sandy loam, atrazine persisted 8 to 9 days longer with each unit increase in soil pH. In Hartsells fine sandy loam and Decatur silt loam, atrazine persistence increased 9 to 13 days and 29 days, respectively, with each unit pH.

PERFORMANCE OF Rhizobium meliloti STRAINS SELECTED FOR LOW-pH TOLERANCE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. RICE
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Ph Tolerance

Twelve strains of Rhizobium meliloti were examined for their ability to nodulate alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and fix nitrogen under acid soil conditions. The strains were separated into a low-pH-sensitive group and a low-pH-tolerant group on the basis of plant dry matter yields in greenhouse experiments. The dry matter yields of alfalfa inoculated with the low-pH-tolerant strains were 5.9, 10.0 and 1.3 times greater than the yields with the low-pH-sensitive strains at soil pH 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0, respectively. Yields of alfalfa at soil pH 6.7 were the same for both groups. Four strains were selected from the low-pH-tolerant group for further evaluation. Plant yield, nitrogen fixation, specific nitrogenase activity, nodule number and nodule weight were measured for each strain in relation to soil pH, inoculum level and alfalfa cultivar. Soil pH, inoculum level and cultivar had significant effects on most of the characteristics measured. There were no significant differences in yield and nitrogen fixation within the four strains, and only minor differences in nodule number, nodule weight and specific nitrogenase activity. The low-pH-tolerant strains were competitive with indigenous strains and effective on a range of alfalfa cultivars. Inoculation rates at 105 rhizobia per seed were required to obtain maximum effect from the applied inoculum. R. meliloti strains selected for low-pH tolerance provide the potential for substantially increasing alfalfa yields on moderately acid soils.

ALFALFA VARIETIES ZONED IN THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
The State ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
State Register ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties ◽  
Central Chernozem

The article describes the main morphological and biological features of alfalfa varieties included in the State register of breeding achievements approved for use in the Central Chernozem zone of Russia. A total of 32 alfalfa varieties are included in the State register. This is 9 varieties of blue alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. subsp. Sativa) of domestic selection and 8 foreign, 11 varieties of variable alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. nothosubsp. varia (Martyn) Arcang.) domestic selection and 1 variety of foreign and 3 varieties of yellow alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang.). It shows the average and maximum yield of varieties determined in the process of state variety testing, as well as independent evaluation in research institutions in the region. Varieties of blue alfalfa of domestic selection Kevsala, Elena, Satellite, Vavilovskaya Yubileynaya were the most productive. The average yield of dry matter of these varieties reaches 8.4–9.2 t/ha, the maximum — 15.3–17.7 t/ha. Alfalfa varieties Timbale and Galaxy were the most productive among foreign varieties: the average yield of dry matter was 8.1 and 8.3 t/ha, the maximum – 15.5 and 17.2 t/ha. Varieties of alfalfa variable Vitalina and Vela provided an average yield of dry matter of 7.6 and 9.0 t/ha, the maximum yield reached 15.4 and 18.1 t/ha.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document