CROPPING MIXTURES OF FIELD PEAS AND CEREALS IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. JOHNSTON ◽  
J. B. SANDERSON ◽  
J. A. MACLEOD
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Mixed Crops

The influence of cultivating field peas (Pisum sativum L.) with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oats (Avena sativa L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), on pea disease severity, total seed, and protein yields was determined in a 2-yr study. Pea disease severity was reduced in mixed cropping systems in direct proportion to the amount of peas in the stands. Larger pea seed was produced with decreasing pea plant populations in mixtures. Higher concentrations of protein in the companion cereal and higher proportions of peas in the harvest mixtures resulted in increased protein yields with increasing percentages of peas seeded. Total seed and protein yields were equalled or increased in mixed crops over that of pure stands of the respective cultivars. Mixed cropping of field peas and cereals is offered as an alternate method of protein production for on-farm use.

scholarly journals THE ZINC FERTILITY OF SASKATCHEWAN SOILS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. SINGH ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART ◽  
R. E. KARAMANOS
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Extractable Zn

Current criteria for predicting zinc (Zn) deficiency in Saskatchewan soils are based on DTPA-extractable Zn values. DTPA-extractable Zn levels in 12% of 1200 samples taken across Saskatchewan contained less than 0.5 mg Zn kg−1 soil and would be classified as potentially Zn deficient. However, 23 field trials in 1982, 1983 and 1984 with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), lentils (Lens esculenta Moench.), peas (Pisum sativum L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), corn (Zea mays L.) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) produced only one significant response to Zn fertilization. No yield benefits due to either annual or residual application of Zn fertilizer were obtained even on high lime soils or those containing DTPA-extractable Zn levels below 0.5 mg kg−1 soil. Hence, current soil criteria to identify Zn deficiencies under the prevailing cropping systems must be revised to reflect these findings. Key words: DTPA-extractable Zn, crop response, critical level

Cropping systems for annual forage production in northeast Saskatchewan

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. McCartney ◽  
L. Townley-Smith ◽  
A. Vaage ◽  
J. Pearen
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Herbage production for silage and pasture production of annual species was investigated near Melfort in northeastern Saskatchewan. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) were seeded as spring monocrops (SMC) and in binary intercrop (IC) mixtures with fall species including winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), fall rye (Secale cereale L.), winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack L.), biennial Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and annual Westerwolds ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Fall species were also seeded as monocrops (FMC). Silage Spring harvest occurred when barley (early-silage cut) and oats (late-silage cut) reached soft dough stage and again late in the autumn. An additional deferred grazing (DG) treatment containing each one fall species was harvested once in the autumn. Mean ranking of spring herbage silage yield was Oat-SMC (100%) > Oat-IC (91%) > Barley-SMC (83%) = Barley-IC (78%) > late-cut FMC (53%) > early-cut FMC (42%) (P ≤ 0.001). SilageSpring herbage yield of IC combinations was similar, but FMCs containing annual ryegrass were 26% to 34% (P ≤ .01) greater than other treatments. Crude protein content (g kg-1) was 14 to 35% higher (P ≤ 0.001) in IC systems than the corresponding SMC. Neutraleutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) content (g kg-1) of barley based systems was 15 and 22% lower (P ≤ 0.001) than those with oats. Ranking and relative productivity for fall pasture was DG (100%) > early-cut FMC (67%) > late-cut FMC (49%) > Barley-IC (30%) > Oat-IC (24%) = Barley-SMC (14%) (P ≤ 0.001). Cropping systems that contained no spring cereal produced 2.37-fold higher (P ≤ 0.001) fall pasture yield than those with spring cereals. Among FMCs, ICs and DG systems, mean yield of ryegrass treatments were generally higher (P ≤ 0.05) than that of fall cereals. Key words: Annual forage, deferred grazing, intercrop, monocrop

Long-term influence of cropping systems, tillage methods, and N sources on nitrate leaching

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Izaurralde ◽  
Y. Feng ◽  
J. A. Robertson ◽  
W. B. McGill ◽  
N. G. Juma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Forest Sites

The extent of nitrate leaching in cultivated soils of Alberta is unknown. We studied how long- and short-term agricultural practices influenced nitrate leaching in a cryoboreal subhumid soil-climate of north-central Alberta. The study used plots from three crop rotation-tillage studies at Breton on an Orthic Gray Luvisol, and from one at Ellerslie on an Orthic Black Chernozem. Soil samples were taken in the fall of 1993 from selected treatments as well as native forest sites in 0.3-m depth increments from 0 to 3.9 m and analyzed for NO3-N. No NO3− were found under native forest vegetation. NO3-N accumulated below 0.9-m depth of agricultural ecosystems cultivated for as long as 64 yr ranged from 0 to 67 kg N ha−1. At Breton, fallow-wheat rotation plots receiving fertilizer N and manure contained eight times more NO3-N below 0.9 m depth than non-fertilized plots. NO3-N levels in an 8-yr legume-based rotation and in continuous-barley plots were similar but greater than in continuous-forage plots. Eighty-seven percent of NO3− found under continuous barley occurred below the root zone compared with only 35% in the 8-yr rotation. At Ellerslie, NO3-N mass was related to fertilizer N and mineralization of soil organic matter. Increased efforts should be directed towards better synchronizing N release from or addition to soils with plant uptake. Evidence of greater nitrate leaching under zero tillage than under conventional warrants further confirmation. Key words: Nitrogen loss, fallow, Hordeum vulgare L., Triticum aestivum L., manure, legumes, synthetic fertilizer

scholarly journals Reduction of Rhizoctonia Bare Patch in Wheat with Barley Rotations

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Schillinger ◽  
T. C. Paulitz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Bare Patch ◽  
White Wheat ◽  
No Till ◽  
Hard White Wheat

Rhizoctonia bare patch caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 is a major fungal root disease in no-till cropping systems. In an 8-year experiment comparing various dryland no-till cropping systems near Ritzville, WA, Rhizoctonia bare patch first appeared in year 3 and continued unabated through year 8. Crop rotation had no effect on bare patch during the first 5 years. However, from years 6 to 8, both soft white and hard white classes of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a 2-year rotation with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) had an average of only 7% of total land area with bare patches compared with 15% in continuous annual soft white wheat or hard white wheat (i.e., monoculture wheat). In years 6 to 8, average grain yield of both soft white wheat and hard white wheat were greater (P < 0.001) when grown in rotation with barley than in monoculture. Although both classes of wheat had less bare patch area and greater grain yield when grown in rotation with barley, monoculture hard white wheat was more severely affected by Rhizoctonia than soft white wheat. Soil water levels were higher in bare patches, indicating that roots of healthy cereals did not grow into or underneath bare patch areas. This is the first documentation of suppression of Rhizoctonia bare patch disease in low-disturbance no-till systems with rotation of cereal crops.

Cropping systems for spring and winter cereals under simulated pasture: Yield and yield distribution

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Baron ◽  
A. C. Dick ◽  
H. G. Najda ◽  
D. F. Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Jointing Stage ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

Annual crops are used routinely for pasture in many parts of the world, but in Alberta they are used primarily to offset feed shortages. Experiments were conducted during 1987 and 1988 at Lacombe, Alberta under dryland conditions and at Brooks, Alberta under irrigation to determine the feasibility of using spring-planted combinations of spring and winter cereals to extend the grazing season. Treatments for simulated grazing were spring oat (Avena sativa L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) monocrops (SMC), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) monocrops (WMC), spring and winter cereal binary mixtures, seeded together in the spring (intercrop-IC) and the winter cereal seeded after one clipping of the spring cereal (double crop-DC). Clippings were initiated at the jointing stage of the spring cereals and were repeated at intervals of 4 wk. The SMC produced the highest yields during the first two cuts (mid-June and mid-July), but regrowth declined thereafter. The WMC generally had superior yields after mid-July. The IC yield was similar to the higher of the SMC or WMC at any cut with more uniform productivity over the growing season. The DC was inferior to the IC for late summer and fall production. Averaged over years the IC produced 92 and 87% as much DM in the fall as the WMC at Lacombe and Brooks, respectively. Yield totalled over all cuts resulted in the sequence IC > WMC > DC > SMC. The IC is a feasible season-long pasture system under irrigation in southern Alberta and under rain-fed conditions in central Alberta. Key words: Cereals, double-crop, intercrop, monocrop, pasture, yields

scholarly journals Biosolids Benefit Yield and Nitrogen Uptake in Winter Cereals without Excess Risk of N Leaching

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Silvia Pampana ◽  
Alessandro Rossi ◽  
Iduna Arduini
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Winter Cereals

Winter cereals are excellent candidates for biosolid application because their nitrogen (N) requirement is high, they are broadly cultivated, and their deep root system efficiently takes up mineral N. However, potential N leaching from BS application can occur in Mediterranean soils. A two-year study was conducted to determine how biosolids affect biomass and grain yield as well as N uptake and N leaching in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), and oat (Avena byzantina C. Koch). Cereals were fertilized at rates of 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha−1 dry weight (called B5, B10, and B15, respectively) of biosolids (BS). Mineral-fertilized (MF) and unfertilized (C) controls were included. Overall, results highlight that BS are valuable fertilizers for winter cereals as these showed higher yields with BS as compared to control. Nevertheless, whether 5 Mg ha−1 of biosolids could replace mineral fertilization still depended on the particular cereal due to the different yield physiology of the crops. Moreover, nitrate leaching from B5 was comparable to MF, and B15 increased the risk by less than 30 N-NO3 kg ha−1. We therefore concluded that with specific rate settings, biosolid application can sustain yields of winter cereals without significant additional N leaching as compared to MF.

Coconut-gliricidia mixed cropping systems improve soil nutrients in dry and wet regions of Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. S. T. Raveendra ◽  
Sarath P. Nissanka ◽  
Deepakrishna Somasundaram ◽  
Anjana J. Atapattu ◽  
Sylvanus Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Mixed Cropping

VARIATION IN PATHOGENICITY BETWEEN ISOLATES OF CLAVICEPS PURPUREA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. DARLINGTON ◽  
D. E. MATHRE ◽  
R. H. JOHNSTON
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Weakly Virulent ◽  
Grass Hosts

Isolates of Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. originally isolated from many different grass hosts in the northern Great Plains and several other areas in the United States and England were tested for their pathogenicity to selected cultivars or lines of male-sterile wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). While there was a great range in the level of virulence, no clear-cut evidence of specific races was obtained. A few isolates were weakly virulent on two cultivars of male-sterile spring wheat but were highly virulent on the other two cultivars tested. Wheat and barley breeders are advised to use a mixture of isolates in screening germ plasm for resistance to ergot.

COLD HARDENING AND DEHARDENING RESPONSES IN WINTER WHEAT AND WINTER BARLEY

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. POMEROY ◽  
C. J. ANDREWS ◽  
G. FEDAK
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Time Required

Increasing the duration of freezing of Kharkov winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) demonstrated that severe injury does not occur to plants at a freezing temperature (−6 C) well above the lethal temperature for at least 5 days, but progressively more damage occurs as the temperature approaches the killing point (−20 C). High levels of cold hardiness can be induced rapidly in Kharkov winter wheat if seedlings are grown for 4–6 days at 15 C day/10 C night, prior to being exposed to hardening conditions including diurnal freezing to −2 C. The cold hardiness of Kharkov and Rideau winter wheat seedlings grown from 1-yr-old seed was greater than that from 5-yr-old seed. Cold-acclimated Kharkov winter wheat and Dover winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) demonstrated the capacity to reharden after varying periods under dehardening conditions. The time required to reharden and the maximum level of hardiness attained by the plants was dependent on the amount of dehardening. Considerable rehardening was observed even when both dehardening and rehardening were carried out in the dark.

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