THE EFFECT OF SHADE STRESS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CORN FOR SILAGE VERSUS GRAIN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. N. MBEWE ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Silage Production

A field study was conducted near Guelph, Ontario, to investigate the effects of shade stress on the yield of corn grown for silage versus grain. The effects of shading on the quality of whole-plant corn silage were also examined. Shade was provided by two layers of fiberglass screen, which reduced the amount of light by approximately 65%. The shade treatments were applied during either the vegetative, reproductive or grain-filling stages of development. Shading at any stage reduced whole-plant dry matter (WPDM) yield at the silage corn harvest stage and the level of this reduction was relatively independent of the stage at which the shade was applied. Grain DM yield at the grain harvest stage was also reduced by light stress, with the greatest reduction resulting from light stress during the reproductive stage. However, for silage production, high stover yield compensated for the reduction in grain yield, resulting in little reduction in whole-plant yield. Shading during either the reproductive or filling stage reduced WPDM content due to reduced grain content and higher stover moisture content.Key words: Corn, silage quality, whole-plant corn silage

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts in corn silage re-ensiled with bacterial inoculant

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Mateus Merlo Coelho ◽  
Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Kelly Moura Keller ◽  
Gustavo Vinícius de Souza dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of re-ensiling and bacterial inoculation on the quality of corn silage. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial design with or without inoculant (association of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici), and with re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure or only ensiling of the whole plant of 'BRS 1055' corn. The fermentative quality, nutritional parameters, dry matter losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts of silages were evaluated. Re-ensiling caused an increase of pH and in acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, as well as in the dry matter (DM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber crude protein contents. Conversely, there was a reduction in the nonfiber carbohydrates concentration and in in vitro dry matter digestibility for the re-ensiled material. All changes were explained by the higher-effluent production and DM loss of re-ensiled material that was subjected to two compactions. Microbiology was not altered by the treatments. The use of inoculant altered ash content, but it did not influence other parameters. In contrast, re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure caused a reduction in the nutritive value of corn silage and accentuated the DM losses.

scholarly journals Production and quality of corn silage with forage and pigeon peas in a crop-livestock system

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 861-876
Author(s):  
Vinicius Carreteiro Gomes ◽  
◽  
Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles ◽  
Ciniro Costa ◽  
Juliana da Silva Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Livestock System

The objective of this study was to evaluate maize in consortium with forage in a crop-livestock system for silage production, with subsequent formation of pasture. The experimental design comprised randomized blocks, with four replications, two types of corn cultivation, intercropped with two Brachiaria species (marandu grass and convert grass), and with and without intercropping with the pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) BRS Mandarin. Dry matter productivity, the morphological composition of the corn, the botanical composition of the Brachiaria and pigeon peas, and the bromatological composition of the silage and Brachiaria were evaluated, as well as the losses caused by effluents. The consortia did not interfere with the productivity of corn for silage, and the silage from the consortium with pigeon peas exhibited a higher concentration of crude protein, demonstrating that the modality of the integrated agricultural production system of corn culture with Brachiaria and pigeon peas is an alternative to increase the protein content of the ensiled material and provide greater diversity of the remaining forage.

scholarly journals Determination of the Use ofLactobacillus plantarumandPropionibacterium freudenreichiiApplication on Fermentation Profile and Chemical Composition of Corn Silage

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norafizah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Mohd Ridzwan Abd Halim ◽  
Noraniza Mahawi ◽  
Hazira Hasnudin ◽  
Jameel R. Al-Obaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Propionibacterium Freudenreichii ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Better Than

Corn was inoculated withLactobacillus plantarumandPropionibacterium freudenreichiisubsp.shermaniieither independently or as a mixture at ensiling, in order to determine the effect of bacterial additives on corn silage quality. Grain corn was harvested at 32–37% of dry matter and ensiled in a 4 L laboratory silo. Forage was treated as follows: bacterial types: B0 (without bacteria-control), B1(L. plantarum), B2 (P. freudenreichiisubsp.shermanii), and B3 (combination ofL. plantarumandP. freudenreichiisubsp.shermanii). Each 2 kg of chopped forage was treated with 10 mL of bacterial culture and allowed to ferment for 27 days. The first experiment determined the most suitable wavelength for detection of bacteria (490 nm and 419 nm for B1 and B2, resp.) and the preferable inoculation size (1 × 105 cfu/g). The second experiment analysed the effect of B1 and B2 applied singly or as a mixture on the fermentation characteristics and quality of corn silage.L. plantarumalone increased crude protein (CP) and reduced pH rapidly. In a mixture withP. freudenreichii, the final pH was the lowest compared to other treatments. As a mixture, inclusion of bacteria resulted in silage with lower digestibility than control. Corn silage treated withL. plantarumorP. freudenreichiieither alone or mixed together produced desirable silage properties; however, this was not significantly better than untreated silage.

scholarly journals Frecuencias de corte y niveles de fertilización nitrogenada en rendimiento y calidad del forrraje de morera (Morus sp.), en Cuyuta, Guatemala

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodríguez ◽  
Juan A. Quiñones ◽  
Rodrigo Arias
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Cutting Height

The trial was conducted at the Centro de Producción Agrícola of ICfA in Cuyuta, Escuintla-Guatemala in order to generate information on the yield and quality of edible mulberry (Morus sp.) roughage treatments consisted of three harvest frequencies (6; 9 and 12 weeks and three fertilization levels of nitrogen (0.40 and 80 kg/ha). A complete randomized block experimental design, with a factorial arrangement (3x3) was used. The cutting height was 0.3 m above the ground level with two sequencies: from August 2nd to September 13 th and from September 13th to December 6th, 1990. In both cases, the 12 week frequency cutting and 80 kg of N were superior to the others (P<=0.01), yielding 6.87 and 6.15 t/ha of dry matter respectively. The yields at 9 weeks were statistically higher than those at 6 weeks. The highest protein percentage of the whole plant, leaves and stalks were produced at 6 weeks. The dry matter digestibility values in vitro showed little variability among treatments, with averages for whole plants, leaves and stalks of 65, 91 and 41 %, respectively. The preceeding data suggests that the mulberry has an excellent potential as a balanced supplement (protein and energy) for dual purpose cattle on the Southern coast of Guatemala.

scholarly journals SILAGE QUALITY OF CORN AND SORGHUM ADDED WITH FORAGE PEANUTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALKÍRIA GUIMARÃES CARVALHO ◽  
KÁTIA APARECIDA DE PINHO COSTA ◽  
PATRÍCIA SOARES EPIFANIO ◽  
ROZANA CASTRO PERIM ◽  
DANIEL AUGUSTO ALVES TEIXEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Efficient Technique ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Sorghum Silage

ABSTRACT: Corn and sorghum are standard silage crops because of their fermentative characteristics. While corn and sorghum silages have lower crude protein (CP) contents than other crops, intercropping with legumes can increase CP content. Furthermore, one way to increase CP content is the addition of legumes to silage. Consequently, the research objective was to evaluate the fermentative and bromatological characteristics of corn (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) silages added with forage peanuts (Arachis pintoi). The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. The treatments consisted of corn silage, sorghum silage, forage peanut silage, corn silage with 30% forage peanut, and sorghum silage with 30% forage peanut. The results showed that the corn and sorghum added with peanut helped to improve the silage fermentative and bromatological characteristics, proving to be an efficient technique for silage quality. The forage peanut silage had lower fermentative characteristics than the corn and sorghum silages. However, the forage peanut silage had a greater CP content, which increased the protein contents of the corn and sorghum silages when intercropped with forage peanuts.

ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS OF SILAGES TREATED WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL FLIPOT ◽  
D. N. MOWAT ◽  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH ◽  
J. J. PARKINS
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Total N ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Corn Stover Silage ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Farm System

Two trials were conducted to investigate the effect of NaOH on the ensiling characteristics of corn and alfalfa forage. In one trial, NaOH was added at levels of 0, 2, 3, or 4% of dry matter (DM) to whole plant corn and 0 or 3% to corn stover, and ensiled in cryovac bags. In a second trial, 0 or 3% NaOH was added to whole plant corn or alfalfa (25–40% DM). In addition, alfalfa had molasses added at a level of 0 or 10% of the forage DM. Materials were ensiled in miniature silos of 250-ml capacity. Additions of NaOH to all forages increased silage pH (P < 0.05). Molasses may have some influence in limiting the rise in pH after addition of NaOH but the effect appears to be limited. Alkali treatment of corn stover silage and corn silage generally increased lactic acid production. Total-N of all silages tended to decrease with NaOH treatment. However, alkali treatment markedly reduced soluble-N with all forages (P < 0.05), except with corn stover. Molasses also reduced soluble-N (P < 0.05) with alfalfa silage of low DM content. Treating forages while ensiling would appear to represent a suitable on-farm system for alkali treatment.

scholarly journals Production, fermentation profile, and nutritional quality of silage from corn and soybean intercropping

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3143
Author(s):  
Karolyna Oliveira Marques ◽  
Adriano Jakelaitis ◽  
Kátia Cylene Guimarães ◽  
Leandro Spíndola Pereira ◽  
Isabella Sichierski Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Soybean Variety ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Energy Supplements

Forage seasonality makes farmers use conservation practices. Mixing corn silage and legumes can enhance silage quality and hence animal productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate yield and quality of silages from intercropping between genetically modified corn and soybean for glyphosate tolerance (RR - Roundup Ready) as a function of plant spatial arrangement, soybean variety, and sowing fertilization methods. Two intercropping arrangements of RR corn and RR soybeans were tested: alternate single rows of corn and soybeans and double corn rows for each soybean row. Treatments were randomized blocks with four replications, arranged in a 2x2+1 factorial scheme. The first factor was sowing fertilization method (2): only in corn rows or in total area. The second factor was soybean variety (2): medium- and late-cycle genotypes, and an additional treatment of corn monoculture. After harvest, forage material was analyzed for agronomic characteristics and then ensiled for 60 days. Thereafter, bromatological composition, fermentation profile, and losses were analyzed during silage fermentation process. No differences were observed among treatments for total silage production. Overall, silage from intercropping treatments showed higher levels of hemicellulose, total digestible nutrients, crude protein, and ether extract, thus improving silage quality. However, lower contents of dry matter, acid detergent fiber, and cellulose were also observed in silage from intercropped treatments. In short, adding soybeans to silage can improve final roughage, reducing costs of protein and energy supplements.

Influence of wilting time on silage compositional quality and microbiology

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 88-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Bouriako ◽  
H. Shihab ◽  
V. Kuri ◽  
J. K. Margerison
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Compositional Quality

Wilting grass before ensiling has become a firmly established practice, since it provides economic advantages due to the increment of the dry matter content of the forage before ensiling. Most forage crops contain less than 20 per cent of dry matter when they are cut thus reduction of the weight of crop to be transported provides advantages (Gordon et al., 1999). Also, research has shown that such practices yield improved and reduced effluent loss from the silo and higher feeding value of the silage. Wilting of grass prior to ensiling has been widely adopted as a means of reducing effluents produced and improving the fermentation quality of silage. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of differing wilting periods and silage moisture levels of silage quality and microbial growth levels.

COMPARISON OF GROWTH, FORAGE YIELD AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF DIPLOID AND AUTOTETRAPLOID MAIZE SYNTHETICS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. ATLIN ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Yield Trials

Three autotetraploid maize synthetics were compared with four diploid synthetics of similar adaptation in yield trials and growth analysis experiments at several southern Ontario locations, in order to assess the potential of tetraploid maize as a source of forage. No differences were observed among ploidy levels in productivity of whole-plant dry matter, or in nutritional quality of forage. Tetraploids appeared to be lower in dry matter content at harvest and through much of their period of growth.Key words: Silage corn, forage corn, autotetraploid, (Zea mays L.)

COMPARISON OF GRAIN YIELD AND WHOLE-PLANT SILAGE PRODUCTION OF RECOMMENDED CORN HYBRIDS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. VATTIKONDA ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
The Relationship

A 2-yr study was conducted at Elora and Brucefield, Ont. to examine the relationship between grain yield following grain physiological maturity and whole-plant dry matter (DM) yield and quality determined at the stage desirable for ensiling. Quality parameters analyzed include in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD) of the stover, IVD of the whole plant, stover lignin content and stover protein content. There was a significant linear relationship between the performance of hybrids for grain yield production and their yield for silage production. However, the relationship was not complete enough to permit reliable selection of hybrids for silage production based on grain yield performance (coefficients of determination were 0.23 and 0.25 for Elora and Brucefield, respectively). Grain dry matter content, however, provided a satisfactory estimate of whole-plant maturity for silage production. Coefficients of determination between grain DM content and whole-plant DM content were 0.71 and 0.53 for Elora and Brucefield, respectively. There was considerable variation among hybrids for lignin content and IVD of stover. Differences were much less for whole-plant IVD. The findings of this study support the need for separate evaluation trials for corn grown for whole-plant silage production as opposed to grain production.Key words: Zea mays, corn silage, grain yield, hybrid performance

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