ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS OF SILAGES TREATED WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE

Two trials were conducted to investigate the effect of NaOH on the ensiling characteristics of corn and alfalfa forage. In one trial, NaOH was added at levels of 0, 2, 3, or 4% of dry matter (DM) to whole plant corn and 0 or 3% to corn stover, and ensiled in cryovac bags. In a second trial, 0 or 3% NaOH was added to whole plant corn or alfalfa (25–40% DM). In addition, alfalfa had molasses added at a level of 0 or 10% of the forage DM. Materials were ensiled in miniature silos of 250-ml capacity. Additions of NaOH to all forages increased silage pH (P < 0.05). Molasses may have some influence in limiting the rise in pH after addition of NaOH but the effect appears to be limited. Alkali treatment of corn stover silage and corn silage generally increased lactic acid production. Total-N of all silages tended to decrease with NaOH treatment. However, alkali treatment markedly reduced soluble-N with all forages (P < 0.05), except with corn stover. Molasses also reduced soluble-N (P < 0.05) with alfalfa silage of low DM content. Treating forages while ensiling would appear to represent a suitable on-farm system for alkali treatment.

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Effect of calcium oxide and soybean hull addition to feedlot diets containing dried distillers grains and corn stover on steer performance, carcass characteristics, and digestibility

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txaa105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas A Lancaster ◽

Chris R Muegge ◽

Jose R R Carvalho ◽

Rodrigo C Lopes ◽

Rafael S Narumiya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corn Stover ◽

Calcium Oxide ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Distillers Grains ◽

Marbling Score ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Total N ◽

Dried Distillers Grains

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soybean hulls (SBH) and/or calcium oxide (CaO) on rumen pH, digestibility, and performance of steers fed diets containing dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). In experiment 1, Angus × Simmental steers (n = 112, body weight [BW] = 364 ± 7.8 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 diets arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial and placed in 16 pens (7 steers/pen, 4 pens/treatment, and 28 steers/treatment). Factors were SBH (0% or 30% of diet dry matter [DM]) and CaO (0% or 1%) inclusion. Basal diets contained 20% corn stover, 30% DDGS, and 4% supplement. Diets with SBH contained 14.1% or 15.0% corn and diets without SBH contained 43.9% or 44.8% corn. In experiment two, four steers (BW = 510 ± 9.8 kg) were allotted to a 4 × 4 Latin square (21 d periods) to determine the effects of CaO and SBH on ruminal pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), nutrient digestibility, and digestion kinetics. Statistical analyses were conducted using the MIXED procedure of SAS. In experiment 1, BW did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.46). Overall carcass-adjusted gain did not differ due to SBH or CaO inclusion (P ≥ 0.13); however, there was an interaction (P = 0.01) where CaO improved gain in steers fed no SBH, but not in steers fed SBH. Steers fed SBH consumed more DM than steers not fed SBH (P = 0.02) and an interaction tended to occur (P = 0.06) where CaO increased dry matter intake in steers fed no SBH, but not in steers fed SBH. Calcium oxide increased hot carcass weight and yield grade (interaction; P ≤ 0.04) and tended to increase fat thickness (interaction; P = 0.08) in steers fed no SBH, but not in steers fed SBH. Dressing percentage, longissimus muscle area, % kidney, pelvic, heart fat, and marbling score did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.14). Total VFA concentrations were greater with SBH inclusion and with CaO addition (P < 0.01). Digestibility of DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was greater with CaO addition (P ≤ 0.04) and NDF and ADF digestibility were greater with SBH inclusion (P < 0.001). Inclusion of SBH did not affect (P ≥ 0.26) rate of digestion (kd) or passage (kp). Addition of CaO tended to increase mean retention time (P = 0.09). An interaction between SBH inclusion and CaO addition occurred for kd (P = 0.01), where CaO increased kd in steers fed SBH, but decreased kd when steers were fed no SBH. Total N excretion tended to be lower with SBH inclusion and CaO addition (P = 0.07). In conclusion, CaO enhances performance of cattle fed corn, DDGS, and corn stover diets, but not when corn is partially replaced by a fiber-based energy feed.

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Chemical characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts in corn silage re-ensiled with bacterial inoculant

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000900008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (9) ◽

pp. 1045-1052

Author(s):

Mateus Merlo Coelho ◽

Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽

José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽

Kelly Moura Keller ◽

Gustavo Vinícius de Souza dos Anjos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Whole Plant

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of re-ensiling and bacterial inoculation on the quality of corn silage. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial design with or without inoculant (association of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici), and with re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure or only ensiling of the whole plant of 'BRS 1055' corn. The fermentative quality, nutritional parameters, dry matter losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts of silages were evaluated. Re-ensiling caused an increase of pH and in acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, as well as in the dry matter (DM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber crude protein contents. Conversely, there was a reduction in the nonfiber carbohydrates concentration and in in vitro dry matter digestibility for the re-ensiled material. All changes were explained by the higher-effluent production and DM loss of re-ensiled material that was subjected to two compactions. Microbiology was not altered by the treatments. The use of inoculant altered ash content, but it did not influence other parameters. In contrast, re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure caused a reduction in the nutritive value of corn silage and accentuated the DM losses.

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Effect of Hybrid Type on Fermentation and Nutritional Parameters of Whole Plant Corn Silage

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061587 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1587

Author(s):

Yue Liu ◽

Guogen Wang ◽

Hao Wu ◽

Qingxiang Meng ◽

Muhammad Zahoor Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Soluble Fiber ◽

Dual Purpose ◽

Nutritional Parameters ◽

Hybrid Type ◽

Whole Plant

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of hybrid type on the fermentation and nutritional parameters of whole-plant corn silage (dual-purpose and silage-specific corn). For this purpose, the two corn hybrid types were harvested at the one-half to three-fourths milk line and ensiled in fermentation bags (50 × 80 cm) for 60 day. Our results demonstrated that the ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid (p = 0.004), propionic acid (p < 0.001), Flieg point (p < 0.001), ether extract (p = 0.039), starch (p < 0.001), milk-per-ton index (p < 0.005), net energy for lactation (p = 0.003), total digestible nutrients (p < 0.001), neutral detergent soluble fiber (p =0.04), and in situ dry matter digestibility (TDMDis) (p < 0.001) were higher in dual-purpose corn silage, while the pH (p = 0.014), acetic acid (p = 0.007), the ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen (p = 0.045), neutral detergent fiber (p < 0.001), acid detergent fiber (p < 0.001), acid detergent lignin (p < 0.001), dry matter yield per ha (p < 0.001), milk-per-acre index (p = 0.003), available neutral detergent fiber (p < 0.001), and unavailable neutral detergent fiber (p < 0.001) were higher in silage-specific corn silage. Based on our analysis, we concluded that under favourable production conditions for whole-plant corn silage, the nutritive value per unit was higher in dual-purpose corn while biomass yield and nutrient value per ha were higher in silage-specific corn.

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Nitrogen Partitioning of Field-grown `Arapaho' Thornless Blackberry

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.487b ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 487B-487

Author(s):

J. Naraguma ◽

J.R. Clark ◽

R.J. Norman

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Nitrogen Partitioning ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Old Field ◽

Total N ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Percent Recovery ◽

Thornless Blackberry

A spring application of 19 g CO(15NH2)2/plant at 2.49% atom percent enrichment was made in Mar. 1995 on 2-year old, field-grown `Arapaho' blackberry plants. Individual plants were harvested during the study at preharvest (late May), postharvest (mid-July), and early dormancy (late October). The following plant parts were separated for analysis: roots, primocanes, floricanes, primocane leaves, floricane leaves, fruits. Soil samples were also taken from within the drip line of the plants at each sample date. Plant tissues were washed, dry weights measured and ground for acid digestion, total N determination and 15N analysis. Samples were measured for 15N atom percent abundance by a isotope ratio spectrometer. The whole-plant dry matter in creased during the season from 53 g in May to 153 g in October. Plants sampled in October had a greater amount of dry matter in roots than in any other tissue. There was a decreased total N content in all vegetative tissues (leaves and canes) from May to October. The maximum fertilizer 15N percent recovery was 43% (October) and the minimum was 12% (May) from the total plant tissues. Compared to other plant tissues, floricane leaves and primocanes recovered significantly more fertilizer 15N in May, while roots and primocane leaves recovered more in October. Floricanes and fruits did not increase in 15N levels during the sampling period. Fertilizer 15N recovered in the soil amounted to 35.5% of the applied with 4.5% found in the inorganic fraction, 31% in the organic fraction. There were no statistical differences in percent recovery of the fertilizer 15N among sample dates in the topsoil. October 15N percent recovery was much lower than May in the subsoil, indicating a downward movement of N by leaching. Averaging all sample dates, 59.5% of the labeled fertilizer was accounted for in the plant and soil, with the remaining portion probably lost via volatilization, leaching, and/or denitrification.

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EFFECT OF SEEDING DATE ON YIELDS AND QUALITY OF GREEN FORAGE CROPS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps87-140 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 1045-1050 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

H. T. KUNELIUS ◽

J. B. SANDERSON ◽

P. R. NARASIMHALU

Keyword(s):

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Total N ◽

Seeding Date ◽

Whole Plant ◽

High Yields ◽

Whole Plants

Forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.), rape (B. napus L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and Chinese cabbage (B. campestris sensulato L.) × stubble turnip (B. rapa L.) hybrid were seeded at monthly intervals between late-May and late-August over 3 yr. Kale was harvested in early November while rape, radish, and turnip hybrid were targeted for harvest 60–70 d after seeding. The dry matter yield of kale declined as the seeding dates were delayed. The primary growth of rape, radish and turnip hybrid was the same for May, June and July seedings, but seeding in August lowered the yields by 25–38%. The in vitro dry matter disappearance was high, ranging from 850 to 920 g kg−1. The total N concentration of whole plant tissue, leaves, stem + petioles, and roots and S-methylcysteine sulphoxide (SMCO) concentration of whole plants increased as the seeding date was delayed. We concluded that kale should be planted by mid-June for high yields. Fodder rape, radish, and turnip hybrid had similar yields with seeding from spring until mid-July. In vitro dry matter disappearance and N concentrations were high for all species.Key words: Brassica oleracea, B. napus, B. rapa, Raphanus sativus, chemical composition, digestibility

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Corn Stover Silage versus Corn Silage for Milk Production

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(21)94193-6 ◽

1921 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 29-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F.B. Morrison ◽

G.C. Humphrey ◽

R.S. Hulce

Keyword(s):

Corn Stover ◽

Milk Production ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Corn Stover Silage

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Chemical composition and ruminal digestion of corn silage with Morus alba L. foliage

Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios ◽

10.19136/era.a7n1.2228 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Regulo Jimenéz-Guillén ◽

David Heriberto Noriega Cantú ◽

Saúl Rojas-Hernández ◽

Jaime Olivares Pérez ◽

Abel Villa-Mancera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Morus Alba ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Total N ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Silage Fermentation ◽

Ruminal Digestion

Chemical composition and ruminal digestion parameters were mea- sured in the silage of the whole corn plant (Zea mays L.) mixed with mulberry foliage (Morus alba L.) in ratio of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 00:100% of fresh forage weight, respectively. The 40:60 ratio of corn: mulberry increased crude protein content (CP = 14.28%) and decreased hemicellulose (12.15%), neutral (NDF = 28.00%) and acidic (ADF = 15.85%) detergent fiber, compared to 100: 0% ratio, respectively, which led to a 21.3% increase in in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Also ammoniacal nitrogen 7.40% (NH3-N/total N) was higher in the ratio 40:60%, with pH of 4.19 which is normal for silages, which translates the buffer activity correct of ammonia and its importance for silage fermentation stability. The correlation (r = 0.61, p < 0.001) indicated that at higher CP content, higher is IVDMD and hemicellulose (r = -0.99), ADF (r = -0.98) and NDF (r = -0.98) indicated that these fibrous compounds decreased IVDMD (p < 0.001). The regression showed that the increase in content CP (0.555%, p < 0.01) and IVDMD (0.3391%, p < 0.001) with the decrease of NDF (-0.3526%), ADF (-0.1623%) and hemicellulose (-0.1903%) (p < 0.001) in mixed mini silos, was attributed to mulberry foliage addition. It is concluded that the contribution of dry matter and nitrogen of mulberry, decreased the fiber content and increased digestibility parameters of silage when it is elaborated in ratio of 40:60 corn and mulberry, respectively.

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THE EFFECT OF SHADE STRESS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CORN FOR SILAGE VERSUS GRAIN

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps86-007 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 53-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D. M. N. MBEWE ◽

R. B. HUNTER

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Light Stress ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Plant Yield ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Stover Yield ◽

Silage Quality ◽

Silage Production

A field study was conducted near Guelph, Ontario, to investigate the effects of shade stress on the yield of corn grown for silage versus grain. The effects of shading on the quality of whole-plant corn silage were also examined. Shade was provided by two layers of fiberglass screen, which reduced the amount of light by approximately 65%. The shade treatments were applied during either the vegetative, reproductive or grain-filling stages of development. Shading at any stage reduced whole-plant dry matter (WPDM) yield at the silage corn harvest stage and the level of this reduction was relatively independent of the stage at which the shade was applied. Grain DM yield at the grain harvest stage was also reduced by light stress, with the greatest reduction resulting from light stress during the reproductive stage. However, for silage production, high stover yield compensated for the reduction in grain yield, resulting in little reduction in whole-plant yield. Shading during either the reproductive or filling stage reduced WPDM content due to reduced grain content and higher stover moisture content.Key words: Corn, silage quality, whole-plant corn silage

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BARLEY SILAGE, GROUND WHOLE PLANT BARLEY AND CORN SILAGE FOR FINISHING BEEF CATTLE

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas71-027 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 201-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

D. N. MOWAT ◽

R. A. SLUMSKIE

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Corn Silage ◽

First Year ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Finishing Steers ◽

Barley Silage ◽

Supplemental Protein ◽

Finishing Beef Cattle

Barley silage (mid-dough), mature, dry-ground, whole-plant barley, and corn silage were evaluated for growing and finishing steers over two consecutive crop years. Adequate supplemental protein was provided. Steers fed barley silage gained the least and required the most feed dry matter per unit gain. Furthermore, barley silage produced the least fat cover and lowest dressing percent. Performance of steers fed dry-ground barley was intermediate during the first year, but comparable with performance on corn silage in gain and carcass measurements during the second trial. Digestible energy intake tended to be highest for steers fed corn silage. Sheep were used to determine digestibilities of forages fed in the feedlot studies, and of whole-plant barley at various stages of maturity. Corn silage had the highest energy digestibility of all forages studied. Energy digestibility of whole-plant barley decreased slightly to the milk stage but did not change thereafter. After the milk stage, the barley had a moisture content below 70%, thus enabling direct harvesting for silage.

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Screening of High 1,2-Propanediol Production by Lactobacillus buchneri Strains and Their Effects on Fermentation Characteristics and Aerobic Stability of Whole-Plant Corn Silage

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11070590 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 590

Author(s):

Zhipeng Huang ◽

Musen Wang ◽

Wencan Ke ◽

Xusheng Guo

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Reference Strain ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Acetic Acid Production ◽

Lactobacillus Buchneri ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Fermentation Quality ◽

Alfalfa Silage

The study was conducted to screen high 1,2-propanediol produced by Lactobacillus buchneri strains, isolated from baled silages stored for 1 or 2 years, and to evaluate their effects on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage. In total, 31 L. buchneri strains were isolated from alfalfa, whole-plant corn and oat silages. Based on growth performance and 1,2-propanediol and acetic acid production, two strains, L. buchneri 9-2 and L. buchneri 10-1, from alfalfa silage, were further assessed in an ensiling trial on whole-plant corn. The corn silage inoculated with L. buchneri 9-2 or L. buchneri 10-1 had a higher concentration of 1,2-propanediol (34.7 or 34.6 g/kg dry matter (DM)) and acetic acid (47.2 or 45.9 g/kg DM) in comparison with L. buchneri 40788 (reference strain) treated silage (19.5 and 35.9 g/kg DM) after 90 d of fermentation. In addition, these two strains performed better in improving silage aerobic stability relative to control and L. buchneri 40788. The results above indicated that L. buchneri 9-2 and L. buchneri 10-1 could be candidate strains to increase 1,2-propanediol and acetic acid concentrations and improve the aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage.

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