PREDICTION OF SOIL TEMPERATURE FROM AIR TEMPERATURE FOR ESTIMATING CORN EMERGENCE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. DWYER ◽  
H. N. HAYHOE ◽  
J. L. B. CULLEY
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Zone Temperature

The soil thermal environment is critical to corn (Zea mays L.) emergence in short-season production areas. A field study was therefore carried out during the emergence period to test a method to predict 0.05-m soil temperatures from air temperatures and to develop a method to quantify emergence rates as a function of actual and predicted soil thermal units. Thermal units (base 10 °C) were calculated from hourly air and measured and predicted 0.05-m soil temperatures; these thermal units were fit to test emergence data collected on six cultivars. The nonlinear response of percentage emergence to thermal units was approximated by an exponential function. Comparisons of cultivar emergence rates, expressed as the number of thermal units to 0 and 75% emergence, statistically differentiated (P ≤ 0.05) the test cultivars into three main groupings. When predicted soil temperatures were used to calculate the number of thermal units, the thermal units to specific emergence levels were within the equivalent of 1 or 2 d of those generated using measured soil temperatures.Key words: Growing degree days, regression, thermal regimes, seed zone temperature, corn emergence

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCENTAGE EMERGENCE AND GROWING DEGREE DAYS FOR CORN

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. HAYHOE ◽  
L. M. DWYER
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Emergence Response

Seed bed temperature is often the limiting environmental factor affecting corn (Zea mays L.) emergence, particularly in short-season production areas or when conservation tillage practices are employed. In this study, observations of the percentage emergence and seed bed growing degree days (base 10 °C) are used to assess functions which model the emergence response to temperature. Key words: Percentage emergence, growing degree days, log transformation, logistic function

scholarly journals Spatial Soil Temperature and Moisture Monitoring Across the Transylvanian Plain in Romania

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrix HAGGARD ◽  
Teodor RUSU ◽  
David WEINDORF ◽  
Horea CACOVEAN ◽  
Paula MORARU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Important Region ◽  
Soil Temperatures

The Transylvanian Plain, Romania is an important region for agronomic productivity. However, limited soils data and adoption of best management practices hinder land productivity. Soil temperatures of the Transylvanian Plain were evaluated using a set of twenty datalogging stations positioned throughout the plain. Soil temperatures were monitored at the surface and at 10, 30, and 50 cm depths, and soil moisture was monitored at 10 cm. Preliminary results indicate that most soils of the Transylvanian Plain will have a mesic temperature regime. However, differences in seasonal warming and cooling trends across the plain were noted. These have important implications for planting recommendations. Growing degree days (GDDs) are preferred over maturity ratings, because they can account for temperature anomalies. The crop being considered for this study was corn. The base temperature (BT) was set at 10oC, and the upper threshold was 30oC. Two methods were used to calculate GDDs; 1) minimum and maximum daily temperatures, and 2) 24 h of averaged temperature data. Growing degree days were run from 110-199 day of year (DOY) to represent approximate planting date to tasseling. The DOY that 694 accumulated growing degree days (AGDDs) was reached at each site was then analyzed to identify differences across the TP. Three sites failed to reach 694 AGDDs by DOY 199, and were excluded from comparisons to other results. Averaged values were used to create spline interpolation maps with ArcMap 9.2 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA). The southeastern portion of the TP was found to tassel a month earlier assuming a planting date of 109 DOY. Four DeKalb® corn hybrids were then selected based on GDDs to tasseling, drydown, drought tolerance, and insect resistance. With a better understanding of the GDD trends across the TP, more effective planting and harvesting could be accomplished by Romanian farmers to maximize agronomic production.

scholarly journals Research on the morphology, biology, productivity and yields quality of the Amaranthus cruentus L. in the southern part of Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1413-1425
Author(s):  
Maria TOADER ◽  
Alina M. IONESCU ◽  
Cosmin SONEA ◽  
Emil GEORGESCU
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Cultivation Technology

Currently, according to the specialists in the field, Amaranthus species are part of alternative agricultural crops recommended for organic farming. In this context, our scientific approach is to analyse the adaptability of these species in the specific conditions of the southern part of Romania (Reviga village, Ialomita County). Thus, for two consecutive years, two varieties of Amaranthus cruentus, namely ‘Bolivia 153’ and ‘Golden Giant’, were studied regarding: morphology, biology, cultivation technology, plant productivity and quality of yields in the organic farming conditions. After the study period, the ‘Golden Giant’ variety was characterized by the following: 8 days - sowing-emergence period; flowering start on 21 July; 124 days - vegetation period; 839.3 Growing Degree Days (GDD) (Σ t °C > 15 °C); 23.24 g - grains mass per plant; 1.375 g - Thousand Weight Grains (TWG); 2,647 kg ha-1 - grains yields. By comparison, ‘Bolivia 153’ variety plants were presented as follows: 11 days - sowing-emergence period; flowering start on 21 July; 127 days - vegetation period; 842.4 GDD; 22.09 g - grains mass per plant; 1.46 g TWG; 23.78 kg ha-1 - grains yields. In average, the chemical composition of Amaranthus cruentus grains was: 15.20% proteins; 51.70% starch; 5.96% lipids; 13.36% cellulose and 3.35% ash. In conclusion, the experimentation area proved to be favourable to Amaranthus cruentus cultivation, so that the tested varieties behaved well, had a fairly uniform emergences, and the good level of grains yields and quality.

scholarly journals Use of Belowground Growing Degree Days to Predict Rooting of Dormant Hardwood Cuttings of Populus

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Zalesny ◽  
E. O. Bauer ◽  
D. E. Riemenschneider
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Abstract Planting Populus cuttings based on calendar days neglects soil temperature extremes and does not promote rooting based on specific genotypes. Our objectives were to: 1) test the biological efficacy of a thermal index based on belowground growing degree days (GDD) across the growing period, 2) test for interactions between belowground GDD and clones, and 3) identify beneficial planting windows based on combinations of genotypes and belowground GDD. We tested two clones of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh (D133, D134) and four hybrid clones of P. deltoides × P. maximowiczii A. Henry (DM101, DM105, NC14105, NC14107). Cuttings, 20 cm long, were planted in randomized complete blocks at 15- × 15-cm spacing across three planting dates during 1999 at Alexandria, Minnesota, USA (45.9°N, 95.4°W) and Fertile, Minnesota, USA (47.3°N, 96.2°W). Temperatures at 20 cm belowground were converted to GDD with a base temperature of 10°C. We measured root, top, and total dry weight, along with number of roots after 14 d of growth. Relatively warmer and cooler soil temperatures promoted rooting for the cottonwoods and hybrids, respectively. We recommend planting after reaching a threshold of 163 belowground GDD for P. deltoides clones and planting before reaching a threshold of 173 belowground GDD for P. deltoides × P. maximowiczii clones.

scholarly journals A Heat Unit Model to Predict Growth and Development of Muskmelon (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus Naud.) to Anthesis

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 790D-790
Author(s):  
S. Jenni ◽  
D.C. Cloutier ◽  
G. Bourgeois ◽  
K.A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Heat Unit ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Unit Model ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Unit Formula

Plant dry weight of muskmelon transplants to anthesis could be predicted from a multiple linear regression based on air and soil temperatures prevailing under 11 mulch and rowcover combinations. The two dependent variables of the regression model consisted of a heat unit formula for air temperatures with a base temperature of 14C and a maximum-reduced threshold at 40C, and a standard growing-degree-day formula for soil temperatures with a base temperature of 12C. Based on 2 years of data, 86.5% of the variation in the dry weight (on a log scale) could be predicted with this model. The base temperature for predicting time to anthesis of muskmelon transplants was established at 6.8C and the thermal time ranged between 335 and 391 degree-days during the 2 years of the experiment.

Influence of sowing dates on the growing degree days and phenology of winter maize (Zea mays L.)

1986 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Narwal ◽  
S. Poonia ◽  
G. Singh ◽  
D.S. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Sowing Dates

scholarly journals Prediction of phenological stages of six maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids based on required growing degree days

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2564-2574
Author(s):  
Ravi Babu M ◽  
Rao KLN ◽  
Ashokarani Y ◽  
Martiluther M ◽  
Prasad PRK
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Phenological Stages

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature on Development and Reproduction of Ditylenchus weischeri and D. dipsaci on Yellow Pea

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Hajihassani ◽  
Mario Tenuta ◽  
Robert H. Gulden
Keyword(s):  
Generation Time ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Stage Progression ◽  
Air Temperatures

The ability of the recently described stem nematode of creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense L.), Ditylenchus weischeri, to develop on and parasitize yellow pea (Pisum sativum L.) is uncertain. The current study examined nematode life-stage progression and generation time on yellow pea as affected by temperature with the related pest, D. dipsaci, used as a positive control. Relationships for body length of the two nematode species and life stage were unaffected by rearing on plant hosts compared with carrot disks. Then plant-reared J4 individuals of both nematode species were used to determine the effect of temperature (17, 22, and 27°C) on life-stage progression and minimum generation time with yellow pea. At 17 and 22°C, D. weischeri J4 individuals progressed to only the adult stage whereas, at 27°C, the minimum generation time from J4 to J4 was 30 days or 720 growing degree-days. The minimum generation time for D. dipsaci was 24, 18, and 22 days or 336, 342, and 528 growing degree-days at 17, 22, and 27°C, respectively. The results indicate that development of D. weischeri is temperature dependent and reproduction is unlikely on yellow pea in the Canadian Prairies, where mean daily air temperatures of 27°C are rare and not sustained.

Evaluation of Finger Millet Varieties under Rainfed Condition of Eastern India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Singh ◽  
VINOD KUMAR ◽  
SHAMBHU PRASAD
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Use Efficiency

A field experiment was carried out during the kharif of 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the yield potential, economics and thermal utilization in eleven finger millet varieties under the rainfed condition of the sub-humid environment of South Bihar of Eastern India. Results revealed that the significantly higher grain yield (20.41 q ha-1), net returns (Rs 25301) and B: C ratio (1.51) was with the finger millet variety ‘GPU 67’ but was being at par to ‘GPU28’and ‘RAU-8’, and significantly superior over remaining varieties. The highest heat units (1535.1oC day), helio-thermal units (7519.7oC day hours), phenothermal index (19.4 oC days day-1) were recorded with variety ‘GPU 67’ followed by ‘RAU 8’ and ‘GPU 28’ and lowest in ‘VL 149’ at 50 % anthesis stage. Similarly, the highest growing degree days (2100 oC day), helio-thermal units (11035.8 oC day hours) were noted with ‘GPU 67’ followed by ‘RAU 8’ and ‘GPU 28’ at maturity. The highest heat use efficiency (0.97 kg ha-1 oC day) and helio-thermal use efficiency (0.19 kg ha-1 oC day hour) were in ‘GPU 67’ followed by ‘VL 315’.

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