Effect of adjuvant and acidifying agent on imazamethabenz efficacy

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1389-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. McMullan
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Sodium Bisulfite ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Liquid Concentrate ◽  
Oil Type

Experiments were conducted to determine if the efficacy of imazamethabenz could be increased. Crop oil-type adjuvant or acidifying agent added to the spray solution increased the wild oats efficacy of the soluble concentrate formulation equal to that of the liquid concentrate. Either methylated seed oil or Merge was more effective in increasing activity than sodium bisulfite.Key words: Imazamethabenz, adjuvant, sulfuric acid, sodium bisulfite, oat (wild), Avena fatua L.

Effect of Environment and Adjuvants on Asulam Phytotoxicity

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Nalewaja ◽  
Zenon Woznica
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Reduced Toxicity

Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of various factors on asulam {methyl[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl] carbamate} toxicity to flax (Linum usitatissimumL.) and wild oats (Avena fatuaL. # AVEFA). Asulam toxicity to both flax and wild oats generally increased as temperature, humidity, and soil moisture increased after treatment. Octoxynol {α-[p-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl butyl phenyl]-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)} in the spray solution increased asulam toxicity to both species in all environments. Octoxynol and trimethylenonypolyethoxyethanol (WK) enhanced asulam toxicity more than other adjuvants evaluated. Asulam toxicity to both flax and wild oats increased as octoxynol concentration in the spray increased. Flax tolerance to asulam generally increased with flax height at treatment. ‘Flor’ flax was the most asulam susceptible of six cultivars evaluated. A 2-mm simulated rainfall within 3 or 6 h after asulam treatment reduced toxicity to wild oats and flax, respectively.

Barban Selectivity for Wild Oat in Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Neidermyer ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wild Oats

The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate) was studied as influenced by plant morphology and air temperature after application. Growth of wheat and wild oat seedlings was reduced by barban at 0.3 μg and 0.6 μg applied to the first node, respectively. Barban application to the base and midpoint of the first leaf blade required a lower dose to reduce wild oat growth than wheat growth. Increased tillering occurred from barban injury to the main culm in wheat. Wheat and wild oat susceptibility to barban increased as the post-treatment temperature decreased from 32 to 10 C. Barban selectivity for wild oats in wheat was greater at 27 and 21 C than at 16 and 10 C.

Dynamics of competition between wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and winter cereals

Weed Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. COUSENS ◽  
S. E. WEAVER ◽  
T. D. MARTIN ◽  
A. M. BLAIR ◽  
J WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Winter Cereals

SPRAY DROPLET DISTRIBUTION AND HERBICIDE UPTAKE IN SEQUENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF DICLOFOP-METHYL AND MCPA FOR WEED CONTROL IN BARLEY

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. QURESHI ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Droplet Distribution ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
Spray Volume

Uptake of 14C-diclofop-methyl {methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy propanoate]} by leaves of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) was reduced significantly in the presence of MCPA {[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]acetic acid]}, especially the dimethylamine formulation. If the herbicides were applied separately, the degree of interference with uptake depended on the extent of overlap of droplets of the two spray preparations on the leaf surface. Spray volume and direction of spray application were important factors in minimizing the mixing of spray droplets on the leaves if the two herbicides were applied separately with a tandem arrangement of two sprayers. Such a sequential application of MCPA ester and diclofop-methyl in a field experiment provided significantly greater wild oat control than could be obtained with a tank mix of the same two herbicides, but the results were not consistent enough to recommend the procedure for practical use.

Weed Control and Rotational Crop Response with AC 222,293

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Miller ◽  
Harold P. Alley
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Helianthus Annus ◽  
Rotational Crop ◽  
Pinto Beans

In the field, eight barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars tolerated postemergence applications of AC 222,293 [a mixture of methyl 6 and 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl) m- and p-toluate] at 0.4 to 1.4 kg/ha. AC 222,293 at 0.4 kg ai/ha applied at the 1.5- to 2-leaf stage controlled wild oats (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) 96%, whereas 0.7 kg/ha applied at the 3.5- to 4-leaf stage controlled wild oats only 93%. Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.) but not alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), corn (Zea mays L.), pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), or sunflower (Helianthus annus L.), were injured when planted 6 to 8 months after fall applications of AC 222,293 at 0.4 to 1.1 kg/ha.

Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Infestations and Economic Returns as Influenced by Frequency of Control

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. O'Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Average Return

In continuous wheat or barley or in a canola/barley rotation, wild oat control every year over 4 yr maintained wild oat seedling populations at 3 plants/m2 or less. Failure to control wild oats annually increased wild oat populations (>200 plants/m2 by the fourth year) in continuous wheat dramatically, while in the other two cropping systems, populations increased to only 40 plants/m2 or less by the fourth year. In the continuous wheat and in the canola/barley rotation, wild oat control every year generally provided the best economic returns when prices and costs were averaged over 4 yr; in continuous barley, the average return was better when wild oats was controlled only in the second or third years rather than every year.

Polymorphism for vernalization requirement in a population of Avena fatua

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Darmency ◽  
C. Aujas
Keyword(s):  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Vernalization Requirement ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Type Formula ◽  
Winter Type ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Spring Type ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Polymorphism for vernalization requirement has been observed within a population of wild oats, Avena fatua L., grown under greenhouse conditions. One group of plants was early flowering ("spring type," [Formula: see text]), whereas another was late flowering ("winter type," [Formula: see text]). Vernalization of the winter type was obtained by germinating seeds for 2 weeks at 4 °C and resulted in shortening the time to heading by 50 days. However, this polymorphism was not observed in the field when plants germinated before mid-May. Hence, vernalization requirements did not appear to have any adverse or beneficial effects on time to heading and may be a neutral character in this population. Nevertheless, the frequency of the winter type in the population increased significantly over 6 years. Mechanisms are suggested to account for this phenomenon.

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