Grain and straw yields of barley under four tillage systems in northeastern Alberta

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. McAndrew ◽  
L G. Fuller ◽  
L G. Wetter
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Northeastern Alberta ◽  
Gray Soil

The agronomic feasibility of reduced tillage management for barley (Hordeum vulgare) production in northeastern Alberta was evaluated with respect to grain and straw yield. Five sites were established in 1988 and continued until 1992 within the Dark Brown, Black, and Gray soil zones. Four tillage management systems were studied including zero (ZT), minimum (MT), and two conventional systems (C1 and C2). Fungicide (propiconazole) was applied to one-half of the plots to evaluate the need for fungicide in a continuous barley rotation using reduced tillage systems. Fungicide had no effect on grain and straw yields and no interaction between fungicide and tillage system occurred thus indicating that fungal diseases controllable by propiconazole did not limit yields during this study. Tillage system significantly affected grain and straw yields in approximately one-third of the site-years studied. Grain yields averaged over 5 yr ranged from 2.55 to 4.27, 2.61 to 3.93, 2.51 to 4.08, and 2.63 to 3.99 Mg ha−1 for ZT, MT, C2 and C1, respectively. Straw yields averaged over 5 yr ranged from 2.56 to 4.32, 2.61 to 3.90, 2.48 to 4.08, and 2.59 to 4.07 Mg ha−1 for ZT, MT, C2 and C1, respectively. In general, grain and straw yields of barley under ZT were equal or superior to yields obtained under C1, C2 and MT systems. Straw yields followed closely the trends observed for grain yields. Zero tillage grain yields significantly exceeded those of C1, C2 and MT in 30–50% of the site-years when growing season precipitation was below normal. This is believed to be related to better soil water conservation and greater water use efficiency under ZT compared with other tillage systems in years with below normal precipitation and particularly when June and July precipitation was low. Key words: Zero tillage, minimum tillage, fungicide

scholarly journals Respuesta del cultivo de maíz a la labranza de conservación en cuatro diferentes suelos tropicales.

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Ureste ◽  
Santos Campos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Tillage System

Under the rainfed conditions of the central zonc of Veracruz Mexico, the res pon se of the maize crop to the conventional, reduced and zero tillage systems was evaluated in four tropical soils of different texture and drainagc degree. Plant population and grain yield were used as indicating variables. Economical aspects were measured by the Cost/Benefit relationship. The most uniform and highest plant population and grain yield were achieved in the fine and medium textured, well drained Fluvisols, showing no difference between these two soils or among the four tillage systems. In the coarse textured,excessively drained Luvisol, the plant population was higher with zero tillage than with the reduced and conventional tillage; however, the grain yield achieved with zero and reduced tillage was practically alike, but higher than that achieved with the conventional tillage. In the fine textured, poorly drained Venisol, the lowest graio yield was obtained with the four tillage systems, being higher for the conventional tillage system. Zero and reduced tillage reached the highest Cost/Benefit relationship in the Fluvisols and Luvisols. On the clay Vertisol soils, it is not economically feasible to produce corn with any of the studied tillage systems, unless the excess moisture in the soil is reduced.

Sustaining productivity of a Vertisol at Warra, Queensland, with fertilisers, no-tillage or legumes 4. Nitrogen fixation, water use and yield of chickpea

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Strong ◽  
R. C. Dalal ◽  
J. E. Cooper ◽  
J. A. Doughton ◽  
E. J. Weston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practice ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Use Efficiency

Summary. Continuous cereal cropping in southern Queensland and northern New South Wales has depleted native soil nitrogen fertility to a level where corrective strategies are required to sustain grain yields and high protein content. The objective of this study was to examine the performance of chickpea in chickpea–wheat rotations in terms of yields, water use and N2 fixation. The effects of sowing time and tillage practice have been studied. Chickpea grain yields varied from 356 kg/ha in 1995 to 2361 kg/ha in 1988; these were significantly correlated with the total rainfall received during the preceding fallow period and crop growth. Almost 48% of total plant production and 30% of total plant nitrogen were below-ground as root biomass. Mean values of water-use efficiency for grain, above-ground dry matter, and total dry matter were 5.9, 14.2 and 29.2 kg/ha.mm, respectively. The water-use efficiency for grain was positively correlated with the total rainfall for the preceding fallow and crop growth period although cultural practices modified water-use efficiency. The potential N2 fixation was estimated to be 0.6 kg nitrogen/ha.mm from 1992 total dry matter nitrogen yields assuming all of the nitrogen contained in chickpea was derived from the atmosphere. Sowing time had a much larger effect on grain yield and N2 fixation by chickpea than tillage practice (conventional tillage and zero tillage) although zero tillage generally increased grain yields. The late May–early June sowing time was found to be the best for chickpea grain yield and N2 fixation since it optimised solar energy use and water use, and minimised frost damage. Nitrogen fixation by chickpea was low, less than 40% nitrogen was derived from atmosphere, representing less than 20 kg nitrogen/ha.year. The potential for N2 fixation was not attained during this period due to below-average rainfall and high soil NO3-N accumulation because of poor utilisation by the preceding wheat crop. Increased soil NO3-N due to residual from fertiliser N applied to the preceding wheat crop further reduced N2 fixation. A simple soil nitrogen balance indicated that at least 60% of crop nitrogen must be obtained from N2 fixation to avoid continued soil nitrogen loss. This did not occur in most years. The generally negative soil nitrogen balance needs to be reversed if chickpea is to be useful in sustainable cropping systems although it is an attractive cash crop. Sowing time and zero tillage practice, possibly combined with more appropriate cultivars, to enhance chickpea biomass, along with low initial soil NO3-N levels, would provide maximum N2 fixation.

scholarly journals Performance of Lentil as Affected by Reduced Tillage and Mechanical Seeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
RU Zaman ◽  
MR Islam
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
Two Wheeler

Generally, lentil seeds are sown following the traditional farming practice with 3-4 numbers of ploughing combined with broadcasting method in lentil growing countries. This is time consuming and costly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lentil performance as affected by different mechanical seeding system as well as seeding device. There were seven different treatments of which two tillage systems like i) broadcasting after4 times tillage (CT) and ii) broadcasting after tillage with two wheeler driven High Speed Rotary Tiller (HSRT), and five direct mechanical seeding systems like TT+BP =one tillage + bed planting seeding (BP+Pl), TBP =Direct bed planting seeding (BP), TPTOS =Two wheeler operated Seeder (PTOS), TST = Strip tillage seeding (ST) and TZ =Zero tillage seeding (Z). The experiment was carried out by a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. From the results it was revealed that yield was increased from0.56 % to 10.42% in mechanical seeding system than CT. The findings also demonstrated that BP increased yield of about 10.42% with 49.31% of lower fuel consumption which saved 48.1% time compared to CT. The HSRT gave numerically higher yield compare to ST than CT but lower than BP, BP+Pl and PTOS. Zero tillage seeding system gave the minimum seed yield compare to others which was 9.67% and 19% lower than that of CT and BP, respectively. In mechanical seeding systems, bed planting exhibited higher root volume and density compare to that of others, but lower to CT and HSRT. SAARC J. Agri., 18(1): 51-60 (2020)

Long-Term Effects of Three Tillage Systems on Peanut Grade, Yield, and Stem Rot Development1

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Grade Yield

Abstract Field studies were conducted from 1987 to 1996 to evaluate the effects of long-term no-tillage, reduced-tillage, or full-tillage systems on peanut grade, yield, and stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) disease development. In 3 of 10 yr the full-tillage system outyielded the no-tillage system while the reduced tillage system resulted in yield increase over no-tillage systems in 2 yr. Reduced-tillage plots had a higher incidence of stem rot than full-or no-tillage in 4 of 10 yr. In 3 of 10 yr, peanut grade (% TSMK) was lower in no-tillage than full-tillage plots. The reduced tillage system has shown promise for use in Texas for peanut. However, no-tillage peanut systems have never produced yield and quality comparable to full-tillage systems.

GROWTH AND NPK UPTAKE BY SOYBEAN CULTIVARS IN NORTHERN U.S.A. UNDER REDUCED TILLAGE SYSTEMS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. DEIBERT ◽  
R. A. UTTER
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Late Maturity

A field study was conducted during 1985–1987 on a Fargo clay soil to evaluate growth, and NPK content at beginning flowering, pod fill, and mature seed at harvest of an early- (McCall) and a late-maturity (Dawson) soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar as influenced by conventional (plow) or reduced (sweep, intertill, no-till) tillage systems and weed control methods. Excellent seed emergence was obtained on all tillage systems. Fall application of granular herbicide provided excellent weed control but herbicide plus cultivation caused reduced plant growth. Tillage system did not significantly affect plant and seed dry matter production. Yearly differences in dry matter production between early- and late-maturity cultivars depended on precipitation distribution. N and P uptake at pod fill was equal to seed uptake while K in the seed was one-half that measured at pod fill. Stratification of P and K in the surface soil profile of the reduced tillage systems was not detrimental and possibly enhanced early growth when root development was not extensive. Plants exhibited chlorosis on only the plow system under wet soil conditions indicating improved internal drainage under the reduced tillage systems. Interactions of climate with tillage system and cultivar maturity were more pronounced in this soybean study than previously reported which may be related to the cool, dry northern area.Key words: Soybean, no-till, zero-till, weed control, plant nutrients, cultivars, soil nutrient stratification

EFFECT OF REDUCED TILLAGE AND MINERAL FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON MAIZE AND SOYBEAN PRODUCTIVITY

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KIHARA ◽  
A. BATIONO ◽  
B. WASWA ◽  
J. M. KIMETU ◽  
B. VANLAUWE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Continuous Maize

SUMMARYReduced tillage is said to be one of the potential ways to reverse land degradation and ultimately increase the productivity of degrading soils of Africa. We hypothesised that crop yield following a modest application of 2 t ha−1 of crop residue in a reduced tillage system is similar to the yield obtained from a conventional tillage system, and that incorporation of legumes in a cropping system leads to greater economic benefits as opposed to a cropping system involving continuous maize. Three cropping systems (continuous maize monocropping, legume/maize intercropping and rotation) under different tillage and residue management systems were tested in sub-humid western Kenya over 10 seasons. While soybean performed equally well in both tillage systems throughout, maize yield was lower in reduced than conventional tillage during the first five seasons but no significant differences were observed after season 6. Likewise, with crop residue application, yields in conventional and reduced tillage systems are comparable after season 6. Nitrogen and phosphorus increased yield by up to 100% compared with control. Gross margins were not significantly different among the cropping systems being only 6 to 39% more in the legume–cereal systems relative to similar treatments in continuous cereal monocropping system. After 10 seasons of reduced tillage production, the economic benefits for our cropping systems are still not attractive for a switch from the conventional to reduced tillage.

scholarly journals Soil evaporation studies using mini-lysimeters under differently established rice-wheat cropping sequence in Punjab, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Bhatt ◽  
S. S. Kukal
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Evaporation Losses ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Use Efficiency

Present investigations were carried out in rice-wheat cropping sequence as a whole including the intervening period under divergent establishment methods from 2012-14 at experimental farm of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab. Treatments included tillage in wheat viz. zero (ZTW) and conventionally tilled wheat (CTW) - main followed by establishment methods viz. direct seeded rice (DSR) and mechanically transplanted rice (MTR) - sub while tillage in rice viz. puddle (PTR), conventionally tilled (CTR) and zero tilled rice (ZTR) - sub-sub plot. Mini-lysimeters were used for delineating the evaporation trends which found to be fast, low cost, reliable and accurate. During rabi seasons, CTW plots evaporated 15.8 and 3.0% faster respectively, as compared to the ZTW plots. CTW plots during 2012-13 evaporated 7% higher than during 2013-14 while ZTW plots evaporated with almost same pace during both the years. After rabi season during intervening period, ZTW plots evaporated 6.8 and 13.6% faster than the CTW plots during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively. During rice seasons, among pure tillage system, zero tilled plots viz. ZTWDSRZT evaporated 21.7 and 22.2% faster than CTWDSRCT plots during rice 2013 and 2014, while coming over to the mixed tillage systems, CTWDSRZT evaporated 36.7 and 18.4% faster than the ZTWDSRCT plots. The results from this and other studies suggest that mulching suppress the evaporation losses which further improves the water use efficiency and finally land productivity of the rice-wheat sequence in the region.

scholarly journals Tillage Systems Affecting Rice-Wheat Cropping System

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1543-1562
Author(s):  
Rafi Qamar ◽  
Atique ur Rehman ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Rashad Javeed ◽  
Abdul Rehman Abdul Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The Cost

Rice-wheat production is an essential component of cropping systems in the Indus-Ganga Plains (IGP) which play a pivotal role in food security of south Asia. These crops are being cultivated on an area of about 13.5 M ha of South Asia. In rice-wheat cropping system, the major reason for lower wheat grain yield is use of unwise tillage practices during wheat seedbed preparation, cultivation of late maturing rice varieties, water shortage, labor shortage, high cost of fertilizers and poor crop management practices. Resource-conserving technology improves the sustainability and productivity of wheat, which ultimately increase the farmer’s livelihood and reduce poverty. Tillage plays an important role in agricultural operation for soil manipulation to optimize the crop productivity. Different tillage systems are being practiced for wheat production in rice-wheat cropping systems including intensive tillage system, conventional and deep tillage, conservation tillage that consisting of minimum tillage, ridge tillage, and no-till or zero tillage system. Zero tillage gives more accessible and efficient planting system that ensures timely wheat cultivation, cut off the tillage operation, better crop residue management that ultimately minimize the cost of production and keeps environment clean. Operational costs for wheat sowing are 50-60% lower with zero tillage (ZT) sowing than with conventional sowing. The cost saving effect is the main reason for the spread of zero tillage technology in rice-wheat system. Current paper presented a review of different tillage systems and their effects on soil physical properties, plant available water, soil organic matter and nutrients, rice residues, wheat yield and farmer’s economics.

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